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CarboEurope Results: Vulnerability of Carbon Sink by Climate Change. Chairman Han Dolman Alterra, Wageningen, The Netherlands. European Office Annette Freibauer Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany. http://www.bgc-jena.mpg.de/public/carboeur/. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CarboEurope Results:Vulnerability of Carbon Sink
by Climate Change
ChairmanHan DolmanAlterra, Wageningen, The Netherlands
European OfficeAnnette FreibauerMax-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry,Jena, Germany
http://www.bgc-jena.mpg.de/public/carboeur/
ECCP Working Group Research, Subgroup SinksStockholm Meeting: Sinks in Europe
Forest Grassland Arable Land Wetland
Area (Mio ha) 130 76 73 19
C stock (Pg) 6.8 ? 3.86 13.1
Sink (Pg/y) 0.1-0.7 ? 0 0.004-0.01
Other GHGs source? source source source!
Freeze/Thaw and Ice Affected Regions(Global Freezing Index)
Approximate distribution of frost and ice affected regions (i.e. areas with a freezing index > 0).Global freezing index is defined as the cumulative number of degree-days with air temperatures below 0 °C as determined from long-term (1920 - 1980) mean monthly global surface air temperatures. (Source: Legates and Willmott 1990, courtesy of NSIDC).
0
20795
0
30
60
90
30
60
90
Boreal Spring Freeze-Thaw Transition Events
from: Running, Way, McDonald, Kimball, Frolking, Keyser and Zimmermann EOS Trans. AGU (1999)
Simulated daily net carbon exchange (NEE) accumulation withina mature boreal Picea mariana (black spruce) stand in central Manitoba, Canada
(after Frolking et al. 1996).
Inter-Annual Variability of Net Carbon Ecosystem Exchange in a Boreal Picea
mariana Stand
Year
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
CO
2 f
lux
(to
n C
ha-1
yr-1
)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
NEE Respiration Assimilation
Interannual variability in NEE in temperate coniferous forest driven by NPP?
Example: Scots Pine in NL
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
2/9
63
/96
4/9
65
/96
6/9
67
/96
8/9
69
/96
10
/96
11
/96
12
/96
12
/96
1/9
73
/97
3/9
74
/97
5/9
76
/97
7/9
78
/97
9/9
71
0/9
71
1/9
71
2/9
71
/98
2/9
83
/98
4/9
85
/98
6/9
87
/98
8/9
8
9/9
81
0/9
81
1/9
81
2/9
8
date
C
O 2 s
oil
effl
ux
(m
ol m
-2se
c-1)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
so
il m
ois
ture
(%
Vo
l.)
,so
il t
em
pe
ratu
re(°
C)
Sresp
RH soil
T soil
Mediterranean forest: NEE driven by drought limitation Mediterranean forest: NEE driven by drought limitation of soil respiration?of soil respiration?Example: Soil respiration for Q. ilex forest 1996 - 1998Example: Soil respiration for Q. ilex forest 1996 - 1998
Carbon sink indicators:
• Biome-specific change in C stocks and C fluxes• Separate indicators for soil and biomass
• Boreal regions: vulnerability of soil C through temperature riseenhanced NPP through longer growing seasonrisk of high CH4 release from warming wetlands
• Temperate regions: vulnerability of NPP to extreme eventsvulnerability of NPP by drought spells
• Mediterranean regions: drought limitation of soil respirationvulnerability of C stocks by drought and fire