Capon Lake Whipple Truss Bridge

8/17/2019 Capon Lake Whipple Truss Bridge

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Capon Lake Whipple Truss Bridge

The Capon Lake Whipple Truss Bridge (local /ke pən/ɪ ), formerly known as South Branch

Bridge or Romney Bridge, is a historic Whipple truss bridge in Capon Lake, West irginia! "t is

located off Carpers #ike (West irginia $oute %&') and crosses the Cacapon $ier ! The bridge

formerly carried Capon prings $oad (West irginia econdary $oute *+) oer the rier, connecting

the unincorporated communities of Capon prings and Capon Lake!

The bridges Whipple truss technology was deeloped by ciil engineer -uire Whipple in *.0! 1!

W! 2urphy further modified Whipples truss design in *.&' by designing the first truss bridge with

pinned eyebar connections! The design of the Capon Lake Whipple Truss 3ridge incorporates

2urphys later modifications with double4intersections andhori5ontal chords, and is therefore

considered a Whipple62urphy truss bridge! The Capon Lake Whipple Truss 3ridge is West irginias

oldest remaining e7ample of a Whipple truss bridge and its oldest e7tant metal truss bridge!

The Capon Lake Whipple Truss 3ridge was originally constructed in *.0 as part of the outh

3ranch 3ridge (or alternatiely, the $omney 3ridge), a larger two4span Whipple truss bridge

coneying the 8orthwestern Turnpike (9!! $oute &:) across the outh 3ranch #otomac

$ier near $omney! The larger Whipple truss bridge replaced an *.;. wooden coered bridge that

was destroyed during the iision of ?ighways, due to its rarity, age, and engineering significance! The Capon

Lake Whipple Truss 3ridge was listed on the 8ational $egister of ?istoric #laces on >ecember *&,

%:**!

Contents

@hideA

• * Beography and setting

• %


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o ;!* Whipple truss deelopment

o ;!% T! 3! White and ons

o ;!; outh 3ranch 3ridge

o ;! Capon Lake 3ridge

• ee also

• & $eferences

• + 3ibliography

• 0 7ternal links

Geography and setting[edit]

Cacapon $ier , looking downstream from the bridge

The Capon Lake Whipple Truss 3ridge is located in a predominantly rural agricultural and forested

area of southeastern?ampshire County within the Cacapon $ier alley!@*A@%A 3aker 2ountain, a

forested narrow anticlinal mountain ridge, rises to the immediate west, and the western rolling

foothills of the anticlinal Breat 8orth 2ountain rise to the bridges east!@*A The confluence of Capon

prings $un with the Cacapon $ier lies Dust north (downstream) of the bridge! @*A Beorge Washington

8ational Eorest is located to the bridges southeast, coering the forested area south of Capon

prings $oad!@*A

The bridge is located along Carpers #ike (West irginia $oute %&') in the unincorporatedcommunity of Capon Lake, %!:& miles (;!;: km) southwest of Fellow pring and +!00 miles

(*:!': km) northeast of the town of Wardensille!@*A@A@&A@+A The historic Capon prings $esortand the

unincorporated community of Capon prings are located ;!& miles (&!+ km) east of Capon Lake on

Capon prings $oad (West irginia econdary $oute *+)! @*A@%A The bridge is located immediately north

(downstream) of the intersection of Carpers #ike with Capon prings $oad, which is carried across

the Cacapon $ier ia the current Capon Lake 3ridge, a steel stringer bridge built in *''* to replace

