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Capitulos 35 Imagens

Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

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Page 1: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Capitulos 35

Imagens

Page 2: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

RAIOS E FRENTES DE ONDA

FRENTES DE ONDA

RAIOS

Page 3: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Princípio de construção de Huygens

Frente de ondaanterior

Frente de ondaposterior

Frente de ondaposterior

Frente de ondaanterior

Page 4: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Raios luminosos

objeto

furo

imagem

Propagação retilínea óptica geométrica (meio isotrópico)

Page 5: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Reflexão e RefraçãoNa interface entre dois meios.

raioincidente

raiorefletido

raiorefratado

raioincidente

raiorefletido

raiorefratado

Ar

Vidro

Page 6: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Reflexão e Refração

Page 7: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

M. C. Escher

1898-1970

Page 8: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:
Page 9: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Lei da Reflexão

i r

= ri

Page 10: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

SCATTERINGdiffuse and specular

Page 11: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Lei da reflexão

Raio refletido no plano de incidência

Page 12: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Refração

Page 13: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Lei da refração

c1

c2

c1

l2 = c2∆t

2

1

l1 = c1∆t

2

f1 = f2

(ressonância forçada)

1

AB = d

Page 14: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Índice de Refração

Definição índice de refração:

Então:

ou

Page 15: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Comprimento de onda e índice de refração

Velocidade varia l varia

Por que a freqüência é invariante ?

não muda!

Page 16: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Lei da refração

(lei de Snell)

Índices de refração

Page 17: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Resultados básicos•

1

2

2

2

1

1

normal

normal

normal

n1

n1

n1

n2

n2

n2

Page 18: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Índice de refração

Material Índice de Refração* ar 1,0003diamante 2,419sílica fundida 1,458quartzo 1,418flint leve 1,655

*para 589,29 nm

n = 2.4195

http://nylander.wordpress.com/2005/01/29/diamond-light-dispersion/

Page 19: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Dispersão Cromática

Comp. de onda (nm)

Índi

ce d

e re

fraç

ão,

n

Vidro crown

Acrílico

Quartzo fundido

Equação de Cauchy :

Page 20: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Lei de refração e dispersão

1

normal

n1

n2

1

normal

n1

n2

Page 21: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Exercício : Determine o desvio d relativo ao feixe incidente.

Page 22: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Prisma

Page 23: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Arco-íris

Page 24: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Reflexão interna total

Page 25: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Reflexão interna total

quando

1

Page 26: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Fibras ópticas

Page 27: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Polarização por reflexão

Luz refletida

Parcialmente polarizada

Page 28: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Lei de Brewster

Luz incidente não-polarizada

Luz refletida polarizada

Luz Luz refratada refratada parcialmentparcialmente polarizadae polarizada

Num ângulo particular:

Page 29: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Exercícios e Problemas

Page 30: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

http://hydrogen.physik.uni-wuppertal.de/hyperphysics/hyperphysics/hbase/phyopt/fermat.html

Page 31: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:
Page 32: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Espelhos

Page 33: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

REFLEXÃO

Especular Difusa

Page 34: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Altura da imagem

Altura do objeto

Objeto(real)

Imagem(virtual)

Espelho plano

Page 35: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Espelho 2

Espelho 1

Exercicio:

Formação de imagens

Page 36: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Centro de curvatura

Page 37: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Espelho concavo

Eixo principal

Page 38: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Espelho convexo

Page 39: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Eixo principal

Page 40: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Refração

Page 41: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:
Page 42: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

vácuo n = 1

Page 43: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Aproximação paraxial

Page 44: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Lentes finas

Page 45: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Exercício :

Uma l ente convergente (n = 1,52) com distância focal de 40 cm no ar é imersa na água (n = 1,33). Qual é a distância focal na água.

f ar

f água

f água = 3,71 f ar = 148 cm

Page 46: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:
Page 47: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Exercicio: Obtenha a profundidade aparente.

Page 48: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Lentes

Page 49: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:
Page 50: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Exercicio:

Page 51: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Exercicio:

Aplique a equação :

Page 52: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:
Page 53: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Aberração

esférica cromática

Page 54: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Magnificação Angular

Page 55: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:
Page 56: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Microscópio Óptico

Objetiva ocular

Page 57: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Telescópio Óptico

ocular

Espelhoparabólico

Tipo Refletor

Page 58: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Pupila

Olho humano e lentes de correção

-

Page 59: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:
Page 60: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:
Page 61: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:
Page 62: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Rod and cone cells

Rod cells: light sensors

Used in peripherical vision and responsible for night vision

Detects black, white and shases of grey

Majoritary: more than 100 million

Cone cells: colour sensors

There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts)

Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details

Minoritary: less than 10 million

Page 63: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:
Page 64: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Sensibilidade do olho humano

Diferente para ambientes iluminados e não-iluminados

comprimento de onda (nm)

se

ns

ibil

ida

de

re

lati

va

adaptadoà luz

adaptadoao escuro

Page 65: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:
Page 66: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Daltonismo & correções ópticas

Page 67: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:
Page 68: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:
Page 69: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Adaptative optics & corrections

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_optics

Page 70: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_K._Inouye_Solar_Telescope

Page 71: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Lista de problemas

Page 72: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:
Page 73: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:
Page 74: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:

Posiçãoverdadeira

Posiçãoaparente

n0 = 1

n4 = 1.00020

θ

Estimar o ângulo θ admitindo 5 camadas com as espessurasInformadas e admitindo uma posição aparente de 30o.

n1 = 1.00001

n2 = 1.00002

n3 = 1.00005

Refração na atmosfera da Terra

10 km

20 km

30 km

40 km

0 km

Page 75: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:
Page 76: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:
Page 77: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:
Page 78: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:
Page 79: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary:
Page 80: Capitulos 35 - UFPRfisica.ufpr.br/mosca/homepage/CF112_cap35a.pdf · There are three type (RGB or SML wavelenghts) Fully functionals in bright light and percives fine details Minoritary: