CAPITALIZATION & PUNCTUATION B€¦ · The capitalization and punctuation charts are in separate files. Additionally, the charts in each file are grouped by odd and even numbers

PRODUCT CONTENTSDOUBLE-SIDED 8.5 X 5.5 TASK CARDS:

18 capitalization lessons with answer keys (24 pages/12 sheets)

24 punctuation lessons with answer keys (32 pages/16 sheets)

SINGLE-SIDED 8.5 X 11 TASK CARDS:

18 capitalization lessons with answer keys (23 pages)

24 punctuation lessons with answer keys (30 pages)

WALL CHARTS:

12 pages capitalization charts

17 pages punctuation charts

10 pages of teacher information

COPYRIGHT © READING MANIPULATIVESAll rights reserved. Published in the United States of America. No part of these materials may be usedor reproduced in any form or by any means, orstored in a retrieval system, without prior writtenpermission of the publisher. Making copies of anypart of these materials for any purpose other thanyour personal use is a violation of United Statescopyright laws.

SKILL DEVELOPMENTAll sets or cards in Reading Manipulatives products are different.Once students are introduced to the skills and shown how to do theactivity, they work independently. The individualized materials canbe used for seatwork or stations. Students work on needed skills,and teachers are freed for instruction.

MATERIALS PREPARATIONPDF pages are designed to be printed on 8.5 x 11 inch sheets.Cover-weight paper in a variety of colors is available at officesupply stores or online. Lamination is recommended.

Task cards in this product are provided in both double-sidedand single-sided formats. The contents are identical. The double-sided cards are printed two to a page (each 8.5 x 5.5 inches) andwill require 28 sheets of cover stock and lamination for the cardsand answer keys. This is the cost-effective option for producingreusable task cards. Single-sided pages pages require 53 sheets.These are provided as black-line masters for worksheets.

WALL CHARTS SUMMARIZING RULESThese readable, accordion-style wall charts summarizecapitalization and punctuation rules. Optimally, a mini-lesson oneach rule or groups of rules should be given and then the relatedcharts posted. Charts remind students of the rules and encourageaccuracy in all their written communication.

ANSWER KEYS & STUDENT CHECKLISTSAnswer keys are provided because active involvement buildsaccountability. When done thoughtfully, students learn fromchecking their work and analyzing any errors. Checklists fortracking the materials that have been completed are important forrecordkeeping. The last page of this guide is a master for studentchecklists that can be copied and cut.

Reading Manipulatives, Inc. 1725 East Mountain View Road, Phoenix, Arizona 85020-2345 www.readskill.com

CAPITALIZATION & PUNCTUATION BPRODUCT CODE: 385

Copyright © Reading Manipulatives, Inc. Capitalization & Punctuation B 5

English usage is constantly changing since there are multiple approaches for handling grammar andmechanics. Words are being added at an ever-accelerating pace. For these reasons, creating these cards to review or teach capitalization and punctuation rules was a daunting task.

Since the cards in the series have to teach the concepts, authors had to select rules to followthroughout. We compiled as many sources as possible, looked for the most widely held viewpoint, andthen used this as the “rule” for the students. The information on alternative mechanics options and trickyrules on page 7 should clarify rationale for selections. It may be acceptable to handle mechanics invarying ways, but it is unacceptable to be inconsistent in usage throughout any document. This is why it is better for students to learn a specific method and then to follow it.

CAPITALIZATION CARDSThere are 18 capitalization cards. Each card starts by summarizing a category of words that arecapitalized. Students must find the words needing capitals in the 10 sentences and write them correctlyon a sheet of paper. Only words in the lesson category on the card need capitals.

The final lesson activity is a paragraph to correct. Since this is level B, no words in the paragraphare capitalized, so students must use all capitalization rules for this activity. Consider having lessons thatreview capitalization rules prior to starting the cards, and students should have more success. The wallcharts and lessons discussed on the following page summarize all capitalization and punctuation rules.They would be helpful review for students before starting the cards.