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#Whipple_truss_developmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#T._B._White_and_Sonshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#South_Branch_Bridgehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#Capon_Lake_Bridgehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#See_alsohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#Referenceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#Bibliographyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#External_linkshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge&action=edit&section=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacapon_Riverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampshire_County,_West_Virginiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampshire_County,_West_Virginiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-USGS1-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint1-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_Mountain_(West_Virginia)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_Mountain_(West_Virginia)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticlinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_North_Mountainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_North_Mountainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-USGS1-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-USGS1-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confluencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Springs_Runhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Springs_Runhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-USGS1-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_and_Jefferson_National_Forestshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_and_Jefferson_National_Forestshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_and_Jefferson_National_Forestshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-USGS1-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-USGS1-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginia_Route_259https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unincorporated_communityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unincorporated_communityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake,_West_Virginiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake,_West_Virginiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Spring,_West_Virginiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardensville,_West_Virginiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-USGS1-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-USGS1-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-GNIS1-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-GNIS2-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-GNIS3-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-GNIS3-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Springs_Resorthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Springs,_West_Virginiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Springs,_West_Virginiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-USGS1-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-USGS1-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint1-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint1-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girder_bridgehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#Whipple_truss_developmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#T._B._White_and_Sonshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#South_Branch_Bridgehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#Capon_Lake_Bridgehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#See_alsohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#Referenceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#Bibliographyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#External_linkshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge&action=edit&section=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacapon_Riverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampshire_County,_West_Virginiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-USGS1-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint1-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_Mountain_(West_Virginia)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticlinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_North_Mountainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-USGS1-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confluencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Springs_Runhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Springs_Runhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-USGS1-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_and_Jefferson_National_Forestshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_and_Jefferson_National_Forestshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-USGS1-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginia_Route_259https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unincorporated_communityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unincorporated_communityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake,_West_Virginiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Spring,_West_Virginiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardensville,_West_Virginiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-USGS1-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-GNIS1-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-GNIS2-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-GNIS3-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Springs_Resorthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Springs,_West_Virginiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-USGS1-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint1-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girder_bridge


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the Whipple truss bridge for coneying ehicle traffic!@*A@%A The property containing the Capon Lake

Whipple Truss 3ridge is less than * acre (:!: ha) in si5e!@0A

Architecture[edit]

Wooden pedestrian walkway added to the bridge in *''*

The Capon Lake Whipple Truss 3ridge is an early e7ample of the use of metal truss bridge load4

bearing superstructure technology, which defined highway bridge design well into the %:th century!

@.A 3ecause of Gits uncommon innoatie design and ageG, the bridge is one of West irginias most

historically significant [email protected] "t is the oldest remaining e7ample of a Whipple truss bridge in West

irginia, and the oldest e7tant metal truss bridge in the [email protected]@'A The metal truss technology of the

bridge displays distinctie innoations deeloped by the prominent ciil engineers and bridge

designers -uire Whipple and 1! W! 2urphy= the innoations are eident in the bridges double4

intersection diagonals and counter4diagonals with pin connections! @.A@*:A


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framed structures to design the bridge, and his groundbreaking *.0 book, A Work on Bridge

Building , had a significant influence on bridge engineering! @**A@*:A@*%A Whipples truss bridge design

incorporated double4intersection diagonals into the standard #ratt truss, thus allowing the diagonals

to e7tend across two truss bays!@*:A ngineer 1! W! 2urphy further modified Whipples truss design in

*.&' when he designed the first truss bridge with pinned eyebar connections, which utili5ed pinsinstead of trunnions!@*:A@*;A 2urphys design remoed the need for rieted connections and allowed for

easier and more widespread construction of truss bridges! @*:A "n *.+;, 2urphy designed the first pin4

connected truss bridge with both wrought iron tension and compression components and cast

iron Doint blocks and pedestals!@*A@*&A 2urphys truss design consisted of double4intersection counter4

diagonals, and along with the eyebar and pin connections, permitted longer iron bridge spans! @*:A@*+A

-uire Whipple

The technological design adances made by Whipple and 2urphy, in addition to further adances in

steel and iron fabrication, made wrought iron truss bridges a maDor industry in the 9nited tates!

@*:A The Capon Lake bridge was a Whipple62urphy truss bridge, since it incorporated 2urphys later

modifications with double4intersections and hori5ontal chords!@*:A@*+A


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T! 3! White and ons[edit]

The construction company that built the Capon Lake Whipple Truss 3ridge, T! 3! White and ons,

was established in *.+.!@*:A@*'A "ts founder Timothy 3! White had been a carpenter and contractor

in 8ew 3righton, #ennsylania since the *.:s!@*:A@*'A

White also operated factories for iron cars andwoolen mill machinery until *.&', when he began to concentrate solely on bridge construction!

@*'A Whites bridge company operated from a factory on the 3eaer $ier in 8ew 3righton until the

factory was destroyed by fire in *.0.!


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Eollowing the conclusion of the war, nearly all bridges along the 8orthwestern Turnpike had been

destroyed, including the outh 3ranch 3ridge! @%A "n order to restore local businesses and industry,

?ampshire County citi5ens called a meeting and steps were taken at the local leel to proceed with

the construction of new bridges! @%A Local citi5ens and the South Branch Intelligencer newspaper of

$omney campaigned for the immediate replacement of the bridge because of Gcontinual risk, danger and inconeniences arising from want of the outh 3ranch 3ridge at Col! Bibsons (destroyed during

the war)[email protected] ?ampshire County began issuing bonds for the construction of a new bridge oer the

outh 3ranch in *.+., and by *.0, construction of the Whipple truss bridge had [email protected] T! 3!

