C a p i t a l E T e a c h i n g R e s o u r c e

Songs of the Sea teachers’ resource is proudly sponsored by

The New Zealand Seafood Industry Counci l

w w w . s e a f o o d . c o . n z

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Introduction........................................................................................................ . 3.

Curriculum.Links................................................................................................. . 5-9

Section.1.

Fish.Information.................................................................................................. . 10

Under.the.Sea.-.short.unit.................................................................................... . 13

Section.2

Fish.and.other.Sea.Animals.................................................................................. . 15-25..Section.3

The.Whole.Picture............................................................................................... . 26

Seas.At.Risk........................................................................................................ . 27

Pollution.Solutions............................................................................................... . 28

Seabirds.At.Risk................................................................................................... . 29

Fishing............................................................................................................... . 29-31

Commonly.asked.Questions................................................................................. . 32

Section.4

Myths................................................................................................................. . 33

What.Are.Myths?................................................................................................. . 33

Myths.of.Songs.of.the.Sea.................................................................................... . 33

Maori.Mythology................................................................................................. . 34-36

Aboriginal.Mythology........................................................................................... . 36

Greek.Mythology................................................................................................. . 37

Mermaids........................................................................................................... . 37

Sea.Serpents.and.Monsters.................................................................................. . 38

Myths.Unit.......................................................................................................... . 39-40

.Section.5

Suggested.Activities............................................................................................. . 41-44

Section.6

References.......................................................................................................... . 45-47

Appendix.-.Music.from.Songs.of.the.Sea................................................................ . 48-61

Contents

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IntroductionCapital.E.National.Theatre.for.Children.tours.its.productions.to.theatre.venues.nationally.

Songs of the Sea.is.a.story.of.creation,.written.by.Peter.Wilson.with.delightful.music.com-posed.by.Stephen.Gallagher.

“New Zealand is surrounded by the sea. We can not help but notice it,” says Peter. “In summer we play by the sea, sometimes we explore the rock pools left by the high tide. In the winter we often go walking by the sea. Since time began, people have told stories about the sea, about fish, about boats.”

Peter’s.story.uses.simple.elements.which.children.recognise.to.create.all.the.creatures.in.the.sea..To.start,.the.sea.is.a.giant.mirror.reflecting.the.sun,.moon.and.stars.–.thus.creating.the.sunfish,.moonfish.and.starfish.–.all.found.in.New.Zealand.waters....

“When we see shooting stars in the night sky, it is like they are falling into the sea to be-come starfish. The milky way is like a giant sea of stars in the night sky, I used this sea of stars to invent the shaper in his magical sky boat traveling from planet to planet.”

“I had fantastic fun using my imagination to create all the songs or stories of the sea. When you next go swimming in the sea, walk along the beach or play in a rock pool I am sure you can make up your own stories.”

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The.four.main.characters.in.the.Songs of the Sea.are.the.four.actors.who.tell.us.the.story.or.sing.us.the.songs...They.play.four.children.who.discover.a.large.conch.shell.while.playing.in.a.rock.pool.by.the.sea...Holding.the.shell.up.to.their.ears,.each.of.them.can.hear.the.sound.of.the.sea.caught.inside.the.shell...The.sea.tells.them.each.a.story:

V The.story.of.how.the.moonfish,.sunfish.and.starfish.were.made.

V The.story.of.where.shellfish.come.from.

V The.story.of.how.the.fish.in.the.sea.got.their.magnificent.colours.

V The.story.of.how.of.how.all.the.strange.creatures.in.the.sea.came.into.

being:.the.crabs,.the.seahorse.and.the.crayfish.

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Links to the New Zealand

CurriculumThe Arts – DramaAchievement ObjectivesLevel 1.Developing Ideas in Drama

Students.will.contribute.ideas.and.participate.in.drama,.using.personal.experiences.and.imagination.

Understanding Drama in ContextStudents.will.identify.drama.as.part.of.everyday.life.and.recognise.that.it.serves.a.vari-ety.of.purposes.

v Develop.and.share.a.scene.about.a.personal.celebration...Use.facial.expressions,.sounds.and.body.movement.to.express.feelings.in.the.scene...Talk.about.features.of.the.scene.that.convey.a.sense.of.cel-ebration.

v Collect,.display,.and.label.a.selection.of.pictures.that.show.drama.oc-curring.in.a.variety.of.situations.(e.g.,.a.theatre,.local.festival,.puppet.show,.television.programme).

v Make.body.shapes.in.pairs.or.groups.to.express.contrasting.moods,.ideas,.or.relationships.in.a.competitive.event.(e.g.,.winning.and.los-ing,.excitement.and.nervousness)..

The Arts – Visual ArtAchievement ObjectivesLevel 1

Developing Practical Knowledge in the Visual Arts

Students.will.explore.elements.and.principles.of.the.Visual.Arts,.using.a.variety.of.tech-niques,.tools,.materials,.processes,.and.procedures.

v Use.imagination.to.create.drawings.and.paintings.in.response.to.a.story.heard...Explore.and.use.the.elements.of.line.and.shape.in.ex-pressive.ways.and.select.and.mix.colours.to.represent.characters.and.moods.in.the.story.

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Experiment.with.a.range.of.wet.and.dry.media.and.found.materi-als.to.create.lines.and.marks.that.have.different.qualities...De-scribe.the.lines.and.marks.used.by.class.members.and.suggest.the.feelings.that.these.lines.and.marks.might.express.

EnglishLevel.1

Oral Language - MythsStudents should:

Listening Interpersonal ListeningListen.and.respond.to.others.Listening to textsListen.and.respond.to.texts.and.relate.them.to.personal.experience.

SpeakingInterpersonal SpeakingConverse,.and.talk.about.personal.experiences.Using TextsTell.a.story,.recite,.or.read.aloud.

Listening and Speaking ProcessesIn.achieving.the.objectives.of.understanding.and.using.oral.language,.students.should:

Exploring LanguageIdentify,.describe,.and.use.some.commonly.used.verbal.and.non-verbal.features.in.a.range.of.texts,.and.begin.to.adapt.spoken.language.to.an.audi-ence.Thinking CriticallyIdentify,.clarify.and.question.meanings.in.spoken.texts,.drawing.on.personal.background,.knowledge.and.experience.Processing InformationAsk.questions,.and.listen.to,.interpret,.and.present.information,.using.appropri-ate.technology.

Written LanguageStudents.should:

Reading Personal ReadingSelect.and.read.for.enjoyment.and.information.a.range.of.written.texts.Close ReadingRespond.to.language.and.meaning.in.texts.

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WritingExpressive WritingWrite.spontaneously.to.record.personal.experiences.Poetic WritingWrite.on.a.variety.of.topics,.beginning.to.shape.ideas.Transactional WritingWrite.instructions.and.recount.events.in.authentic.contexts.

Reading and Writing ProcessesIn.achieving.the.objectives.of.understanding.and.using.written.language,.students.should:

Exploring LanguageExplore.choices.made.by.writers,.and.identify.and.use.the.common.conventions.of.writing.and.organising.of.text.which.affect.understanding.Thinking CriticallyIdentify.and.express.meanings.in.written.texts,.drawing.on.personal.background,.knowledge,.and.experience.Processing InformationIdentify,.retrieve,.record.and.present.coherent.information,.using.more.than.one.source.and.type.of.technology,.and.describing.the.process.used.

Visual Language

Students.should:ViewingReading.visual.and.dramatic.texts,.including.static.and.moving.images,.students.should:Respond.to.meanings.and.ideas.

PresentingUsing.static.and.moving.images,.students.should:Present.ideas.using.simple.layouts.and.drama.

Viewing and Presenting processesIn.achieving.the.objectives.of.understanding.and.using.visual.language,.students.should:

Exploring LanguageUnderstand.that.communication.involves.verbal.and.visual.features.which.have.con-ventionally.accepted.meanings.Thinking CriticallyShow.awareness.of.how.words.and.images.can.be.combined.to.make.meaning.Processing InformationView.and.use.visual.texts.to.gain.and.present.information,.become.familiar.with.and.use.appropriate.technologies,.and.write.letter.and.number.forms.legibly.to.present.ideas.

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Science..Making Sense of Planet Earth and Beyond – Ocean Environment

Achievement ObjectivesStudents.can:Level.1.1/4.Share.their.ideas.about.some.easily.observable.features.and.patterns.that.occur.in.their.physical.environment.and.how.some.of.these.features.may.be.protected,.e.g.,.hills, beaches, rivers, cliffs, weather, seasons, tides.

3.Share.their.ideas.about.objects.in.space.and.about.very.noticeable.envi-ronmental.patterns.associated.with.these.objects.e.g.,.moon, sun, stars, day and night, seasons.

Making Sense of the Living World:

Achievement Objectivesv distinguish.between.living.things.within.broad.groups.on.the.basis.of.differences.established.by.investigating.external.characteristics;

v investigate.special.features.of.common.animals.and.plants.and.describe.how.these.help.them.to.stay.alive.

Science in the New Zealand Curriculum (Level 3) p 58

.Making Sense of the Nature of Science and its Relationshipto Technology:

Achievement Objectivesv investigate.and.describe.how.simple.items.of.technology.work;

v investigate.the.way.common.items.of.technology.have.de-veloped.

Science.in.the.New.Zealand.Curriculum.(Level.2).p.28

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Social Studies

Place and Environment – Ocean Environment

Aim:

Students will understand:1..People’s.interaction.with.places.and.the.environment

2..The.ways.in.which.people.represent.and.interpret.place.and.environment.

Achievement ObjectivesLevel.1

v Why.particular.places.are.important.for.people;

v How.and.why.people.record.the.important.features.of.places.and.environment.

Culture and Heritage - Myths

Aim:

Students will understand:1..The.contribution.of.culture.and.heritage.to.identity.

Achievement ObjectivesLevel.1

v Features.of.the.culture.and.heritage.of.their.own.and.other.groups.

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Section 1

Fish Information.The.following.information.is.designed.to.assist.learning.about.the.main.types.of.fish.and.creatures.found.in.the.show.and.in.New.Zealand.waters...It.also.includes.a.brief.intro-duction.to.the.sunfish.and.moonfish.characters.