At the end of each card, students are asked to write sentences or do another activity related to thecard. This will aid in the transfer of concepts and build writing skills. The 18 cards can be done in anyorder, even though some topics are more challenging than others.

PUNCTUATION CARDSPunctuation cards also begin with a usage summary and examples. The 24 cards cover end-of-sentencepunctuation, periods, apostrophes, commas, quotation marks, colons, hyphens, semicolons, andparentheses. Each of the cards contains 10 sentences. Students are asked to write words to be capitalizedon their papers and add punctuation related to the card topic. If punctuation is needed, they must writethe word preceding the punctuation mark, followed by the mark. This format allows students to focus onfinding the corrections and writing those correctly. Most cards have a paragraph that follows thesentences. Students write the words needing capitals and the punctuation (word followed by mark).

Punctuation rules are more challenging. Mini-lessons related to each punctuation mark would beworthwhile. Quotation marks are troublesome. The comma, due to the number of uses, should becovered in multiple lessons. The wall charts are particularly helpful for punctuation reference.

ANSWER KEYSThe answer keys for this series have the complete sentences and paragraphs. The corrections that thestudents were asked to write on their papers are underlined (both punctuation marks and capital letters).

In order for students to master these skills, they should analyze errors in responses. In actuality,carelessness is a major reason that students do not write well. They can learn the rules and apply them,but it takes interest and care. Teachers must set high standards and expectations.

CAPITALIZATION & PUNCTUATION CARDS

These accordion-style wall charts summarize the capitalization and punctuationrules. In order to make the charts as readable as possible from various vantagepoints in a classroom, the text in both the rules and examples is quite abbreviated.If introduced properly, students will use charts for reference as needed. They serveas a reminder to students of rules that teachers value and expect to be applied.

Consider posting charts in stages after mini-lessons related to the rules.Correlating them to lessons helps students to reference the charts as needed. Thereare so many rules and charts that students may not be efficient at finding what theyneed if they have not been familiarized with rules and charts in stages.

Charts remind students of the rules and help them as they are writing. Thecharts demonstrate that these skills are valued and expected. It is easier to demandthat students use proper capitalization and punctuation if they have reminders ofthe rules readily available. Refer to the charts as needed if students make errors.

WALL CHART PRINTING & ASSEMBLYThe capitalization and punctuation charts are in separate files. Additionally, thecharts in each file are grouped by odd and even numbers. If you print odd numberson one color and even on another, the rules are more readable on the wall. It wouldbe best to use a different color for the capitalization and punctuation cards. Thesesame 2 colors could then be used for the odd and even numbers in the charts.

The capitalization chart file has 6 pages of odd numbers and 6 pages of evennumbers. The punctuation chart files has 8 pages of odd numbers and 8 pages ofeven numbers. Due to the uneven number of pages (17 total), one page (p. 9)contains rules 33 and 34.

Each sheet contains two rule cards. Make a horizontal cut to separate the twocards. The lower right-hand corner of each card has a code to denote set (C-# forcapitalization, P-# for punctuation) and sequential order. Once the cuts have allbeen made, arrange the cards for capitalization (1-24) and punctuation (1-34).

Turn the cards over. Use two to three strips of tape on the backs to hold thecards of the accordion together. Leave enough space between the cards for them tobe folded into a pile for storage.

The cards can be grouped into sets in order to fit your wall space. Punctuationcharts should be grouped by punctuation marks. Place the card with the mark nameat the top, followed by the rules for that mark.

NONFICTION CONTENTIn order to engage students, the card exercises are filled with interesting facts andtrivia. We cannot guarantee that all information is true since we could not verifythe accuracy of our sources. Perhaps statements or facts that seem too far fetchedto students will motivate them to further research their validity. The Internet makesthis possible to do.

