60
Capture the Dragon Game: Think Like a Game Designer By Karl M. Kapp Professor , Bloomsburg University Author: Gamification of Learning and Instruction Twitter:@kkapp

Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Capture the Dragon Game:Think Like a Game Designer

By Karl M. KappProfessor , Bloomsburg UniversityAuthor: Gamification of Learning and InstructionTwitter:@kkapp

Page 2: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

You are a game designer at SuperGame Corporation which has hit some hard times lately.

Page 3: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

It’s Friday 4:59 PM you and your colleague have only one thing

on your mind.

Page 4: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Suddenly, your boss calls youand your colleague into her office.

Ito and Jasmine come into my office.

Page 5: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Yes?

Yes?

Page 6: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Look, someone wants us to create a game about capturing dragons.It appears to be a craze or

something.

Page 7: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Working name is…

“Dragónmon Go”

Page 8: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

You are competing internally for the project. Winning team earns the right to work on the project.

Page 9: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Two Development Teams

teama teambText the word

karlkapp to 37607 to join audience poll.

Page 10: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

PollEverywhere Question

• Audience Response Poll appears here.• Audience member text team choice using

their own text devices.

• Team A. or• Team B.

Page 11: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Each team will be confronted with a series of questions. The team that

correctly answers the most questions wins the work.

Page 12: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

What about the other team?

Page 13: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Losers are assigned to the game“watching paint dry”.

Page 14: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Wow, I heard about that project, its almost as fun as… never mind. Dragon

Capturing is much better.

Page 15: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Get it together.

Now let’s hear about the dragon capturing

game.

Page 16: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

First decision about this dragon capturing game is how to start the game…what should the player’s first

in-game experience be?

Page 17: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

You have two choices:

Tell the player three things they need to know about capturing dragons.

or

Begin with by having the player start capturing dragons right away.

Page 18: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

PollEverywhere Question

• Audience Response Poll appears here.

• Tell the player three things they need to know about capturing dragons.

or• Begin with by having the player start capturing

dragons right away.

Page 19: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Why does this answer make sense?

Not Sure?

Page 20: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Good game designers know that games are engaging because they require action

right away.

Action draws in the player and encourages further engagement. Start by capturing a dragon.

Page 21: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Research indicates that learners who used interactive games for learning had greater cognitive gains over learners provided with traditional

classroom training.

Vogel, J. J., Vogel D.S., Cannon-Bowers, J., Bowers, C.A., Muse, K., & Wright, M. (2006). Computer gaming and Interactive simulations for learning: A meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 34(3), 229-243.

Page 22: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Too often instructional design is about the content and not about the actions that need to occur.

Game Design is about action.

Page 23: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Ok, next decision.

Provide a map with the location of all the dragons.

or

Create a sense of mystery and curiosity concerning the location of

dragons.

Page 24: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

PollEverywhere Question

• Audience Response Poll appears here.

• Provide a map with the location of all the dragons.

Or

• Create a sense of mystery and curiosity concerning the location of dragons.

Page 25: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

It is always a good idea to build curiosity and mystery into a game. Reveal locations of dragons throughout the course of the player’s journey.

Check out my notebook on this subject.

Page 26: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological
Page 27: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological
Page 28: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

A sense of suspense, mystery and intrigue draws people into games and can draw them into

learning as well.

Page 29: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

OK, what do we decide next, should we:

Make the game easy so we don’t discourage the players.

or

Make the game challenging, knowing some players will fail the first few times.

Page 30: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

PollEverywhere Question

• Audience Response Poll appears here.

• Make the game easy so we don’t discourage the players.

or• Make the game challenging, knowing some

players will fail the first few times.

Page 31: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Jones, B., Valdez, G., Norakowski, J., & Rasmussen, C. (1994). Designing learning and technology for educational reform. North Central Regional Educational Laboratory. [Online]. Available: http://www.ncrtec.org/capacity/profile/profwww.htm and Schlechty, P. C. (1997). Inventing better schools: An action plan for educational reform. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Chapter 2 “The Gamification of Learning and Instruction.”

