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CARBOHYDRATECHAOS
NUTRITION 120– Carb Overview
What are the 3 elements in ALL carbohydrates?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Two monosaccharides form a…..
disaccharide
One way to identify a sugar is that most have the ending…
ose
3 Simple Sugars are….
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
Chemical Formula for Glucose is…
C6H12O6
Your BLOOD SUGAR is what sugar….
Glucose
Build a lactose!
Glucose + galactose
Many monomers (units) of sugars are called….
polysaccharides
3 examples of polysaccharides are…
Starch, cellulose, glycogen or fiber
Build a sucrose
Glucose + fructose
What do plant cells store for their energy?
starch
Animals store excess sugar as….
glycogen
Where can we store glycogen (2 places)?
Liver and muscles
The dietary form of cellulose is called…
fiber
Make a Maltose
Glucose –glucose
An oligosaccharide has how many carbons/sugar units?
3-8/10
First Sugar Digesting Enzyme
Salivary Amylase
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The MAJOR carb digesting enzyme
Pancreatic Amylase
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Site of Carb ABSORPTION
Small Intestine
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Process of Using Glucose to make ATP (energy)
Cellular Respiration
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What % of your daily diet should be carbs?
55-60%
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Two types of fiber…
Soluble and Insoluble
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A disease that is impacted directly by carbohydrate
consumption….Diabetes
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If you are lactose intolerant, your body does not have which enzyme available?
lactase
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Called a non starch polysaccharide.
Fiber
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Process combining two monomers to form a
disaccharideDehydration synthesis
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Who uses carb loading?
Athletes exercising over 90 minutes
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How many grams of glycogen do most people hold in liver and muscles
400grams
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Most common type of Diabetes
Type 2
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Diabetes while Pregnant
Gestational
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Cells of Pancreas that secrete insulin
Beta cells
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Long term effects of uncontrolled diabetes (3)
Blindness, CV Disease, Erectile Difficulties, Circulation Problems
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What % of diabetics are Type 2
90%
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Organ that transforms monosaccharides to
glucoseLiver
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Maltase, Sucrase, Lactase are __________ enzymes
Brush border
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Outer Layer of Whole grain that is fiber rich
Bran
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Max Fiber Intake/Day
40g
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Sugars containing additives, ex. Coca-cola
Refined Sugars
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Hormone that causes blood sugars to RISE
Glucagon
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Diabetes Test that involves drinking sugary liquids…2
hr. post test 11.1+Oral glucose tolerance test
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