LESSONS, WALL CHARTS & CARD CONTENTS

Copyright © Reading Manipulatives, Inc. Capitalization & Punctuation B 6

USE CAPITALS FOR:

FIRST WORD IN SENTENCESentences start with capital letters.

Will you always remember this?

NAMES & INITIALSSusan B. Anthony Anne FrankGeorge W. Bush Donald Duck

TITLESPresident Lincoln Dr. Wong

Mr. P. Jones, Jr. Queen Mary

I (pronoun)I have to meet Pam after school.Did you know that I won a prize?

NAMES for RELATIVESI don’t want Mom to see my sister.(used as a name without a modifier)

ORGANIZATIONS & GROUPSU. S. Air Force Girl ScoutsDenver Broncos the Beatles

NATIONALITIES (or origin)American Texan EuropeanFrench toast (nouns or adjectives)

RACIAL & RELIGIOUSCaucasian Asian LatinoCatholic Buddhist Jew

RELIGIONS & GODChristianity Islam JudaismHoly Spirit Allah Jehovah

DAYS & MONTHSSunday Wednesday Monday

July November April

HOLIDAYSNew Year’s Day ChristmasCinco de Mayo Kwanzaa

SPECIFIC THINGSKitty Hawk Pulitzer PrizeLiberty Bell Stanley Cup

CITIES, STATES, NATIONSPhoenix Honolulu LondonArizona Hawaii England

CONTINENTS & PLANETSAfrica North America JupiterEarth (not the earth referring to land)

BUILDING & PLACE NAMESWhite House Statue of LibertyGrand Canyon Central Park

WATER & LAND NAMESPacific Ocean Mississippi RiverDeath Valley Rocky Mountains

REGIONSMuch of the Southwest is desert.

(not compass directions or adjectives)

COMPANIES & BRANDSApple General MillsMacintosh Cheerios

PLACES of BUSINESSOlive Garden Target

Mall of the Americas Sears

EVENT NAMESCivil War Information Age

Mardi Gras Boston Tea Party

Number a paper from 1–10. Find all words that need capital letters and write them correctly on your paper. Be onthe lookout for proper nouns that name people or animals.

1. Most historians now believe that beautiful mata hari, who was executed by a French firing squad in 1917, was not actually a spy.

2. When pope john paul II was chosen in 1978, he became the first non-Italian head of the RomanCatholic Church since the 1500s.

3. Fourteen hundred candidates were interviewed for the part of scarlett o’hara in Gone with the Wind.

4. English actress vivien leigh played scarlett, and clark gable was cast as the dashing rhett butler.

Capitalize names of PEOPLE (or names given to ANIMALS):

I (first person, singular pronoun) — When I am referring to myself, the word I is capitalized.

FIRST, LAST, and INITIALS — Davy Crockett, Susan B. Anthony, John F. Kennedy

TITLES (before names NOT alone or after names) — Mr. and Mrs. Field, Queen Elizabeth NOT the queen;Dr. Kelly NOT the doctor; Secretary of State Madeline Albright NOT cabinet secretaries;President Lincoln NOT the president

RELATIVES (used in place of name NOT with modifying word, such as: my, the, our, their ) —Father, Mother, Grandma, Sis, NOT her mother, their uncle, our grandparents

GROUPS and ORGANIZATIONS — the Beatles, Democratic Party, the American Red Cross

CAP–1B

Number a paper from 1–10. Find all the words that need capital letters and write them correctly on your paper. Beon the lookout for proper nouns that name people or animals.

1. frederic a. bartholdi used his mother charlotte for a model when he sculpted the Statue of Liberty.

2. president james garfield could simultaneously write Latin with one hand and Greek with the other.

3. According to the recording industry of america, elvis presley has the most (12) multi-platinum albums.

4. henry and clare booth luce, U.S. diplomat and writer, enjoyed working difficult crossword puzzles.