White and ons were charged with the bridges [email protected]

The outh 3ranch #otomac $ier looking north in %::., downstream from the present4day outh 3ranch 3ridge

The South Branch Intelligencer published periodic updates on the progress of the outh 3ranch

3ridges [email protected] uring the course of construction, 1ohn $idenour lost a finger while working on the

[email protected] The new outh 3ranch 3ridge was completed well ahead of schedule in Hctober *[email protected] The Hctober *%, *.0, edition of the South Branch Intelligencer characteri5ed the new bridge as a

Gcomplete, handsome and durable structureG, and further recounted that Gthe contractors, 2essrs!

White I ons, 8ew 3righton, #ennsylania #enn 3ridge I 2achine Works, hae gien us, in

general opinion, a first rate, durable work, and desere our best commendations!!!! We are confident

that ours will reali5e a ery handsome income and fully indicate the wisdom of the County Court in

oting its construction!G@%&A@%+A

Eollowing its construction in *.0, the Whipple truss bridge oer the outh 3ranch #otomac $ier

sered $omney and traelers along the 8orthwestern Turnpike for +; years!@*:A

"n *';&, the Westirginia tate $oad Commission began organi5ing a proDect to replace the Whipple truss bridge, and

construction of the new bridge had begun by *';+!@*:A@%0A "n 8oember of that year, a car collided with

the south side of the eastern Whipple truss span, which knocked the span completely off its eastern

abutment!@*:A@%.A The car plunged into the outh 3ranch #otomac $ier, followed by the compromised

truss span, which collapsed on top of the car !@*:A@%.A 9naware of the spans collapse, a car traeling

from the west droe off the end of the west span at the bridges center pier, and fell onto the

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-FWP2-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-FWP2-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sycamore_Dalehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sycamore_Dalehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint3-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint3-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint3-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potomac_River#South_Branch_Potomac_Riverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potomac_River#South_Branch_Potomac_Riverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint3-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint3-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint3-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint3-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint3-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint4-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Intelligencer1-26https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint5-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint5-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint5-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-WVSRC1-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-WVSRC1-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint5-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Review1-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint5-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint5-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Review1-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-FWP2-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-FWP2-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sycamore_Dalehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint3-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint3-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint3-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potomac_River#South_Branch_Potomac_Riverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint3-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint3-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint3-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint3-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint4-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Intelligencer1-26https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint5-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint5-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-WVSRC1-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint5-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Review1-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Fint5-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capon_Lake_Whipple_Truss_Bridge#cite_note-Review1-28


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collapsed span!@*:A@%.A


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"n *''*, the new steel stringer Capon Lake 3ridge was constructed *.0 feet (&0 m) to the southwest

of the Capon Lake Whipple Truss 3ridge, after which the Whipple truss bridge was closed to ehicle

[email protected]@'A >ue to its rarity, age, and engineering significance, West irginia >iision of

?ighways >istrict & decided to presere the Whipple truss bridge! @'A >uring the bridges restoration,

the #ratt truss span was remoed due to significant deterioration, and the roadway deck was alsoremoed!@'A < wooden pedestrian walkway and obseration deck were constructed across the full

span of the remaining truss bridge! @%A@'A

Wooden obseration deck looking downstream (north) on the Cacapon $ier , %::'

The Capon Lake Whipple Truss 3ridge was listed on the 8ational $egister of ?istoric #laces on

>ecember *&, %:**, for its Gengineering significance as an e7cellent e7ample of a Whipple/2urphy

Truss bridge!G@;[email protected] ince its listing, the bridge has been maintained as a historic site for pedestrians by

the West irginia >iision of ?ighways >istrict &[email protected] "n %:*%, the West irginia >iision of ?ighways, in

association with the West irginia iision

of Culture and ?istory, installed a historical marker at the northwestern entry to the bridge as part of

the West irginia ?ighway ?istorical 2arker #rogram! The marker readsK@;&A

Eirst erected in *.0 as a two span bridge on 9 &: near $omney, one span was moed here in

*';. and re4erected on a new foundation! The *0 wide by *0+ long bridge is a Whipple62urphy

Truss! The states oldest e7tant metal truss, the bridge is one of a few of its type in W! Listed in the

8ational $egister of ?istoric #laces in %:**!@;&A
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Capon Lake Whipple Truss Bridge