capacity enhancement for

disaster response in Indiawith focus on mumbai

Dr P.M. Nair

Chair professor, TISS, Mumbai

former DGP ,NDRF &CD

nairpm@hotmail.com

NDRF – Bns & Teams Locations

7th Bn Ludhiyana1. Srinagar2. Kangra

8th Ghaziabad1. Delhi (CBRN)2. Lucknow

6th Bn Vadodara1.Gandhinagar2. Barmer

5th Bn Pune1. Bangalore2. Mumbai (CBRN)

4th Bn Arakkonam1. Chennai2. Portblair3. Kozhikode

10th Bn Guntur1. Hyderabad2.Vishakhapatanam

3rd Bn Mundali1. Baleshwar

2nd Bn Kalyani1. Kolkata (CBRN)2. Siliguri3. Gangtok

1st Bn Guwahati1. Aizawl2. Itanagar

9th Bn Patna1. Varanasi2. Supaul

NDRF Bns

Team Locations

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2

1

2

1

2

2

1 1 2

12

1 1

2

32

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12

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Role of NDRF

During Disaster

Specialised Response: Professional, sustained, enduring

Versatility: malleability, technology integrated, variety

Impending disaster

Proactive deployment during impending disaster situations

Preparatory assessment and preparation

Non disaster period

Acquire and continually upgrade its own training and skills

Impart basic and operational training to State Response Forces (SDRF, Police, Civil Defence and Home Guards, Civilians)

Assist in Community Training & Preparedness

Liaison, Reconnaisance, Rehearsals and Mock Drills

Evaluation, assessment, course correction, improvement.

NDRF: professionalism is acquired…

1. Search & Rescue

INSARAG (UNOCHA) Trg. Standard

Asian disaster preparedness centre( ADPC), Bangkok

USAID : PEER Programme

Swiss Development Corpn, Berne

Safety Solutions Inc., Florida (USA)

2. Canine

Adv. Dog Handlers Trg. SDC, Berne

3. Helislithering

IAF Base at Nahan, Guwahati, Agra & Bangalore

NDRF: professional trgs… contd…

4. Under Water Rescue Life Saving Society, Kolkata

Sea Explorer Institute, Kolkata

Naval Deep Diving Institute, Kochi

5. CBRN Emergencies OPCW, The Hague

Singapore Civil Defence Academy

College of Military Engineering, Pune

DRDE Gwalior

INMAS, New Delhi

BARC, Mumbai

6. Medical Response AIIMS Trauma Centre

NDRF inMUMBAI metropolitan region: A case study of good practices

• One Bn of NDRF (originally CRPF) located atSudumbre, Maharashtra: Well establishedcampus

• Two teams of NDRF have been prepositionedin Mumbai for tackling any disaster, since2013 .

Mumbai MetropolitanRegion (MMR) extendsover an area of 4355 sqr.kmand comprises MunicipalCorporation of GreaterMumbai (MCGM), Thane,Kalyan Navi Mumbai andUlhansnagar, 15 Municipaltowns, 7 non municipalurban center and 995villages. Its Administrativelimit cover Mumbai city,Mumbai suburban Districtsand parts of Thane andRaigad districts.

Geography of Mumbai

Greater Mumbai is consisted originally of seven islands which were joinedtogether by land reclamation projects through the years,

Geography of MumbaiThe original seven islands of Bombay consisted of 22 hills. Most of them were razed to fill in the shallows to connect the islands. The hills still standing today are:

Malabar Hill — the highest point in the city areaCumbala Hill, Antop Hill, Sewri Hill, Gilbert HillWorli Hill, Pali Hill, Mazgaon Hill, Sion Hill, Mahakali Hill, Golanji Hill, Pulshachi DongriSalamati Hill

THREE HILL RANGES in Greater Mumbai :

Powai Hills : Vihar , Tulsi Lake Present in this hills…height 450 mtr (1480 ft)

Trombay

Ghatkopar

Powai

Ghatkopar Hills: Runs parallel to the Central railway Track ….inhibited by slums…landslide occurs during monsoon

Trombay Hills: Eastern part of the city….hight 302 mtr(991 ft)

disaster threats in Mumbai•Hydrological and Climatological Disaster.•Floods•Cyclones•Sea Erosions•Geological Disaster: Earthqake and Landslide•Chemical, industrial and nuclear disasters•Accidents Related disasters•Fire ,oil spills,•Major building collapses,•Festival stampede,Air ,•road and rail accidents •Biological disaster ,epidemic•and…

Vulnerability of Mumbai City

• India’s financial &commercial capital .

• Extreme populated & structural density.

• Costal city with massive reclamation

• Rainfall characteristics average 2363mm/year.

• Located in seismological zone –3.

• High rise buildings above 70 mtrs.

• Industries dealing with hazardous material.

• Strategic target in war time & for subversive activities .

Vulnerable mapping of Mumbai

•Flooding Spot --- 266

•Chronic Flooding Spots --- 55

•Landslide prone Area --- 123

•Slum Locality Within High tide Line --- 57

•Building Vulnerable to collapse 728

Hazard Vulnerability risk profile of Mumbai

1. Vulnerable settlements :

More than 3000 slum settlements (2335 slum settlements

as per 1985 data)

Considered as vulnerable settlement due to their locations and access to infrastructure.

The location includes hilltop,slopes ,nallas,low lying areas (with tendency to flood during high tides),costal location ,under high tension wire ,along highways, along railway lines,within industrial zones, along open drainage.

Hazard Vulnerability risk profile of Mumbai…contd…

2.Floods : There are a number of flooding points which result in disruption of traffic and flooding of settlements.

3.Fires : Mumbai has greatly diversified and practically every type of fire risk.

Large no. of closely built old timber framed building

High rise building with inadequate fire fighting facilities.

Small, Medium and heavy hazardous industries in sub urban area

Wide spread dock area

Petrochemicals industries

4.Building collapses2013

On 4 april a 7 story building collapsed at mumbra.

0n 10 june a 5 story building collapsed at Mahim dargah.

On 22 june a 4 story building collapsed at Dahisar thane.

On 4 july a 2 story building collapsed at Bhiandi.

On 21 Sept. a 4 story building collapsed at Mumbra.

On 27 Sept. a 4 story building collapsed at Mazgaon dockyard .

2014

• On 14 march a 7 story building collapsed at Wakola, Santakruz.

Disaster Management set up at Mumbai

It is looked after by Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai(MCGM).

ADM Wing:

• Municipal Commissioner –Chief Disaster Management Authority MCGM area.

• Four Addl.Municipal Commissioner – Disaster management chief for Western Suburbs, Mumbai city, Eastern Suburbs.

Disaster Management set up at Mumbai …contd…

• 23 Deputy Municipal Commissioner –To look after various Depts.

• 30 Asst,Commisioners– Disaster Manager of respective ward.

Elected rep wing :

• City Mayor

• Ward councilors

Disaster Management at Mumbai

Responders.

• Three teams NDRF(5 Bn pune) stationed at Andheri sports complex capable to respond in any type of man made & natural disaster.

• Fire Brigade has 27 fire station with HQ at Byculla and suburbs HQ at Marol &Andheri (E)

Enhancing Capacity

Pre Disaster Phase

• Prevention

• Preparedness

• Capacity Building

• Community Based Disaster Management.

• Public Awareness

• Synergy of stakeholders

Post Disaster Phase

• Prompt ,Efficient, Postive, professional response

• Reconstruction &recovery (building back better)

• Technology & Skills integration

• Human touch

DRR

Mitigation

PreventionReconstruction

Preparedness

Emergency and ResponseRescue and

Humanitarian Aid

Relief and Rehabilitation

Recovery

SUSTAINABLE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT

Enhancing Capacity

• Strengthen Early Warning & Detection• Data collection ,Management &mapping• Hazard Zonation Maps.• Urban flooding forecasting & modeling.• Industrial safety .• Health Safety

1.Disease Survillance system .2.Mass casualty Management.3. trauma life support.