It needs to be challenging.

Page 32: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Look! Good games give players a set of challenging problems and let them solve those problems until they can do it automatically.

Then those same games throw a new class of problem at the players requiring them to re-think, their now—taken for granted—mastery. They must learn something new and integrate

into their old mastery.

Page 33: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Well said!

Page 34: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Actually, my good friend James Paul Gee said those words, I’m quoting

him.

Page 35: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Always good to cite sources!

Page 36: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Also, keep in mind things that are too easy or too difficult will not pique a learner’s interest because they lead to boredom or frustration.

Research has shown that challenge is correlated with both intrinsic motivation and motivation related to the desire to seek competence and self confidence.

White, R.W. (1959) Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological Review, 66, 297-333.

Page 37: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

In fact, give them the Kobayashi Maru of challenges.

Page 38: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Harsh!

Page 39: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Well, the next decision, should we:

Put the player at risk, they could die at any moment.

or

Let the player safely explore the environment.

Page 40: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

PollEverywhere Question

• Audience Response Poll appears here.

• Put the player at risk, they could die at any moment.

Or• Let the player safely explore the environment.

Page 41: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Seriously, you are asking me this question. The player needs

to be at risk.

Page 42: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

No risk, or danger equal no skin in the game.

Get the player emotionally involved by putting him or her at “mock”

risk.

Page 43: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

In games, failing is allowed, it’s acceptable, and it’s part of the process. Games accommodate

failure with multiple lives, second chances and alternative methods of

success.

Page 44: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Research indicates that our brains grow when we make a mistake

because it is a time of struggle. Our brains react with greater

electrical activity when we make a mistake than when we are correct.

Moser, J. Schroder, H.S., Heeter, C., C., Moran, T.P., & Lee, Y.H. (2011) Mind your errors: Evidence for a neural mechanism linking growth mindset to adaptive post error adjustments. Psychological Science, 22, 1284-1489.

Page 45: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Do you punish failure in your learning design or do you allow and encourage the freedom to fail?

Page 46: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Last decision, should you:

Give player choices about what level to enter the game.

or

Create one path for every player.

Page 47: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

PollEverywhere Question

• Audience Response Poll appears here.

• Give player choices about what level to enter the game.

Or• Create one path for every player.

Page 48: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Choices, players need choices. Look, let me tell you what motivates

people.

Page 49: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

People are motivated when they have autonomy, mastery and relatedness.

Page 50: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Hey, isn’t that the Self-Determination Theory?

Page 51: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Why, yes…yes it is.

Page 52: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Cordova, D.I., & Lepper M. R. (1996) Intrinsic motivation and the process of learning: Beneficial effects of contextualization, personalization and choice. Journal of Educational Psychology, 88, 715-730

When given control over their learning, research has shown that learners invested more and attempted more complex strategies than when they had no control. So give learners control.

Page 53: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

And give our game players control over which dragon to capture and in what order.

Cordova, D.I., & Lepper M. R. (1996) Intrinsic motivation and the process of learning: Beneficial effects of contextualization, personalization and choice. Journal of Educational Psychology, 88, 715-730

Page 54: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Lot of information, thanks. So let me ask one more question.

Page 55: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Which team gets to design the dragon capture game, which team

won?

Page 56: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Well, they are all winners to me.

Page 57: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Ugh….

Page 58: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

How about a re-cap…

Page 59: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Here are five tips for thinking like a game designer:

1) Begin with activity2) Create curiosity, mystery, intrigue3) Create a challenge for the learner4) Put learners at “mock” risk—

encourage mistakes5) Give learners meaningful choices

Page 60: Capture the Dragon Game - Amazon Web Services · Capture the Dragon Game: ... First decision about this dragon capturing ... Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological

Questions?