Did you know…

i..Fish.are.animals.that.live.in.water.and.breathe.using.gills..Water.goes.in.through.the.mouth.and.out.through.the.gills,.which.take.oxygen.from.the.water..Most.fish.swim.by.moving.their.tail.(also.called.the.caudal.fin).left.and.right..

i..There.are.many.kinds.of.fish;.some.have.bones.but.others,.like.sharks.and.rays.have.no.bones,.only.cartilage..

i..The.biggest.fish.in.the.world.is.the.whale.shark;.it.is.a.shark.but.not.a.whale..The.whale.shark.is.up.to.46.feet.(14.m).long.and.weighs.up.to.15.tons.

Focus/thinking questions about fish:

i...What.do.fish.do.all.day?i...What.do.they.eat?i...What/who.eats.fish?i...What.would.happen.if.we.took.all.of.the.fish.out.of.the.water?i ..Why.do.fish.need.water?i...How.do.fish.move.through.the.water?i...Do.fish.have.bones?i...What.does.a.fish.feel.like.to.touch?i...How.old.do.you.think.fish.live.to.be?

How Fish SwimA.fish.is.a.good.shape.to.move.through.water...Inside.the.fish.is.a.skeleton.of.bones..Be-tween.the.backbone.and.the.skin.of.a.fish.are.its.muscles...These.muscles.move.the.tail.from.side.to.side...Muscles.are.the.part.of.the.fish.that.we.eat...

A.fish.moves.forward.when.the.tail.and.tail.fin.are.moved.from.side.to.side...The.fish.moves.forward.because.its.tail.pushes.back.against.the.water...Fish.use.their.fins.to.help.them.swim.straight,.stop,.change.direction.and.go.backwards..Side.fins.help.fish.bal-ance,.brake.and.turn...Top.fin.(dorsal).stops.the.fish.rolling..The.bottom.fin.helps.fish.balance,.brake.and.turn...Tail.fin.moves.the.fish.forward.

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12

Suggested activities about Fish

i..Buy.a.whole.fish..Feel.the.skin,.scales,.fins,.teeth.and.eyes.and.find.the.skeleton,.gills.and.gut..Children.could.label.a.drawing.of.the.outside.of.the.fish.

i..Children.can.look.at.a.fish.scale.using.a.magnifying.glass.and.draw.the.pattern.they.see.

i..Children.could.gather.pictures.of.animals.they.know.live.in.the.sea...Label.all.of.the.sea.animals.they.know.now,.and.return.to.this.at.the.end.of.the.unit.of.work.to.compare.what.they.have.learnt...Discuss.the.names.of.other.sea.animals.or.groups.of.sea.animals.they.have.pictures.of.(for.example,.dolphins,.starfish,.crabs)?.Display.

i..Display.the.New.Zealand.Commercial.Fish.Species.poster.(available.from.the.New.Zealand.Seafood.Industry.Council)..Discuss.as.a.class.what.com-mon.features.all.fish.have.and.list.them..Predict.which.fish.are.fast.swim-mers.and.which.fish.are.slow.swimmers..Why.do.they.think.so?.Discuss.which.fish.might.live.in.deep.and.shallow.water.

i..Children.could.make.a.sea.animal.by.drawing.each.side.of.an.animal,.glu-ing.and.stapling.the.pieces.together,.stuffing.with.newspaper.and.decorat-ing.

i..Watch.fish.swimming.in.an.aquarium,.at.a.pet.shop.or.on.a.video..Children.could.draw.a.fish.swimming.and.describe.what.they.think.is.hap-pening.Discuss.how.the.fish.might.change.direction,.stop.and.go.backwards.

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Under the Sea Short Unit

Art/Science ActivityChildren.will.create.an.undersea.environment.in.their.classroom.while.researching.interest-ing.facts.about.their.favorite.sea.creatures..

WHAT YOU NEED F..Crayons,.colored.pencils,.markers.F..Crepe.paper.(blue,.green,.red,.yellow,.pink).F..Paper.plates.F..Construction.paper.F..Index.cards.F..Yarn.or.string.F..Books.or.magazines.with.pictures.or.illustrations.of.fish.

WHAT TO DO 1...Tell.children.that.over.the.next.week.they.will.all.work.together.to.turn.the.classroom.into.an.undersea.environment.and.teach.each.other.more.about.the.creatures.that.live.in.the.sea.

2...Discuss.with.children.the.different.kinds.of.sea.creatures.they.have.learned.about.so.far.and.ask.them.to.choose.their.favorites..On.the.board.or.chart.paper,.list.each.child's.name.and.favorite.sea.creature..Then.explain.to.children.that.during.the.next.week.they.are.to.find.out.as.much.as.they.can.about.their.favorite.sea.creature.so.they.can.tell.the.class.about.it.at.the.end.of.the.week..Suggest.to.children.that.they.write.interesting.facts.about.their.sea.creature.on.index.cards..Children.may.also.want.to.make.illustrations.to.help.them.describe.their.favorite.sea.creature..Provide.books.and.magazines.for.the.children.to.look.through.and.arrange.for.them.to.have.some.research.time.in.the.school.library..

3...Then.begin.to.decorate.the.classroom.by.hanging.blue.and.green.crepe.paper.across.the.room.to.create.the.sea.water..Then.have.children.draw.and.cut.out.a.picture.of.their.favorite.fish.or.other.sea.creature..Make.sure.that.children.decorate.both.sides.of.their.fish..Then.hang.the.fish.from.the.ceiling.or.display.them.around.the.classroom.walls..Continue.to.create.an.undersea.world.in.the.classroom.by.using.some.or.all.of.the.following.ideas..

4...Children.can.make.jellyfish.by.coloring.paper.plates.and.hanging.red,.yellow,.and/or.pink.crepe.paper.tentacles.from.the.plates..Hang.the.jellyfish.from.the.ceiling.so.they.look.like.they.are.floating.in.the.water.

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5...Brainstorm.with.children.things.that.might.be.found.on.the.ocean.floor,.such.as.a.coral.reef,.an.octopus.cave,.a.sunken.ship,.a.lobster.trap..You.can.decorate,.or.sim-ply.refer.to,.areas.in.your.classroom.as.these.undersea.landmarks..For.example,.the.reading.corner.may.become.a.coral.reef.(pipe.cleaners.can.be.used.to.make.coral),.a.bookshelf.could.become.a.sunken.ship..

6...Invite.children.to.bring.in.any.sea.shells.they.may.have.at.home.to.display.around.the.room..You.may.want.to.bring.in.some.tapes.of.ocean.sounds.to.play.in.the.back-ground.during.the.week..

7...At.the.end.of.the.week.have.children.share.with.each.other.what.they.have.learned.about.their.favorite.sea.creature..You.may.want.to.celebrate.with.a.special.snack,.such.as.saltwater.taffy.or.crackers.shaped.like.fish..

TEACHING OPTIONS You.may.want.to.expand.this.activity.into.a.project.that.extends.over.two.weeks,.giv-ing.children.more.time.to.do.research.and.to.better.decorate.the.room.

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Section 2

Fish and other sea animal Facts Sunfish – Te Ika Ra (Mola)Character in the show:The.sunfish.in.Songs of the Sea.is.the.father.of.all.fish...The.sunfish.is.a.very.large.yellow.fish,.he.is.almost.one.metre.across.and.one.metre.long...He.is.flat.with.hardly.any.tail,.so.that.when.people.first.saw.him.they.thought.he.was.a.sun.floating.in.the.sea..

Did you know…T..The.sunfish.(also.called.the.mola).is.a.large.ocean.fish.found.in.warm.and.temperate.oceans..

T..It.has.an.almost.circular,.flattened.body..

T..This.unusual.fish.swims.by.flapping.its.long.pectoral.and.dorsal.fins;.the.caudal.fin.is.used.as.a.rudder.(for.steering)..

T..Some.sunfish.have.been.seen.floating.on.their.sides.at.the.top.of.the.sea;.they.may.be.using.the.sun.to.heat.themselves.up..

Facts: T..The.sunfish.grows.to.be.about.10.ft.(3.m).long,.but.some.up.to.13.ft.(4.m).have.been.seen..

T..It.weighs.up.to.2.tons...

T The.head.is.almost.a.third.of.the.total.body.length..The.small.mouth.has.large.fused.teeth.in.the.front..

T The.sunfish.is.a.carnivore.(meat-eater).that.eats.jellyfish,.comb-jellies,.and.some.crustaceans..

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Moonfish - Te Ika Marama Character in the show:Moonfish.in.the.Songs of the Sea.is.the.mother.of.all.fish...The.moonfish.is.also.a.very.large.fish.but.not.as.big.as.the.sunfish..The.moonfish.displays.all.the.colours.of.the.sky.from.silver.through.to.a.dash.of.red.and.blue..When.swimming.in.the.sea,.she.looks.like.a.crescent.moon,.which.is.why.she.was.called.a.moonfish..

Did you know…T..Moonfish.have.a.very.deep,.thin,.sharp-edged.body.

T..They.are.essentially.blue.and.green.in.colour,.with.silver.spots,.red.fins.and.jaws..

T..Average.size.80.-120cm.

T..They.like.to.live.in.warm.seas.off.the..east.coast.of.America.from.Uruguay.to.Cape.Cod,.straying.to.Nova.Scotia.and.can.be.commonly.found.from.Chesapeake.Bay.southward.

Snapper – TamureBackground InformationSnapper.are.caught.commercially.by.long.lining,.set.netting.and.inshore.trawling..Thereare.limits.set.on.the.number.of.snapper.both.recreational.and.commercial.fisher.peoplecan.catch.to.ensure.that.the.population.numbers.of.snapper.are.maintained.Adult.snapper.are.usually.between.30–50.cm.long.and.weigh.between.1.5.kg.and.2.5.kg.A.very.old.snapper.could.live.to.be.60.years.old,.grow.to.one.metre.long,.and.weigh.atleast.16.kg..Old.snapper.look.very.different.to.young.adult.snapper.

Did you know…I..Snapper.are.fish.that.live.in.the.sea.around.the.North.Island.and.the.northern.part.of.the.South.Island...

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I..They.have.a.Mäori.name,.tämure...They.have.a.scientific.name,.hrysophrys.auratus...

I..A.snapper.can.swim.at.8.km.per.hour.for.short.bursts,.and.2.5.km.per.hour.for.longer.periods.

I..When.they.are.eggs.or.small.fish.they.are.eaten.by.bigger.fish...Adult.snapper.are.eaten.by.people..Snapper.are.a.traditional.seafood.eaten.by.Maori.

I They.spend.time.resting,.swimming,.looking.for.mates.and.spawning.(produc-ing.eggs),.and.avoiding.being.caught...Snapper.avoid.being.eaten.by.staying.camouflaged.in.hiding.places.on.the.rocky.bottom.of.the.sea...

Facts: I Snapper.are.suited.or.adapted.to.living.in.the.sea...Their.body.shape.and.fins.help.them.to.swim.fast...

I..Snapper.have.a.tough.skin.covered.with.scales.on.the.outside...Snapper.can.see.well.in.the.water.and.we.think.they.see.in.colour...They.also.have.a.sense.of.smell...They.know.where.they.are.and.what.is.in.the.water.around.them.be-cause.they.feel.vibrations.in.the.water.

I..They.are.coastal.fish.that.live.20.to.100.metres.down.on.a.muddy.or.sandy.sea.floor.

I..Snapper.eat.shellfish,.sea.urchins,.crabs,.worms.and.dead.animals.on.the.sea.floor...They.can.also.eat.small.living.fish..They.have.rounded.teeth.to.crush.their.food...Snapper.spend.most.of.their.time.looking.for.food...

I..Like.other.fish.and.sea.animals,.there.are.rules.about.how.many.snapper.people.can.catch.so.there.will.always.be.enough.for.the.future.

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Starfish – PatangaroaBackground InformationCushion.star.sea.stars,.sea.urchins.and.sand.dollars.all.belong.to.the.same.group.called.echinoderms.

Did you know…I Starfish.can.re-grow.their.arms..

I .They.have.a.very.simple.life.cycle..

I .Most.starfish.are.predators..

I .Starfish.move.by.using.a.waterpumping.system..This.is.connected.to.their.feet...

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I .The.most.common.starfish.are.cushion.stars..

I .You.will.find.them.in.rock.pools..They.cling.tightly.to.rocks.or.under.stones..

Facts:I .The.female.lays.eggs.in.the.water..

I The.male.releases.millions.of.sperm.which.fertilises.the.eggs.

I .They.draw.water.in.and.pump.it.out.to.lengthen.or.shorten.their.feet..This.enables.them.to.climb.and.cling.to.rocks..

I They.have.five.arms..

I Their.colours.range.from.yellow.to.purple..Greyish.green.is.the.most.usual.colour.

I They.have.tube.feet.tipped.with.suckers..These.are.on.the.underside.of.their.arms.

I .They.browse.on.filmy.green.seaweeds.and.digest.them.by.extruding.their.stomach.over.them..They.also.feed.on.matter.found.on.the.bottom.of.the.sandy.pools..

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Sun Stars

Did you know…I Sun.stars.love.to.eat.mussel...They.hold.the.mussel.in.their.arms.and.pull.it.apart.with.hundreds.of.their.feet.working.in.relays..

I At.the.same.time.the.starfishes.stomach.also.secrets.an.acid.fluid.which.puts.the.mussel.to.sleep..

I When.the.mussel.is.pulled.apart.the.starfish.extrudes.its.stomach.through.its.mouth.and.digests.the.mussel..

Sea Horse - Manaia

Did you know…I .Sea.horses.are.small.fish.that.have.armored.plates.all.over.their.body..

I There.are.about.50.different.spe-cies.of.sea.horses.around.the.world..

I They.live.in.seaweed.beds.in.warm.water..

I .Sea.horses.range.in.size.from.two.inches.(5.cm).long.(the.dwarf.sea.horse).to.about.1.foot.(30.cm).long..

I The.most.unusual.seahorse.is.the.Australian.sea.horse,.which.has.leaf-like.camouflage.all.over.its.body,.making.it.almost.disappear.in.the.seaweed.bed..

Facts:

I The.female.sea.horse.produces.eggs,.but.they.are.held.inside.the.male's.body.until.they.hatch;.he.is.pregnant.for.about.40.to.50.days..

I The.sea.horse.is.the.only.creature.in.which.the.father.is.pregnant..

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Queen Conch or Pink Conch - Putatara

Did you know…F The.queen.conch.or.pink.conch.is.a.gastropod,.a.soft-bodied.type.of.mollusk.that.is.protected.by.a.very.hard.shell..This.invertebrate.(animal.without.a.back-bone).is.found.in.warm.shallow.waters.in.grass-beds.of.the.Caribbean.Sea..

F .Conches.are.eaten.by.many.animals,.including.rays.and.people..The.beautiful.shell.is.also.collected.by.people;.the.shell.is.also.used.for.jewelry.and.for.conch.trumpets..The.queen.conch.is.a.relatively.slow-growing.animal..

Facts:

F The.queen.conch.has.a.large,.spiral.shell.often.lined.in.pink..

F The.conch's.mantle,.a.thin.layer.of.tissue.located.between.the.body.and.the.shell,.creates.the.shell..

F The.conch.builds.the.hard.shell.from.calcium.carbonate.that.it.extracts.from.the.seas..

F The.shell.is.up.to.1.foot.(30.cm).long..

F The.lip.of.the.shell.is.flared.and.there.are.spines.to.deter.its.many.predators..

F The.body.is.divided.into.the.head,.the.visceral.mass,.and.the.foot.(which.is.small)..

F The.conch.has.two.pairs.of.tentacles.on.the.head.used.for.the.sense.of.smell.and.the.sense.of.touch..

F The.small.operculum.(which.is.like.a.trap.door).is.located.on.the.foot.and.looks.a.bit.like.(and.works.like).a.claw..

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F Young.conchs.can.bury.themselves.in.the.sand.when.they.are.in.danger..

F Conches.eat.grasses,.algae,.and.floating.organic.debris..

F They.eat.using.a.radula,.a.rough.tongue-like.organ.that.has.thousands.of.tiny.denticles.(tooth-like.protrusions)..

.

Crabs

Common Rock Crab - Papaka.

Did you know…F Crabs.are.10-legged.animals.that.walk.sideways..

F There.are.almost.5,000.different.species.of.crabs;.about.4,500.are.true.crabs,.plus.about.500.are.hermit.crabs.(hermit.crabs.don't.have.a.very.hard.shell.and.use.other.animals'.old.shells.for.protection)..

F .Most.crabs.live.in.the.oceans,.but.many,.like.the.robber.crab,.live.on.land..

Facts: F .A.crab’s.shell.is.called.a.carapace.

F .It.protects.its.soft.body.from.predators.

F Its.large.claws.are.used.for.catching.and.killing.prey.

F..Crabs.have.five.pairs.of.jointed.legs..If.a.crab.looses.a.leg.it.can.grow.a.new.one.

F .Crabs.eyes.are.carried.on.stalks..Some.crabs.have.long.eye.stalks.and.others.are.very.short..

F .Crabs.breathe.with.gills..They.take.water.in.to.the.gill.chamber.under.the.carapace.through.pairs.of.slits.near.the.base.of.their.legs..Water.passes.out.through.openings.in.the.mouth.frame.

F..As.crabs.grow.too.big.for.their.skeleton.they.molt..The.skeleton.splits.and.the.crab.carefully.edges.its.way.out..Its.new.soft.skeleton.is.underneath..

F .Crabs.have.to.be.very.careful.at.this.time.in.case.their.predators.find.them..

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F .The.biggest.crab.is.the.Japanese.spider.crab.which.lives.on.the.floor.of.the.north.Pacific.Ocean;.it.has.a.12.ft.(3.7.m).leg.span..

F..The.biggest.land.crab.is.the.coconut.crab.which.lives.on.islands.in.the.Pacific.Ocean;.it.has.a.leg.span.up.to.2.5.ft.(75.cm)..

F Many.crabs.are.omnivores.(plant-.and.meat-eaters),.others.are.carni-vores.(meat-eaters),.and.some.are.herbivores.(plant-eaters)..

F .Crabs.are.invertebrates,.animals.without.a.backbone..They.have.an.exoskeleton.(also.called.a.carapace),.an.outer.shell.that.both.protects.them.from.predators.and.provides.support..

F .These.crustaceans.have.ten.jointed.legs,.two.of.which.have.large,.grasping.claws.(called.pincers.or.chelipeds)..They.have.a.flattened.body,.two.feelers.(antennae),.and.two.eyes.located.at.the.ends.of.stalks..

F..Marine.crabs.breathe.underwater.using.gills,.which.are.located.in.two.cavities.under.the.carapace..

F .True.land.crabs.have.enlarged,.modified.cavities.that.act.like.lungs.so.that.the.land.crabs.can.breathe.air..

Hermit Crab

Did you know…F .Hermit.crabs.do.not.have.a.tough.protective.skin.like.other.crusta-ceans..

F..They.find.empty.shells.to.live.in..As.they.grow.too.big.for.the.shell.they.are.living.in.they.move.out.to.a.bigger.shell.

F Hermit.crabs.are.very.common.in.rock.pools.

F .You.will.find.them.scampering.along.the.bottom.of.the.pool.scavenging.for.food..

F If.you.touch.the.shell.they.will.quickly.hide.inside.until.it.is.safe.to.come.out..

F Hermit.crabs.are.not.true.crabs.

Rock Lobster

Did you know…F Another.name.for.rock.lobster.is.crayfish...The.Mäori.name.is.koura.and.it.has.a.scientific.name.Jaxus.edwardsii.

F .Rock.lobster.have.eyes.that.stick.up.on.stalks.and.antennae.that.wave.about.and.detect.what.is.happening.in.water..

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F They.have.a.strong.sense.of.smell.

F Rock.lobster.can.swim.backwards.but.mostly.they.walk.along.the.sea.floor.

F .If.a.rock.lobster.has.lost.a.leg.or.antenna.it.will.grow.new.ones.when.it.grows.its.new.shell.

F Rock.lobster.are.a.traditional.seafood.eaten.by.Maori.

F If.you.catch.rock.lobster.you.need.to.know.about.the.legal.limits.on.the.size.they.must.be.before.you.take.them.

Facts: F Rock.lobster.are.found.in.caves.or.crevices.on.the.bottom.of.the.rocky.sea.floor.all.around.New.Zealand.

F Rock.lobster.stay.safe.inside.their.caves.during.the.day.and.come.out.to.feed.at.night.

F A.rock.lobster.must.lose.its.hard.shell.to.grow.bigger...This.is.called.moulting...The.rock.lobster.goes.into.a.cave.or.crevice.and.moults...Un-derneath.is.a.new.larger.soft.shell..The.rock.lobster.must.stay.hidden.for.the.next.few.days.until.the.new.shell.gets.hard.

F They.eat.cockles,.päua,.mussels.and.shellfish,.and.sometimes.dead.and.decaying.fish.and.shellfish.

F Rock.lobsters.have.appendages.or.limbs.around.their.mouth.to.tear.off.bits.of.food.and.put.them.into.their.mouths.

F A.rock.lobster.will.be.5.to.10.years.old.when.it.is.large.enough.to.be.caught..No-one.can.take.a.female.rock.lobster.from.the.sea.if.it.is.car-rying.eggs.

F Like.other.sea.animals.and.fish,.there.are.rules.about.how.many.rock.lobster.people.can.catch.so.there.will.always.be.enough.left.in.the.sea.for.the.future.

F Rock.lobster.are.caught.in.craypots.because.they.are.attracted.to.the.dead.fish.that.is.put.in.the.pots...Rock.lobster.are.also.caught.by.snor-kellers,.and.divers.who.find.their.hiding.places.and.pick.them.up.

Limpets – Ngakihi

Did you know…H You.will.find.limpets.clinging.to.rocks.in.the.tide.pools.H They.eat.algae.which.they.scrape.off.rocks.by.using.their.rasp.like.tongues..H Their.tongues.are.called.radula.

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Facts:H Limpets.like.to.be.kept.moist..When.the.tide.goes.out.they.tuck.themselves.into.their.shells.and.hide.away..

H They.pull.themselves.tight.against.the.rock.so.they.don't.loose.moisture.in.the.hot.sun.or.drying.wind..

H Limpets.like.to.live.in.the.same.place..They.always.come.back.to.the.same.place.after.they.have.finished.grazing.

Sea Anemones – Humenga

Did you know…H These.interesting.creatures.live.on.the.sheltered.sides.of.rocks..They.like.to.be.protected.from.the.hot.sun.and.drying.winds.

H Anemones.use.their.tentacles.to.snare.other.creatures..The.tentacles.are.covered.with.stinging.cells.which.paralyse.their.prey.

H The.mouth.is.a.fleshy.opening.in.the.centre.of.the.ring.of.tentacles..Anemones.sting.their.prey.and.swallow.it.whole...They.trap.shrimp.and.small.fish.which.come.near.

Sea Egg – Kina

Did you know…H These.interesting.creatures.get.called.by.three.different.names..They.are,.kina,.sea.urchin.and.sea.egg..

H They.can.be.red,.purple.or.black.in.colour.

H The.sea.egg.is.related.to.the.starfish..

H They.are.echinoderms.which.means."spiny.skinned."

H They.feeds.on.seaweed.and.prefer.to.eat.drifting.pieces.of.sea.weed.rather.than.sea.weed.attached.to.rocks.

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Facts:H If.you.find.one.covered.in.seaweed,.it.has.saved.it.to.eat.later.or.it.may.be.trying.to.hide.from.predators.

H .The.sea.egg's.mouth.is.on.its.underside..

H It.has.five.long.curved.teeth..

H The.spines.protect.it.from.predators.

H Sea.eggs’.predators.are.man,.snapper,.moki.and.porae.

H Sea.eggs.have.feet.between.their.spines...They.can.live.to.be.more.than.15.years.old..

Other Characters in the show:The.Shaper.is.a.magical.character...Peter.Wilson.based.him.on.a.mythological.creature.in.Norse.mythology...This.shaper.is.as.old.as.time.itself,.which.makes.him.very.old.indeed...In.his.magnificent.sky.boat.he.travels.through.the.night.on.the.great.sea.of.stars.that.make.up.the.milky.way...Traveling.from.one.planet.to.anoth-er.he.makes.and.shapes.things.that.might.be.missing.from.that.world...In.our.story.Songs of the Sea,.he.comes.to.earth,.to.New.Zealand.and.discovers.that.there.are.no.sea.shells..He.puts.down.his.anchor.and.with.his.great.adze,.his.magic.shaping.axe,.begins.to.make.all.the.seashells.we.now.find.along.our.seashore...When.he.has.made.enough.and.he.is.happy.with.his.work,.he.pulls.up.his.anchor.and.sails.off.to.other.worlds.and.other.lands.

The.Sun,.Moon,.Wind,.Rain,.Rainbow.and.Clouds.are.all.important.characters.in.our.story..These.big.elements.which.we.are.all.so.familiar.with,.help.create.many.of.the.sea.creatures,.their.shapes.and.colours.and.help.us.all.sing.the.great.Song.of.the.Sea.

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Section 3

The ‘Whole Picture’.In.New.Zealand.we.use.the.sea.for.a.variety.of.purposes;.fishing,.sailing,.swimming,.surfing,.diving,.and.many.more...We.are.a.country.surrounded.by.coastline.and.seas...Many.of.us.spend.a.lot.of.time.at.the.beach.so.it.is.important.that.we.look.after.our.seas.

‘We want fish to fish another day’. New.Zealand.is.recognised.as.a.world.leader.in.fisheries.management...We.have.a.strict.quota.management.system.which.ensures.that.New.Zealand.waters.are.not.over.fished,.that.the.type.of.fishing.used.is.appropriate...This.is.managed.by.the.Ministry.of.Fisheries.and.means.that.the.seas.remain.renewable.and.sustainable.so.that.there.will.always.be.fish.in.our.seas.for.future.generations...

Did you know…Seafood.is.New.Zealand’s.fifth.largest.export.earner,.earning.around.$1.3.billion.for.the.country.annually...New.Zealand’s.fish.stocks.are.managed.by.our.Quota.Management.System.which.ensures.fish.stocks.are.kept.sustainable.for.the.future.

‘Is seafood healthy for you?’. Seafood.is.a.healthy.food.because.it.is.rich.in.protein.and.many.important.vitamins.and.minerals...It.contains.essential.polyunsaturated.fatty.acids.and.is.low.in.dietary.cholesterol...Seafood.is.high.in.vitamin.B12,.iodine,.selenium.and.fluoride,.and.low.in.salt...It.also.has.other.minerals.such.as.iron,.zinc.and.magnesium...These.minerals.are.all.needed.in.small.amounts.to.keep.our.bodies.healthy.

Focus/thinking questions about the sea:

D What.do.we.use.the.sea.for?

D..What.types.of.fish.do.we.eat?

D What.other.type.of.sea.animals.do.we.eat?

D How.many.fish.can.we.catch.out.of.the.sea?

D What.would.happen.if.we.were.to.eat.too.many.fish.out.of.the.sea?

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Seas at riskLife.on.earth.depends.on.healthy.oceans.-.from.coral.reef.communities.teeming.with.life.to.mangrove.swamps.that.provide.a.home.for.thousands.of.species..Many.of.our.planet's.oceans.are.in.trouble.and.the.plant.and.animal.life.they.sustain.are.in.jeopardy.

More.than.ever.before.our.oceans.are.at.risk.of.pollution.and.destruction.of.its.natural.resources...A.number.of.coasts.are.particularly.at.risk...Pollution.has.badly.affected.the.shores.and.inshore.waters.of.closed-in.seas.such.as.the.Baltic.and.the.Mediterranean...Marine.life.is.under.threat.from.all.kinds.of.pollution...

Millions.of.sea.birds,.fish.and.turtles.are.killed.each.year.by.pollution.like.plastic.in.the.sea...Over.fishing.in.many.areas.has.had.a.devastating.effect.with.some.fish.species.and.mammals.in.danger.of.extinction.

Coral.has.also.been.destroyed.and.used.as.building.materials,.especially.in.the.Pacific...Oil.spills.can.kill.hundreds.of.sea.birds.and.fish.life.and.waste.products.from.large.factories.has.seriously.polluted.the.waters.in.some.areas..

Did you know…On.20.April.2010,.the.worst.oil.spill.in.US.history.occurred..The.semi-submersible.exploratory.offshore.drilling.rig.Deepwater.Horizon.exploded.after.a.blowout;.it.sank.two.days.later,.killing.11.people..This.blowout.in.the.Macondo.Prospect.field.in.the.Gulf.of.Mexico.resulted.in.a.partially.capped.oil.well.one.mile.below.the.surface.of.the.water..Experts.estimate.the.gusher.to.be.flowing.at.35,000.to.60,000.barrels.per.day.(5,600.to.9,500.m3/d).of.oil..The.resulting.oil.slick.covered.at.least.2,500.square.miles.(6,500.km2),.fluctuating.from.day.to.day.depending.on.weather.conditions..

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Pollution SolutionsWith.the.class.discuss.pollution.in.our.seas.and.its.impact.on.our.natural..environment.

Focus/thinking questions about pollution:F What.is.pollution?

F What.causes.pollution?

F What.happens.to.the.water.when.it.is.polluted?

F What.happens.to.the.fish.and.other.sea.life.when.the.ocean.is.polluted?

Suggested activities about pollutionF Have.a.large.glass.container.of.water.in.the.class.(fish.tank)...Replicate.an.ocean.environment.by.adding.sand.and.rocks.at.the.bottom,.sea.weed.and.fish.made.from.paper...Discuss.and.predict.what.would.happen.if.you.were.to.put.oil.into.the.water..Record.observations.

F Test.how.quickly.materials.break.down.when.placed.in.water...Record.pre-dictions.and.observations.

F Design.and.illustrate.posters.about.pollution.

What can we do to help?

F Start.by.cleaning.up.your.local.beach,.river,.stream.or.lake...Spend.an.afternoon.with.rubbish.bags.and.gloves.picking.up.the.rubbish.

F Many.local.councils.have.‘clean.up’.days.where.you.can.go.and.offer.your.help.

F Join.WWF.and.register.your.interest.in.helping.them.fight.pollution.of.our.oceans.

F Take.your.rubbish.home.with.you.from.the.beach.

F Make.posters.with.environmental.messages.on.them...

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Seabirds at riskIt.is.not.only.fish.and.other.sea.life.which.are.in.danger...New.Zealand's.produc-tive.waters.and.safe.offshore.islands.support.more.albatross.and.petrel.species.than.any.other.country...Although.these.species.breed.in.New.Zealand,.many.of.them.are.true.globe-trotters,.spending.much.of.their.lives.in.other.parts.of.the.world...This.means.respon-sibility.for.their.continued.survival.is.shared.by.New.Zealand.and.many.other.countries,.most.notably.Chile,.Peru,.Ecuador,.Argentina,.South.Africa,.Namibia.and.Australia.

Albatrosses.and.petrels.have.learnt.to.follow.fishing.vessels.for.food,.unaware.of.the.risks.of.becoming.caught.on.baited.hooks.or.entangled.in.fishing.gear...They.may.be.accidentally.caught.by.any.vessel,.anywhere.that.does.not.use.seabird-safe.fishing.practices.

New.Zealand’s.Southern.Seabird.Solutions.organisation.aims.to.foster.the.wide-spread.use.of.seabird-safe.fishing.practices.by.fleets.operating.in.New.Zealand.and.in.other.parts.of.the.Southern.Ocean...Because.of.the.abundance.of.seabird.species.in.New.Zealand,.fishing.without.catching.these.creatures.can.be.a.real.challenge...Many.different.types.of.measures.to.reduce.seabird.capture.have.been.developed.and.tested.by.New.Zealanders.

Did you know…F The.largest.ocean.is.the.Pacific...It.covers.about.one-third.of.the.earth’s.surface.

F There.are.mountain.ranges.under.the.water.

F The.average.depth.of.the.ocean.is.about.4.kilometres.

F The.deepest.ocean.is.the.Pacific...The.average.depth.is.4,280.metres,.but.it.gets.as.deep.as.11,033.metres.

FishingFocus/thinking questions about fishing:

F Do.you.think.it.hurts.the.fish?

F..Why.do.the.fish.swallow.the.hook?

F..What.equipment.do.you.need.to.catch.fish?

F .What.happens.to.fish.after.people.catch.it?

F .Can.you.catch.as.many.fish.as.you.want?

F What.should.you.do.with.small.fish.or.fish.you.don’t.want?

F What.other.things.get.caught.on.fishing.lines?

F What.safety.equipment.should.you.take.with.you.on.a.boat?

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Suggested activities about FishingF .Draw.a.large.map.of.your.local.area...Children.could.ask.their.parents.or.friends.where.people.go.fishing.or.gather.seafood,.and.what.sorts.of.fish.and.seafood.they.catch...Using.illustrations.or.symbols,.display.this.infor-mation.on.the.map..

F Children.could.survey.local.fishing...Find.out.if.there.are.any.areas.that.are.too.dangerous.to.fish.or.gather.seafood.and.put.this.information.on.the.map...Find.out.if.there.are.any.areas.that.are.too.polluted.to.fish.or.gather.seafood.and.put.this.information.on.the.map.

F Contact.a.local.sports.shop.or.fishing.supply.shop...Find.out.what.limits.there.are.on.the.fish.and.shellfish.people.can.take.in.your.area..Find.out.if.you.need.a.licence.to.fish.for.some.fish.in.your.area.

F Discuss.why.people.like.to.go.fishing...Find.out.how.many.people.in.the.class.have.been.fishing,.what.type.of.fish.they.caught,.what.equipment.they.used.

F Invite.someone.who.goes.fishing.to.talk.to.the.class.about.fishing...Ask.them.to.bring.their.fìshing.gear.and.explain.about.the.equipment.they.use.to.catch.different.fish.

F..Contact.the.New.Zealand.Seafood.Industry.Council’s.Communications.Unit.(04.3854005).if.you.would.like.a.commercial.fisherman.to.come.along.to.speak.to.your.school.

GOING FISHINGHooksIn.New.Zealand.and.overseas.hooks.have.been.used.to.catch.fish.for.many.cen-turies..Hooks.can.be.made.of.bone,.stone,.wood.and.shell...Nowadays.they.are.mostly.made.of.metal...

Fishing with a handlineBait.is.put.on.the.hook..Bait.is.a.small.piece.of.the.sort.of.food.fish.like.to.eat...It.may.be.shellfish,.pieces.of.fish,.maggots,.worms.or.pieces.of.bread...When.the.fish.eats.the.bait.it.swallows.the.hook.

Fishing with a fishing rodYou.use.a.fishing.rod.to.make.the.line.go.a.long.way.out.into.the.water.and.a.reel.to.let.the.line.out.and.pull.it.in.again...Rods.can.bend.a.long.way.so.heavy.fish.won’t.break.them.

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You.can.use.a.handline.to.fish.off.a.boat,.a.wharf.or.rocks...A.handline.has.a.line,.a.hook.and.something.to.wrap.the.line.around.so.it.won’t.get.tangled...The.line.needs.to.be.strong.so.it.won’t.break.when.pulling.in.a.fish.that.is.trying.to.get.away...A.sinker.is.a.piece.of.lead.that.is.tied.to.the.line...It.makes.the.line.heavy.so.it.will.sink.down.in.the.water...A.lure.can.be.tied.to.the.line...The.lure.may.be.shaped.like.a.fish.or.squid.and.is.shiny...The.fish.think.it.is.another.fish.

You.should.not.collect.seafood.or.go.fishing.in.polluted.areas...The.worst.type.of.pollution.is.sew-age...Fish.and.shellfish.that.come.from.areas.where.there.is.sewage.in.the.water.can.make.us.sick.if.we.eat.them...

Catching fish and gathering seafoodSome.people.who.fish.know.a.lot.about.where.to.go.to.catch.certain.types.of.fish,.what.time.of.day.to.fish,.and.when.the.tide.is.right.for.fishing...Once.it.is.caught.fish.is.kept.cold,.often.in.a.chilly.bin,.so.it.stays.fresh.till.it.is.ready.to.be.eaten...There.are.rules.about.how.many.fish.and.other.sea.animals.people.can.catch.so.there.will.always.be.enough.left.for.the.future.

Safe fishing from a boatYou.need.to.take.the.following.things.when.you.are.fish-ing.off.a.boat.to.keep.yourselves.safe,.and.to.catch.fish:

3 Lifejacket3 First.aid.kit3 Radio3 Catch.net.and/or.gaff3 Food3 Drink3 Warm.clothes3 Waterproof.clothes3..Fishing.rods3 Handlines3 Fishing.tackle3 Flares3 Spare.petrol3 Oars3 Navigation.charts3 Bailer

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Commonly Asked QuestionsHow big is the ocean?The.ocean.is.enormous...It.covers.more.than.twice.as.much.of.the.earth.than.the.land.does!..The.deepest.part.of.the.ocean.would.cover.Mount.Everest.–.which.is.the.biggest.mountain.on.earth!

How many fish are there?There.are.over.21,000.different.types.of.fish.in.the.sea...Almost.all.fish.are.covered.in.scales.and.breathe.through.gills.

What’s at the bottom of the sea?The.bottom.of.the.sea.is.not.all.flat.as.most.of.us.would.believe...If.fact.there.are.mountains.and.valley,.hills.and.plains,.just.like.on.land...There.are.even.volcanoes.called.‘sea.mounts’.which.erupt.under.water.

Why does the water level change?This.is.because.of.the.pull.of.the.moon.on.the.ocean.lifting.the.water.from.the.part.of.the.earth’s.surface....These.are.called.tides.and.they.happen.twice.a.day...High.tide.–.the.water.rises.and.low.tide.–.the.water.level.drops.

Why is the sea blue?The.sea.can.appear.different.colours,.from.blue.to.green.or.grey...A.small.amount.of.sea.water.looks.clear,.it.is.only.when.you.have.a.large.amount.of.it.that.the.light.refracts.through.it.making.it.look.blue.

Why is the sea salty?The.sea.is.salty.because.the.rain.washes.salt.from.rocks.and.land.into.it!..

What is sand made out of?Sand.is.made.out.of.tiny.bits.of.rocks.and.sea.shells.which.have.been.crushed.by.the.sea.into.a.fine.powder.

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Section 4

MythsWhat are myths?A.myth.is.a.traditional.story.which.is.not.based.on.something.which.actually.happened...It.often.involves.superhuman.beings.which.help.to.explain.local.customs.or.natural.phenomena...The.Greek.term.‘mythos’.means.simply.‘story’...In.modern.usage.the.term.usually.refers.to.a.story.that.was.or.is.part.of.the.beliefs.of.a.cultural.group,.and.which.explains.the.nature.of.the.world.and.social.conventions.as.the.result.of.the.influence.of.supernatural.beings..

A.story.about.someone.who.is.human.rather.than.a.supernatural.being.is.usu-ally.referred.to.as.a.legend;.and.stories.of.supernatural.beings.which.are.inde-pendent.of.a.comprehensive.mythology.are.called.folk tales..In.modern.liter-ary.theory,.myths.have.been.viewed.as.formulas.embodying.universal.human.experiences.and.ideas,.or.archetypes..Archetypes.are.expressed.through.the.recurring.patterns.that.occur.in.myth,.ritual,.and.dreams.as.well.as.literature..In.literature.the.patterns.are.seen.in.terms.of.genre,.plot-types,.character,.thought,.and.so.forth..

The Myths of Songs of the SeaAs.explained.by.Capital.E.National.Theatre.for.Children’s.Artistic.Director.Peter.Wilson:

“None of the myths created for Songs of the Sea are based on existing myths, it may be that one hears many stories in one’s life and indirectly you may draw upon those experiences whilst writing.

The Sun and The Moon“There are many stories, myths, and legends about the moon and the sun and as far as I know I have invented this one. I once saw a moonfish and a sunfish in a museum display. I remembered them when I began writing Songs of the Sea. Quite often we see the reflections of moons and suns in the sea. The idea of the wind rippling the sea and the reflection floating away came easily, and that is how the sunfish and moonfish were born.

“I love star gazing, and if I lived two thousand years ago and saw a star falling out of the sky into the sea would I think it might turn into a fish – a starfish? In my imagination it all seems possible. So starfish are made from falling stars, especially those stars that fall into the sea.

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“Looking at the sky on a clear night, it is very easy to imagine that the milky way is a great river in the sky, so it was easy to imagine someone in a magic sky boat to sail this river from planet to planet across the universe. In some Norwegian myths there is a mythical character called the ‘Shaper’. He carved the trees and mountains of Norway with his adze (axe). I borrowed the name of this mythical character, mixed him up with ‘Shapos’, a sun goddess who wanders the corners of the universe in western semetic cultures and created the ‘Shaper’ and his sky-boat who visits new worlds and makes and shapes new things. In the Songs of the Sea he makes the Seashells.

The other small myths and stories in Songs of the Sea were inspired by the elements of the wind and rain.”

Myths of the sea…There.are.many.myths.around.the.sea...Here.are.a.few.of.them:

Maori MythologyMaui and the Great Fish.is.a.Maori.legend.telling.how.New.Zealand.was.created...Many.of.the.myths.in.New.Zealand.are.based.around.this.legendary.hero...

Maui.went.fishing.with.his.brothers,.fashioned.a.hook.with.his.magic.jawbone,.smeared.it.with.blood.from.his.nose.for.bait,.and.pulled.up.the.North.Island..The.hook.became.Hawkes.Bay..Maui.told.his.brothers.not.to.touch.the.fish.until.he.had.made.the.appropriate.incantations.to.the.gods,.but.they.disregarded.him.and.began.to.cut.it.up,.leaving.it.scarred.and.jagged.as.it.appears.today.

The Tracks of the TaniwhaAfter.Maui’s.great.fishing.feat,.the.island.was.laid.out.flat.as.a.flounder,.it’s.eye-Te.Whatu.o.Te.Ika..Lake.Wairarapa,.staring.sightlessly.at.the.heavens.

Now.the.land.fish.had.to.be.shaped.and.made.habitable,.and.this.was.the.work.of.the.various.taniwha,.atua.and.other.supernatural.beings...In.the.case.of.the.mouth,.Wellington.Harbour,.the.taniwha.were.called.Whataitai.and.Ngake.

According.to.the.original.inhabitants,.the.harbour.was.at.first.a.lake.in.which.these.taniwha.lived...Ngake.was.a.vigorous,.thrusting,.turbulent.taniwha.who.moved.quickly,.restlessly,.

always.bumping.into.things...Whataitai.was.the.op-posite.easy.going.and.gentle,.just.as.big.as.Ngake.but.he.sought.the.shallow.parts.of.the.harbour.where.the.water.was.warmer...He.lay.there.with.all.the.dreams.that.taniwha.have.

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These.earthbound.creatures.formed.part.of.the.generation.after.the.gods,.before.and.during.human.beginnings...They.provide.the.wheke.or.map.of.nature,.telling.the.story.of.the.shaping.of.the.land...The.tracks.of.the.taniwha.are.the.Maori.survey.pegs.that.mark.the.beginnings.of.Te.Whanganui.a.Tara,.the.great.harbour.of.Tara.

For.a.long.time.the.two.taniwha.had.been.discussing.their.desire.to.be.free,.to.be.out.in.the.deep.water.they.could.hear.crashing.on.the.far.shore...Ngake.decided.to.do.something.about.it...At.first.Ngake.cruised.around.in.the.water.thinking.hard.about.what.they.could.do...Finally.he.went.down.to.the.north-eastern.corner.near.the.Hutt.river.and.started.to.wind.himself.up.into.a.great.fury,.his.tail.lashing.backwards.and.forwards,.scooping.up.sand.and.piling.it.in.the.corner–.which.is.why..is.it.so.shallow.there...Twisting.his.tail.up.like.a.giant.spring,.with.a.great.hiss.and.a.roar.of.a.taniwha.enthusiasm,.he.drove.off.to.the.south-east.at.great.speed.

Whataitai.pushed.his.head.out.of.the.water.near.scorching.bay.to.watch.Ngake.crash.into.the.great.wall.of.rock.and.earth.at.Seatoun.with.such.force.that.he.smashed.right.through.it,.out.into.the.open.sea...Bleeding.and.battered,.Ngake.swam.off.into.the.deep.waters.of.Raukawa.Moana,.Cook.Strait,.out.into.the.wider.waters.of.Moananui.a.Kiwa.and.was.never.heard.of.again.in.these.parts.

In.his.going.he.left.a.trail.of.wreckage:.the.rock.Te.Aroaro.a.Kupe.or.Steeple.Rock,.the.rocks.of.Te.Tangihanga.o.Kupe.or.Barrett.Reef.and.the.rocks.on.the.eastern.side.of.the.harbour.entrance.known.as.Matauranga.

Whataitai.was.very.impressed.and.de-cided.he.would.break.out.too,.but.not.in.the.noisy,.boisterous.way.of.his.late.friend...He.curled.himself.up.in.a.great.ball.and.got.as.excited.as.a.lazy.taniwha.can,.up.near.Ngauranga...With.a.great.push.of.his.tail.against.the.rock,.he.pushed.off.and.headed.down.Evans.Bay,.not.realising.that.Ngake.had.let.in.the.tides...He.discovered.the.tide.was.going.out.when.his.pito.started.rubbing.against.the.sea.bottom,.but.he.did.not.know.about.the.tides.and.kept.swimming.harder...He.ended.up.in.the.shallows.and.the.water.disappeared.around.him.and.he.became.stuck...When.the.tide.came.back.in.it.brought.him.life.and.sustained.him,.stop-ping.him.from.being.left.high.and.dry.and.dying.the.most.dreaded.of.all.taniwha.deaths...However.he.had.struggled.and.wriggled.so.much.that.he.was.stuck.there.in.the.sand..

Wataitai.was.stuck.for.a.very.long.time...He.was.there.when.Tara.care.to.give.the.harbour.it’s.name..and.for.eleven.generations.after.Tara.to.the.time.of.Te.Aohaeretahi,.when.some.say.there.occurred.Te.Hao.Whenua,.the.great.earthquake.of.about.1460...This.lifted.up.Whataitai.and.his.skin.dried.out.and.he.died.

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As.his.dying.body.was.completed,.his.wairua,.his.soul,.left.him.in.the.form.of.manuwairua,.a.bird,.and.its.name.was.Te.Keo...This.bird.flew.to.the.little.knoll.on.Matairangi,.by.the.Byrd.me-morial.and.looked.down.on.his.great.body.and.began.a.tangi,.weeping.for.all.the.living.that.the.body.of.Whataitai.had.known...When.the.tangi.was.over.the.sprit.bird.flew.away.to.the.Hawaki.of.the.taniwha.and.knoll.was.named.Tangi.te.Keo.

This is why today there is an open harbour for ships to pass through and the dead back of Whataitai provides access to the airport and the old island of Te Motukairangi, now known as the Miramar Peninsula.

Kupe the ExplorerA.thousand.years.ago.Kupe.the.explorer.visited.Te.Whanagnui.a.Tara...The.stories.say.that.he.came.into.the.harbour,.known.then.as.Te.Upoko.o.te.ika.a.Maui.(the.head.of.Maui's.fish),.while.chasing.a.giant.Octopus.(wheke)...

He.come.down.the.East.coast.in.Matahorua,.the.canoe.of.his.family.and.entered.the.harbour.through.the.gaping.hole.left.by.the.fleeing.taniwha,.Ngake...He.killed.the.wheke.before.he.came.into.the.harbour...Kupe.rested.a.while.and.took.time.out.to.plant.crops.and.harvest.them.for.food.

Aborginal MythologyHow the Stars Were Made - Rolla-Mano and the Evening Star.Rolla-Mano.was.the.old.man.of.the.sea..The.blue.ocean,.with.all.its.wonderful.treasures.of.glistening.pearls,.white.foam.and.pink.coral,.belonged.to.him..In.the.depths.of.the.sea,.he.ruled.a.kingdom.of.shadows.and.strange.forms,.to.which.the.light.of.the.sun.descended.in.green.and.grey.beams..The.forests.of.this.weird.land.were.many.trees.of.brown.sea-kelp,.whose.long.arms.waved.slowly.to.and.fro.with.the.ebb.and.flow.of.the.water..Here.and.there.were.patches.of.sea.grass,.fine.and.soft.as.a.snow.maiden's.hair..In.the.shadow.of.the.trees.lurked.a.thousand.terrors.of.the.deep..In.a.dark.rocky.cave,.a.giant.octopus.spread.its.long,.writhing.tentacles.in.search.of.its.prey,.and.gazed.the.while.through.the.water.with.large.lusterless.eyes..In.and.out.of.the.kelp.a.grey.shark.swam.swiftly.and.without.apparent.motion,.while.bright-colored.fish.darted.out.of.the.path.of.danger..Across.the.rippled.sand.a.great.crab.ambled.awkwardly.to.its.hiding.place.behind.a.white-fluted.clam.shell..And.over.all.waved.the.long,.brown.arms.of.the.sea.kelp.forest..Such.was.the.kingdom.of.Rolla-Mano,.the.old.man.of.the.sea.One.day.Rolla-Mano.went.to.fish.in.a.lonely.mangrove.swamp.close.to.the.sea.shore..He.caught.many.fish,.and.cooked.them.at.a.fire..While.eating.his.meal.he.noticed.two.women.ap-proach.him..Their.beautiful.bodies.were.as.lithe.and.graceful.as.the.wattle.tree,.and.in.their.eyes.was.the.soft.light.of.the.dusk..When.they.spoke,.their.voices.were.as.sweet.and.low.as.the.sigh-ing.of.the.night.breeze.through.the.reeds.in.the.river..Rolla-Mano.determined.to.capture.them..With.this.intention.he.hid.in.the.branches.of.the.mangrove.tree,.and,.when.the.women.were.close.to.him.he.threw.his.net.over.them..One,.however,.escaped.by.diving.into.the.water..He.was.so.enraged.at.her.escape.that.he.jumped.in.after.her.with.a.burning.fire.stick.in.his.hand..As.soon.as.the.fire.stick.touched.the.water,.the.sparks.hissed.and.scattered.to.the.sky,.where.they.

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remain.as.golden.stars.to.this.day.Rolla-Mano.did.not.capture.the.woman.who.dived.into.the.dark.waters.of.the.swamp..After.a.fruitless.search.he.returned.to.the.shore.and.took.the.other.woman.to.live.with.him.for.ever.in.the.sky..She.is.the.evening.star..From.her.resting.place,.she.gazes.through.the.mists.of.eternity.at.the.restless.sea-the.dark,.mysterious.kingdom.of.Rolla-Mano..On.a.clear.summer.night,.when.the.sky.is.studded.with.golden.stars,.you.will.remember.that.they.are.the.sparks.from.the.fire.stick.of.Rolla-Mano,.and.the.beautiful.evening.star.is.the.woman.he.captured.in.the.trees.of.the.mangrove.swamp.

Greek MythologyThe.ancient.Greeks.made.up.many.myths.based.around.the.sea,.most.probably.because.they.lived.on.scattered.islands...The.famous.Greek.hero.Jason.made.many.epic.sea.voyages...Poseidon.(or.Neptune).was.an.undersea.God...He.was.blamed.for.bad.sea.storms.and.boat.wrecks,.and.was.always.pictured.with.a.Golden.fork.called.a.trident.

The.Greek.goddess.Aphrodite.emerged.from.the.sea.as.the.goddess.of.love...Myth.tells.it.that.she.was.the.daughter.of.Zeus.and.born.out.of.the.foam.of.the.sea...The.Romans.based.their.goddess.Venus.on.the.same.story.

In.Greek.legend,.the.hydra.was.a.water.serpent.with.many.heads...It.was.eventually.killed.by..Hercules,.one.of.the.hero’s.of.Greek.mythology.

MermaidsThere.have.been.many.myths.written.and.told.about.mermaids.living.under.the.sea.from.Europe-an.folktales.to.Hindu.legends...Traditional.myth.tells.it.that.mermaids.lured.sailors.to.their.deaths.on.the.rocks.with.their.beautiful.singing,.causing.the.ships.to.crash.into.the.rocky.shore...The.mermaids.were.

said.to.be.half.woman.half.fish.and.stories.of.mermaids.date.back.over.3,000.years...

Hans.Christian.Andersen.first.published.the.beloved.fairy.tale.of.‘The.Little.Mermaid’.in.1837...It.is.the.story.of.the.Little.Mermaid.who.saves.the.life.of.a.shipwrecked.prince.and.sets.off.on.a.perilous.quest.to.win.his.love..The.price.she.pays.is.dear..To.become.human.she.must.give.up.her.lovely.voice.as.well.as.her.mermaid’s.tail,.and.if.the.prince.should.

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wed.another,.she.will.turn.into.foam.on.the.waves.and.disappear.forever......Most.recently.Walt.Disney.produced.a.movie.called.‘The.Little.Mermaid’.based.on.the.famous.myths.and.stories.surrounding.mermaids...

Most.probably.these.sightings.were.inspired.by.a.sea.mammal.with.a.fish.like.tale.called.the.‘dugong’,.found.in.Indonesia,.Southeast.Asia.where.it.is.treated.as.a.sacred.animal..

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Sea Serpents and MonstersThe.sea.serpent.appears.in.many.ancient.myths.and.sailor’s.stories.around.the.world...In.Viking.legends,.storms.were.said.to.be.caused.by.the.writhing.of.a.giant.serpent...In.Norwegian.folklore.a.giant.sea.monster.called.the.kraken.was.said.to.at-tack.ships.and.pluck.helpless.sailors.from.the.deck...Reports.of.long.tentacles.suggest.that.mariners.had.really.seen.a.giant.squid.or.octopus...

Mythical.sea.beasts.also.include.the.Norwegian.sea.monk.and.the.Chinese.sea.bonze...Both.were.said.to.have.fins.as.well.as.human.features...Chinese.sailors.believe.that.these.half.hu-man.creatures.raised.storms.and.sank.ships...These.imaginary.beings.may.have.been.based.on.skates.or.rays.–.flat-bodied.fish.with.wing.like.fins.and.unusual.markings.on.their.under-sides.

Then.of.course.there.is.the.Loch.Ness.monster,.one.of.the.most.famous.modern.sea.myths...Since.the.1930’s.there.have.been.many.reported.sightings.of.a.strange.creature.in.Loch.Ness,.Scotland...Despite.many.different.attempts.there.is.still.no.con-clusive.proof.that.the.Loch.Ness.monster.exists.

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Myths Unit..This.unit.is.focused.around.myths.but.can.be.easily.adapted.for.folktales.or.fairytales.

Learning Outcomes:In.the.course.of.participating.in.the.myths.unit,.students.will:

1...Identify.two.common.myths.2...Follow.the.writing.process.to.create.a.simple.adaptation.of.a.common.myth.3...Respond.to.questions.about.the.myth.genre.to.demonstrate.understanding.

Activities:1. IntroductionAsk.students.to.discuss.what.they.think.folktales,.fairy.tales.and.myths.means..Point.out.that.myths.are.stories.passed.on.from.one.person.to.the.next.by.word.of.mouth.or.by.oral.tradition..Record.responses..Read.aloud.a.favorite.myth.or.provide.a.selection.of.folktales,.fairy.tales.and.myths.for.students'.silent.reading...Discuss.defining.elements.of.a.myth..

2. Introduce MythsHave.students.offer.names.of.stories.that.are.myths..Write.responses.on.the.board..Share.a.selection.of.myths.and.ask.students.to.point.out.similar.characteristics.of.the.stories..Then.begin.a.myths.web.on.the.chalkboard.indicating.similar.features,.for.ex-ample:.takes.place.anytime,.takes.place.anywhere,.animals.have.human.characteristics,.etc..

3. Adapting Myths After.students.have.listened.to.and/or.read.a.variety.of.myths,.fairytales.and/or.folktales.get.them.to.select.one.to.adapt...Children.could.work.independently,.in.pairs.or.small.groups...Complete.the.following.activities:.

S Discuss.the.main.ideas.in.the.story..

S Write.a.draft.copy.of.the.new.myth.with.one.change.in.it..

S Read.it.to.a.friend,.group,.class.or.teacher..

S Re-work..

S Publish.and.present.to.class..

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4. Myths in the communityMany.students.will.have.myths.and.folktales.which.come.from.their.cultural.community...It.is.a.great.way.of.introducing.the.children.to.the.diverse.cultures.surrounding.them..

S Discuss.with.students.about.different.myths,.fairytales.and.folktales.from.around.the.world.

S Encourage.students.to.ask.their.family.members.about.myths.from.their.culture.

S Have.students.share.their.findings.with.the.class.and.record.these.findings.

5. Extension:If.students.have.extra.time.encourage.them.to.respond.to.the.following.questions:

S How.is.telling.a.story.different.from.reading.a.story?.

S What.is.special.about.listening.to.a.story.told.by.a.storyteller?.

S What.can.you.learn.from.knowing.about.myths?.

S What.is.special.about.a.myth?.Folktale?.Fairytale?.

6. Myth Storytelling Assessment Example Use.the.criteria.below.to.assess.students'.proficiency.with.understanding.what.a.myth.is.and.the.storytelling.activity.. Criteria:1..Can.identify.2.myths.by.name..

2..Understands.what.a.myth,.fairytale.or.folktale.is.

3..Can.discuss.2.main.features.of.a.myth..

4..Able.to.simply.adapt.a.common.myth.into.their.own.myth.

5: proficient: a high degree of competence

4: capable: an above-average degree of competence

3: satisfactory: a satisfactory degree of competence

2: emerging: a limited degree of competence

1: beginning: no key elements are adequately developed.

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Section 5

Suggested ActivitiesFish (or crab, starfish etc) PuppetSupplies needed:

i..Hard.cardboardi Scissors.i Drinking.straws.i Pens,.felt.pens,.or.crayons.i Tape.i Optional.-.googly.eyes.and.a.glue.stick.i Optional.-.construction.paper.to.make.details,.like.a.mouth,.hat,.etc.

.Using.a.pen,.draw.the.outline.of.the.fish.onto.the.cardboard...Cut.out.the.fish.For.the.puppet's.details.(like.the.eyes,.mouth,.gills,.tail),.either.draw.them.with.a.pen.(or.marker),.or.cut.them.out.of.construction.paper.and.glue.them.on.the.puppet..Optional:.Glue.on.googly.eyes.using.a.glue.stick.Tape.the.back.of.your.fish.to.the.end.of.a.drinking.straw.

You.now.have.a.great.fish.puppet.that.you.can.use.to.put.on.a.play.or.use.while.reading.your.favorite.story.

Fish Paper PlateSupplies needed:

i Paper.plate.i Scissors.i Glue.(or.tape.or.a.stapler).i Googly.eyes.(optional).i Crayons,.paint.or.markers

.Cut.a.wedge.out.of.a.paper.plate..The.wedge.will.be.the.fish's.tail;.the.hole.will.be.the.fish's.mouth.

Glue.(or.use.tape.or.a.stapler).the.tail.to.the.end.of.the.fish..

Glue.a.googly.eye.on.the.fish.(glue.on.two.eyes.if.you.want.a.flounder).or.simply.draw.eye(s).

Color.in.the.fish,.drawing.scales,.lips,.and.so.on..For.an.extra.touch,.make.a.tiny.fish.(use.the.same.instructions.as.above,.but.start.with.a.tiny.circle.made.from.construction.paper)..

Hang.the.tiny.fish.from.the.large.fish's.mouth.using.a.short.piece.of.thread.

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Ocean DioramaCreate.your.own.ocean.scene.in.a.box..Just.print.out.sharks.and.whales,.draw.some.seaweed,.corals,.and.your.favorite.fish..Paste,.color,.cut,.hang.them.in.a.decorated.box,.and.enjoy.the.ocean.

Supplies needed: i paper.(stiff.paper.works.best.-.colored.paper.is.also.great.for.this.proj-ect).

i a.shoe.box.or.slightly.larger.box.i crayons.and/or.markers.i tape.i thread.i scissors.i optional:.pipe.cleaners.(great.for.seaweed.and.coral),.glitter.(for.great.bubbles),.thin.cardboard.to.glue.to.the.back.of.the.animals.if.your.pa-per.is.very.flimsy.(old.cereal.boxes.work.well).

i optional:.plastic.ocean.animals

Find.a.box.at.least.as.big.as.a.shoe.box.-.a.slightly.bigger.box.works.even.better..This.will.be.the.stage.containing.your.ocean.scene..

Decorate.the.inside.of.the.box.to.look.like.it's.underwater..Draw.the.water,.the.ocean.floor,.rocks,.coral,.seaweed,.fish,.an.octopus,.bubbles,.scuba.divers,.a.submarine,.etc..Glitter.makes.a.wonderful.addition.-.just.sprinkle.some.on.a.little.glue.

Draw.other.sea.creatures.you.want.to.be.in.the.scene.(or.use.small.plastic.animals).

Using.crayons.or.markers,.decorate.the.animals.and.plants..Also,.draw.and.decorate.your.own.seaweed,.corals,.and.favorite.fish..Green.construction.paper.cut.in.squiggly.strips.makes.nice.seaweed..

Cut.out.the.animals.and.plants.

Hang.the.fish.and.whales.in.the.box.using.tape.and.thread..Tape.your.seaweed.and.coral.to.the.bottom.of.the.box..Green.and.brown.pipe.cleaners.also.make.nice.plants..

Enjoy.your.ocean.diorama!

43

Scary Fish Mouth Pop-up CardMake.a.Fish.Mouth.Pop-up.Card..When.you.open.the.card,.the.mouth.opens!.This.is.a.very.easy.project.and.a.lot.of.fun....Supplies needed:

i 2.pieces.of.paper.(colored.card-stock.works.great).i paste.i scissors.i crayons.and/or.markers

.Fold.a.piece.of.paper.in.half..Cut.a.line.about.2.inches.long.(5.cm).about.the.middle.of.the.crease.

Fold.back.each.of.the.flaps.to.make.2.triangles.

Open.up.the.card..

Lay.it.down.like.a.v.

Push.one.of.the.triangles.up.and.pinch.the.edges.together.above.the.card..Repeat.with.the.other.triangle.

Close.the.card.and.push.down.on.the.folds.to.make.them.well-creased..When.opened,.you.have.a.pop-up.mouth.

Fold.another.piece.of.paper.in.half.(a.different.color.looks.great)..

Glue.this.new.card.to.the.outside.of.your.pop-up.card..Don't.glue.near.the.mouth.area.or.it.won't.open!.Let.the.glue.dry.

Draw.a.scary.animal.around.the.mouth.and.finish.decorating.your.card.

For.variations.on.this.card,.don't.cut.a.straight.line.-.cut.a.wavy.line.or.a.zigzag.for.scary.teeth..You.can.even.make.more.than.one.mouth.for.2.monsters.or.a.two-headed.monster..This.pop-up.area.also.looks.a.lot.like.a.bird's.beak.or.a.shark's.mouth.

44

Glue Starfish Craft/NecklaceThis.pebbly-textured.starfish.is.easily.made.from.white.glue.sprinkled.with.sand.or.glitter..It.is.fun.to.wear,.display,.or.hang.in.a.window.

Supplies needed:i White.glue.i A.toothpick.or.small.stick.i Waxed.paper.i Sand.or.glitter.i 1.paper.clip.i Yarn

.Working.on.a.piece.of.waxed.paper,.carefully.squeeze.some.white.glue.in.the.shape.of.a.starfish..If.you.need.to.adjust.the.shape.of.the.starfish.a.bit,.use.a.toothpick..Fold.a.paper.clip.into.a."V".shape..Put.the.ends.of.a.paper.clip.into.the.glue.at.the.end.of.one.arm.of.the.starfish.

Sprinkle.the.glue.lightly.with.sand.(or.glitter)..Gently.shake.off.the.excess.sand.(or.glitter)..Let.it.dry.completely.(this.takes.at.least.overnight.-.sometimes.longer).

Carefully.peel.the.waxed.paper.off.the.back.of.the.starfish..You.now.have.a.pebbly-textured.starfish.to.wear,.display,.or.hang.in.a.window.

Simple Sailboat CraftYou.can.make.these.cute.little.toy.boats.in.just.a.few.minutes..They.are.great.for.preschoolers.and.kindergartners.to.practice.cutting.with.scissors,.drawing,.and.molding.clay.

Supplies needed:i A.wide.plastic.lid.(like.the.lid.from.a.margarine.tub).i A.drinking.straw.i Construction.paper.i Kids'.scissors.i A.hole.punch.i Crayons,.markers,.and/or.stickers.i A.small.wad.of.play.dough

Cut.a.triangle.from.a.piece.of.construction.paper.-.this.will.be.your.sail..Decorate.the.sail.with.crayons,.markers,.and/or.stickers.

Punch.three.holes.along.one.side.of.the.triangle.

Weave.a.drinking.straw.(the.boat's.mast).through.the.holes.

Put.a.small.wad.of.molding.clay.on.the.inside.of.the.lid..Push.the.end..of.the.drinking.straw.into.the.clay..

You.now.have.a.cute.little.toy.sailboat.that.can.float.in.water!

Fish.kite

Fish.prints

Shell.necklace

Shell.wind.chime

Sand.sculptures

Quick Ideas

45

Section 6

Myths and Legends/Environment and Oceans

This.is.an.incredibly.vast.and.varied.topic...Your.local.library.will.have.plenty.of.books.on.this.topic,.or.contact.your.nearest.National.Library.

Children.often.have.books.on.the.sea.and.water.life.at.home...Encourage.them.to.bring.them.to.share.

Here is a list of the books used for research into this resource:

Oliver,.Clare.(2002)...100 Things You Should Know About Oceans Miles.Kelly.Publishing,.Essex.

Lambert,.David.(1997)...The Kingfisher Book of OceansKingfisher.Publications,.London

Ganeri,.Anita.(1995)...I Wonder Why The Sea Is Salty?..Kingfisher.Publications,.London

Paul,.L.J.(1986)...New Zealand Fishes An Identification GuideReed.Methuen.Publishers.LTD,.Auckland

McMillan,.Peter;.Paulin.Chris;.Roberts,.Clive;.Stewart,.Andrew.(1989)..New Zealand Fish A Complete Guide National.Museum.Of.New.Zealand.

Royston,.Angela.(1997)...Under The Sea.Reed.Educational.&.Professional.Publishing.Ltd.

MacQuitty,.Dr..Miranda.(1995).Collins Eyewitness Guides: Oceans.Harper.Collins.Publishers.

Booklist

46

Parker,.Steve.(1990)...Collins Eyewitness Guides: FishCollins.Publishers,.Australia.

BBC.Worldwide.Ltd.(2001)..The Blue Planet; Ocean WorldBBC.Worldwide.Ltd,.London.

.

.Horowitz,.Anthony.(1985)....The Kingfisher Book Of Myths And LegendsKingfisher.Books,.London

Ardagh,.Philip.(1998)....Celtic Myths and LegendsBelitha.Press,.London.

Bacon,.Ron.(1999)....Maui’s New HookWaiatarua.Publishing,.New.Zealand.

Gossage,.Peter.(2001). In The BeginningScholastic.New.Zealand.Ltd

Gossage,.Peter.(1980)..How Maui Found His Father and The Magic JawboneLansdown.Press,.New.Zealand.

Pohatu,.Warren.(2000).Traditional Maori Legends - Nga Tai KoreroReed.Publishing.(NZ).Ltd.

Mataira,.Katarina.(1972). Maui and the Big FishAngus.&.Robertson,.Hong.Kong.

47

WebsitesUsed for research into this resource:

http://www.seafood.co.nz The.Seafood.Industry.Council.website...Have.a.look.at.their.teaching.resource.aimed.at.level.2.-3.for.other.ideas..

www.southernseabirds.orgSouthern.Seabird.Solutions.website...

www.greatestmeal.co.nzMore.interesting.facts.about.seafood.

http://www.geocities.com/kiwikidz.geo/rockyshore.html Fantastic.website.written.by.a.New.Zealand.Teacher...Many.of.the.facts.and.ideas.in.this.resource.are.taken.from.this.website.

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/themes/fish.shtmlGreat.website.for.simple.craft.ideas,.activities.and.poems.

http://www.natlib.govt.nz/index.htmlNational.Library.website...Contact.them.for.a.list.of.books.and.videos.on.the.topic.you.wish.

http://www.geocities.com/SouthBeach/Pointe/9162/maori.html#myths Website.which.gives.you.brief.details.on.Maui.and.the.famous.legends.

http://teacher.scholastic.com/ A.great.site.which.offers.you.ideas.and.lesson.plans.on.folktales.

http://mythicjourneys.org/bigmyth/2_eng_myths.htm An.interesting.site.to.look.at.for.myths.from.around.the.world...Full.of.ideas.and.ques-tions.for.older.children.

http://www.worldwildlife.org/oceans/ Join.WWF.to.help.our.pollution.oceans.–.an.interesting.website.with.a.lot.of.information.about.current.ecological.issues.

http://www.doc.govt.nz/community/001%7efor-schools/002~Themes/007~Marine/index.asp Department.of.Conservation.website.link...Gives.you.links.to.resources.on.related.topics.

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Appendixmusic from