5. In 1786, a man was arrested and sent to prison for 50 years for whistling at queen marie antoinette.

Capitalize names of PEOPLE (or names given to ANIMALS):

I (first person, singular pronoun) — When I am referring to myself, the word I is capitalized.

FIRST, LAST, and INITIALS — Davy Crockett, Susan B. Anthony, John F. Kennedy

TITLES (before names NOT alone or after names) — Mr. and Mrs. Field, Queen Elizabeth NOT the queen;Dr. Kelly NOT the doctor; Secretary of State Madeline Albright NOT cabinet secretaries;President Lincoln NOT the president

RELATIVES (used in place of name NOT with modifying word, such as: my, the, our, their ) —Father, Mother, Grandma, Sis, NOT her mother, their uncle, our grandparents

GROUPS and ORGANIZATIONS — the Beatles, Democratic Party, the American Red Cross

CAP–2B

DOUBLE-SIDED CARDS FRONT

5. frederick arthur, known as lord stanley of preston, donated a cup in 1893 that became thechampionship trophy of the national hockey league.

6. If a mother or father chooses, they can educate children at home rather than send them to a school.

7. Members of the swiss guard at Vatican City in Rome wear a uniform designed by michelangeloin the 16th century.

8. The u.s. marines are called “leathernecks” because they once wore high, leather collars to protecttheir necks from sabers.

9. reverend j. c. cox’s 17-year-old cat, chi chi, traveled 300 miles in 3 weeks to return to him.

10. In 1986, the brookhaven national laboratory of New York estimated that acid rain causes the deaths of50,000 Americans annually.

Write all words from the following paragraph that need capital letters on your paper. Be on the lookout for propernouns that name people. Check your work.

the mad hatter in lewis carroll’s alice in wonderland is based on a tragic episode in manufacturing history.hatmakers used to use mercury, a deadly poison, to prepare felt. thousands of workers who handled thisnoxious substance exhibited a wide range of symptoms and illnesses. it is estimated that more than 10%of all workers became insane.

Write 3 to 5 sentences containing proper nouns for people.

6. A report by the senate committee on nutrition and human needs stated that improved nutrition wouldcut national health costs by one-third.

7. “Please, mother, do not embarrass me in front of my friends,” said the frustrated child.

8. abraham lincoln and stephen a. douglas were famous lawyers who never went to law school.

9. Samples taken by the national oceanic atmospheric administration show that water is 100 to 1000times more acidic since man started using fossil fuels.

10. margaret thatcher, former prime minister of Britain, often worked eighteen hours a day.

Write all words from the following paragraph that need capital letters on your paper. Be on the lookout for propernouns that name people. Check your work.

at the coronation of french emperor napoleon in 1804, a hot-air balloon was released over paris. it had a huge, gilded eagle on the gondola. the unmanned balloon drifted for days before a strong windblew it all the way to rome. it nearly hit the dome at st. peter’s basilica, then it sailed to the tomb ofemperor nero. there the golden eagle broke off and crashed into the tyrant’s coffin. napoleon believed thatthis was an omen, so he banned balloon flights. not a single air balloon was launched in france for fortyyears.

Write 3 to 5 sentences containing proper nouns for people.

CAP–1B

CAP–2B

DOUBLE-SIDED CARDS BACK

Number a paper from 1–10. Find all words that need capital letters and write them correctly on your paper. Be onthe lookout for proper nouns that are geographic names.

1. The highest large city in the world, at 11,900 feet above sea level, is la paz, bolivia, south america.

2. In July of 1861, 366 inches of rain fell in cherrapunji, india.

3. Walking, breathing catfish imported from southeastern asia have plagued people in florida ever sincethey escaped from their breeding tanks.

4. When it was active, mexico’s paricutin volcano could spew 4 million pounds of rock and lava a minute

5. The highest waterfall in the world, angel falls in venezuela, was named after American Jimmy Angel.

6. Killer bees from africa escaped from a breeding experiment in brazil, south america, in 1957, and swarms began to arrive in the united states by the mid-1990s.

7. A 17-foot-long, 4,500-pound shark harpooned off montauk point, long island, new york, in 1964 holdsthe record for the largest fish ever.

8. For more than two decades in the late 1800s, a dolphin named Pelorus Jack expertly pilotedsteamships through the perilous waters between new zealand’s two main islands.

9. John Wesley Powell, who led the first boat trip down the colorado river in the grand canyon, had onlyone arm and weighed a scant 100 pounds.

10. Diamond miners using only picks and shovels removed 25 million tons of rock and 14.5 million caratsof diamonds from a hole in kimberly, south africa.

Write all words from the following paragraph that need capital letters on your paper. Be on the lookout for propernouns that are geographic names. Check your work.

when the volcano krakatoa erupted in the east indies in 1883, the sound could be heard 3,000 miles awayin bangkok, thailand. one hundred miles away in batavia, the day became so dark that people had to uselamps. fine particles created by the blast blanketed the world for nearly two years. a thin haze of theseparticles could be seen in the night sky as far away as england.

Write 3 to 5 sentences containing proper nouns for geographic names.

Capitalize GEOGRAPHIC names:

CITIES — Phoenix, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Seattle, London, Sydney

STATES — Louisiana, New York, Wyoming, Delaware, Hawaii, West Virginia

NATIONS or COUNTRIES — United States of America, France, Canada,Japan

CONTINENTS — Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, South America

BODIES OF WATER — Pacific Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Mississippi River, Lake Erie

LAND FORMATIONS — Rocky Mountains, Kilauea volcano, Soloman Islands, Sahara desert

CAP–4B

SINGLE-SIDED CARDS/WORKSHEETS

Find all the words that need to be capitalized and write them correctly on your paper. If a punctuation mark needsto be added, write the word preceding the punctuation mark on your paper, followed by the punctuation mark.

Write the possessive or plural form of the word(s) in parentheses. Watch for joint ownership.

1. the most prevalent statue in the united states is of sacajewa, (lewis and clark) female indian guide

2. (orville) and (wilbur) first flight in their motorized biplane lasted 12 seconds

3. if examining fingernails, a woman will usually examine (her) with (her) palm down and a man willexamine (his) by curling (his) fingers palm up

4. henry (ford) first model t was introduced in 1908, and 15 million (model t) had been built by 1927

APOSTROPHES – Possessives

Possessive Pronouns Never use apostrophes with his, hers, theirs, ours, yours, its. (it is – it’s)

Possessives with more than one Determine whether ownership is individual or joint.INDIVIDUAL (’s after each name) Mark’s and Bob’s cars Mother’s and Father’s jobsJOINT (’s after last name) Jill, Sue, and Mary’s Girl Scout troop Tom and Andy’s house

Plurals of numbers and letters Do not use an apostrophe since there is no ownership.1900s, 1950s, 1990s, 2000s, 20s ABCs, Ps and Qs, M&Ms, Ph.D.s

Avoid using possessives with inanimate objects (river’s current). Use OF instead (current of the river).


Be sure to use commas when there is a series of three of more items.

1. turtles snakes crocodiles alligators frogs porpoises dolphins and whales will drown if kept underwaterfor too long

2. guinea pigs were used by the incas for food in sacrifices and as household pets

3. forensic scientists can determine a person’s sex age and race from a single strand of hair

4. potatoes maize sweet potatoes squash avocados tomatoes peppers peanuts cashews chocolatepineapples papayas strawberries mulberries and many kinds of beans were developed by farmers in the andes mountains of south america

COMMAS – Words or word groups in a series of three or more items

Use between each item in the series, including before the andSome writers may not use the last comma, but using it is always correct. Use to assure consistency.

Periods, question marks, and exclamation points are punctuation marks used to end sentences.

The English Beatles were George Harrison, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, and Ringo Starr.

PUN–5B

PUN–6B

DOUBLE-SIDED CARDS FRONT

5. black americans won additional civil rights because of (martin luther king) tireless efforts during the(1950) and (1960)

6. (barnum) and (bailey) circus was the one of the most popular forms of entertainment in the late (1800)

7. (nevada) and (arizona) populations had the most significant growth between 1990 and 2000

8. (venus) and (sabrina) trophies prove that the williams sisters are among the best women tennisplayers

9. (peter), (paul), and (mary) albums of popular folk songs propelled them to fame

10. the (M) in m&m candy come from the (inventors) last names, mars and murrie

Write the following plural possessives in sentences. Punctuate properly to show individual or joint ownership.

JOINT OWNERSHIP: INDIVIDUAL OWNERSHIPMary and Sue have a dog, Sadie Tim and Kent have reportsJen and Dennis have a wedding United States and Mexico have leaders

5. the human nose cleans warms and humidifies over 500 cubic feet of air every day

6. a hummingbird weighs less than a penny has a body temperature of 111 degrees and beats its wingsmore than 75 times per second

7. the historical characters most often featured in movies are napoleon bonaparte in 194 jesus christ in152 and abraham lincoln in 137

8. a hippopotamus secretes red mucus through its skin when it exerts itself gets angry or stays out ofwater for too long

9. of the fresh water on earth, over 77 percent is locked into ice caps and glaciers 20 percent isunderground and only 3 percent is in rivers and lakes

10. the internet connects computers around the world and allows users to find information send email playgames chat and shop


in the 1800s, english women wore wigs that were sometimes four feet high. the headdresses were dustedwith flour and decorated with stuffed birds garden flowers plates of fruit or feathers. the wigs were soelaborate that women often wore them for months. it was fortunate that taxation made the wig craze dieout. can you imagine how uncomfortable and hazardous these hairpieces were?

PUN–5B

PUN–6B

DOUBLE-SIDED CARDS BACK


Be on the lookout for the missing comma between two adjectives.

1. uncomfortable ill-fitting shoes were common before king george IV of england ordered the first set ofboots fitted for both feet

2. ruthless aggressive genghis khan’s soldiers killed 1,748,000 people at nishapur in one hour in 1221

3. high-fiber sweet potatoes are actually tuberous roots of a tropical vine

4. the oldest and only surviving wonder of the ancient world is the colossal 4000-year-old pyramids ingiza, egypt

5. the strong treacherous jaws of the crocodile are 200 times more powerful than human jaws

6. chinese legend says that tea was first drunk in 2737 b.c. when leaves from a wild tea bush fell intoemperor shen nung’s boiling drinking water

7. joseph and etienne montgolfier made the first balloon flight near paris in their beautiful ornate balloon

8. nile crocodiles are gentle conscientious mothers who carry hatchlings within their deadly jaws

9. james earl jones has a deep melodic voice, yet he once had a severe stuttering problem

10. the american kennel association keeps track of registered purebred dogs in the united states


did you know that penicillin was discovered by accident in 1928? alexander fleming went on vacation,leaving a dish with bacteria growing in it. while he was gone, pennicillium mold spore contaminated thedish. fleming returned and noticed that the mold had stopped the growth of the germs. this cost-effectivewonder drug fights infectious diseases and has saved millions of lives.

COMMAS – Between two adjectives when the word and can be inserted

Intelligent, imaginative Albert Einstein had profound impact on science. (intelligent and imaginative)

Skiers and snowboarders visit Colorado’s enormous winter resorts. (NOT enormous and winter)

PUN–7B

SINGLE-SIDED CARDS/WORKSHEETS

Documents

CAPITALIZATION & PUNCTUATION B€¦ · The capitalization and punctuation charts are in separate files. Additionally, the charts in each file are grouped by odd and even numbers