Cape 2003 Unit 1 Paper 2

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SECTION AAttempt ALL questions. You MUST write in this answer booklet. You must NOT spend morethan 30 minutes on this section.

1. The apparatus hown n Figure I canbe used o determine he accelerationdue o gravity.

Electromagnet

Figure IAs the electromagnet is turned off, the electric timer starts and the ball drops. When the ball hitsthe metal plate the timer stops. The ball falls through a distance of 65.0 cm before hitting themetal plate.The ball was dropped four times and the times were recorded as follows:T ime to fal l = 0.361 s; 0.383 s: 0.374 s: 0.365 s.(a) Determine the averageof theseresults and write down the value of the time that shouldbe used in calculations. Include an estimate of the uncertainty in this value.

[3 marks]

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(b) Find thevalue or the acceleration ue o gravity rom this experiment.

[3 marks](c) Distinguishbetween systematic'and randomerrors'.

[2 marks](d) How might random errors be,reduced n this case?

[1 mark ](e) Identify oNE sourceof a systematicerror in this experiment.

[1 mark ITotal 10 marks

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2. An oscil lating systemhasa period, Z, which is related o the length, , of the suspension y th eequation T = aln, where a and n areconstants.Table I shows the time periods obtained as the length was changed.

llmm 231 292 4 l l 5 1 5 859Tls 0.94 1.06 r.27 1.42 1.86

Thble 1(a) Plot a suitable graph using the axes on page 7 to allow you to determine the values of a

and n.

[4 marks](b) Use the graph to find the value of n.

[2 marks](c) Use your value of n to find a.

[2 marks](d) Suggestan accuratemeans of determining the time period, Z.

[2 marks]Total 10 marks

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3. 23.02.82.62.4) ' ,2. 01.81.61.41.21.00.80.60.40.2o,

-0.2-0.4-0.6-0.8

- l

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3. The graph on page 9 shows the variation of temperaturewith time for I .l kg of water heated na kettle.(a) Explainwhy the graph or the first 275s is Nor a straight ine.

[2 marksl iI(b) Thepowerof theheatingelement n thekettle s 1.6kW. If the heat ossesare gnored,what valuewould the data give for the specificheatcapacityof water.

[3 marks](c) The acceptedvalue for the specific heat capacity of water is 4 200 J kg-t K-1. SuggestTWO ways of improving the accuracy of the value determined in (b) above.

[2 marks](d) Describe how the specific latent heat of vaporization could be determined using thissameapparatus.


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Temperature time graph for water beingheated

\i

Temp/ oC

100

40

30

90

80

70

60

50

20

l0;1t

0

.

- ! L-l

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- ' l ' I 'ti . . . :'- i-.1

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.- i- - ..i' . i . . - i -

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i--.i '11I:,--a.-.

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.i..!.-.1----.-t.-; {. .-i--{-'i'-':

.l- ,--!.. -{--

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(a ).

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( i) What sa) kineticenergy?b) potentialenergy?

(ii) A body of mass n starts rom rest and acquiresa velocity,v. Showthat thekineticenergyof the mass,m, is givenby E* - | mvz.(iii) a) What energychange akesplace when a ball bearing s falling at itsterminal velociW?

b) What causes his energy change to take place? [8 marks]The graph in Figure 3 shows the variation of the net force, F, acting on a box as t movesa distance,x, along the ground in a straight line.

Figure 3(i) How is the orceon theball differentwhen ts value s

a) +4 N?b ) - 4 N ?

(ii) Find the work doneon thebox during the first 5 m of movement.(iii) Find the kinetic energyof the box after it hasmoved 8 metres.

[6 marks](c) (i) Calculate he speedat which any object will reach the ground after beingreleasedrom rest rom a height of l1 000 m . (Air resistancemay be neglected

in this calculation).(ii) An aeroplane f rnass170 x 103kg cruisesat 900 km hr -r 1250m s-r). Themaximumpermittedanding speed s 180km hr -t (50 m s-r).

Determine he kinetic energy hat mustbe 'lost'before landing.[6 marks]

Total 20 marks

(b)

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(a ).

- 1 2 -MODULE 2

AnswerEITHER Question OR euestion7.A sound wave is a longitudinal wave and a particular note has a frequency of 500 Hzand travels a speedof 340 m s-I.(i) Define the terms 'longitudal wave' and 'frequency'.

(ii) Sketch and label graphs to representa) displacement against positionb) displacement against time, for the wave above.

(iii) For EACH graph drawn in (a) (ii) insert the scale on the horizontal axis.[5 marks]

( i ) Expla in the terms ' intensity of sound' and ' thresholdof hearing' . State heintensity level, in dB, for the threshold of hearing.(ii) Consider the information in Table 2 below.

Sound Intensity Intensitv Level

Rupture of eardrum(Wm-z;104

(dB)160

Jetengine 1 0 130Thresholdof pain I t20Conversation l0-6 60Whisper l 0 - 1 0 20

Thble 2a) Deduce he ntensityof thesound rom a motor-bikewhere he ntensityIevel s 80 dB.b) A person's arcollectssound rom an effectivearea f 0.4 cm2.What sthe power ncidenton theear at the thresholdof hearing?

[8 marks](c);ritffi#:1cf":'"i::*:jtru l::T;:ttdli+1i#T[4 marks](d) The fundamentalrequency,o,of avibrating,stretched tring s givenby fo = +^[ # ,where is the engthof thestring,Z is the tensionn thestring andm s themass erunitlength. For a string of mass 1.6 x l0-3 kg and length 0.80 m find its fundamentalfrequencywhena massof I kg is hung from its end. [3 marks]

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(b )

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7. (a) (i) State he conditions necessary o observe nterferenceof light using TWO sourcesof light.

(ii) Describe a demonstration of Young's double slit inference.(iii) State he formula for the fringe spacingand state he meaning of EACH of the

terms used. [8 marks]

(b) Young's fringes were formed using monochromatic light and two slits with a separationof 0.55 Irun .Twelve fringes occupying a distanceof t6 mm were observedon a screen 1.3 m away.

(i) Calculate the wavelength of the light used and state ts colour.(ii) State whether or not there would be a bright or dark fringe at the centre of the

pattern and explain your answer.(iii) Describe what would be seen if ONE slit were to be covered by an opaque

material. ,(iv) Describe the effect of replacing the monochromatic light source with one of

white light when using BOTH slits.(v) What would be the effect on the fringes of gradually increasing the width of the

single source slit?[12 marks]

Total 20 marks

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MODULE 3Answer EITHER Question8 OR Question 9.

8. (a) (i) a) StateTHREE assumptionsmade n the kinetic rheoryof gases.b) Explain how thekinetic theory s used o explain the pressuren a gas.

(ii) Threemolecules avespeeds f v, 4v and 8v. What is their meanspeedandroot meansquare r.m.s-) peed? [8 marks]

(b) Thetemperatureof 3.0molof Oxygelisinceasedfrom 2TOKto320Kwhileitspressure ;is kept at constantpressureof 5 x td pa. - |Calculate he(i) thermal energy supplied to the gas i

(ii) change n volume of the gas(iii) work done by the gas as it expands.

(c) The same gas is now heated rom 27OK to 320 K at a constant volume.(i) What is the increase n internal energy?

(ii) Find the molar heat capacity at constant volume for oxygen.(Molar heat capacity at constantpressure - 29 J mol-l K-l) [12 marks]

Total 20 marks

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(a ). ( i )

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Define he ollowing erms:a)b)

DensiryPressure

(b )

(c )

(ii) Derive the equation AP = pgAh where AP is the change n pressure n a liquid,g is the accelerationdue to gravity and Ah is the change in depth in a liquid.(iii) Explain how coastal winds are generated n the Caribbean.

[8 marks]Gases have densities of the order of I kg m-3 to 2 kg m-r while solids have densities ofthe order of 2 000 kg m-r tol0 000 kg m-:. Use the kinetic theory of matter to explainthe difference in the order of the size of these densities. [2 marks]Figure 4 shows a rectangular beaker of cross-sectionalarea 140 cm2. It contains aliquid, L, of densiry 8.2 x 102kg cm-3.

l ^140cml "

t 3.0cmA l

B r

(i)( i )

( i i i )(iv)

Figure 4Calculate the pressuredue to Liquid L at depthsof 3.0 cm and 14.0 cm.Find the net force acting on the Liquid L betweenplanesAA, and BB,.Determine the weight of liquid between the planesAA, and BB, .What is the upthrust on an object which when placed in the Liquid L, causedthe liquid level to rise from BB, to AAr?


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Cape 2003 Unit 1 Paper 2