Enhancing Capacity

Communication & Information Tech.

Robust & fail proof communication system.

Use of modern technologies

(including GIS, satellite Imaging etc )

Linking up with the Expert agencies of the Govt of India and the States

Regular data base management .

Enhancing Capacity

• Mass Sensitization and public awareness

• Capacity Enhancement of different stakeholders involved in response:– SDRF, Civil Defence, Homeguards, Fire Services,

Police, Paramilitary, Defence personnel, students, civilians, elected reps, administrators etc

• Testing Emergency Communication and Co-ordination.

• Select area of Reinforcement &improvisation

Outreach programme of NDRF

• During non disaster period

• Regularly imparting training to public at different levels: including college students, Police ,fire ,Army, Navy ,NGOs etc

• Training content and methodology oriented and tailored according to the target audience

• In 2013-14 only more than 10000 persons have been trained on DM in Maharashtra

TRAINING PROGRAMMES FOR INDIAN ARMY

TRAINING OF CBRN TEAM OF MUMBAI POLICE

TRAINING PROGRAMMES FOR SRPF KARNATAKA

TRAINING PROGRAMMES FOR INDIAN NAVY

TRAINING FOR NSS VOLUNTEERS AT RAHURI AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY.TRAINING TO 1000 NSS VOLUNTEERS AT AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, RAHURI FROM

“AVHAN” with Students

Enhancing Capacity

• Regular mock exercises in co-ordination with all the stake holders: it helps to identify the strength and weakness of the mumbai city disaster management plan and help to better prepare the city future events.

synergy with other stakeholders

a glimpse into good practices in

disaster management in Maharashtra

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CHLORINE NEUTRALIZATION OP• 24/07/09 to 25/07/09.

• Chlorine cylinders at Sewerage treatment plant, Bhiwandi,Thane District (MH)developed leak.

• 16 persons including 10 children and 06 adultsfrom slum area around plant got affected due tofirst exposure of chlorine gas.

•NDRF team stopped the chlorine gas leakageby patching and dissolving the leaking chlorinegas into a nearby pond.

•Team evacuated 1600 people from the nearbyarea to a safe distance.

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CHLORINE GAS LEAKAGE AT MUMBAI PORT

• On 14/07/10 one chlorine cylinder startedleaking.• 113 persons from nearby area affected andadmitted to the hospital .• NDRF Team of 49 responded, started rescue at1230 hrs on 14/07/10.• Team segregated 05 filled cylinder weighing700 kgs with 900 ltrs of chlorine gas and startedneutralization process of these filled cylinders.• NDRF team conducted this ops 24 days.Neutralize 105 cl and 654 others gas cylinders.

CHLORINE NEUTRALISATION

.

Mumbra Building Collapse

• Seven storey building collapses trapping more than 130 persons on 4/4/13 at 1830 hrs

• Two teams of NDRF led by the Commandant swung into action

• Continuous, hectic efforts yielded rescue of 62 trapped live victims and recovery of 72 dead bodies

• 40 hours of tireless operation

MAZGAON BUILDING COLLAPSE

Five storey building collapse at Brahmadev , khot marg,Dock yard,Mazgaon , Mumbai on 27/09/13 to 29/09/13

Teams of NDRF rescued 33 live victims and extricated 60 dead bodies

INTERNATIONAL DEPLOYMENTPLACE OF DEPLOYMENT -JAPANDATE OF DEPLOYMENT - March /April 2011NO OF TEAM - 01 TeamACHIEVMENT - Team retrieved many dead bodies and

recovered 50 million yen in cash.

HANDED OVER CASH WORTH MILLIONS OF YEN TO POLICE RECOVERY & HAND OVER OF DEAD BODY

The strength• Sweat in peace• Mapping:

– terrain mapping– Resource mapping – Human mapping– Vulnerability mapping

• Gap analysis• Need analysis• Synergy with stake holders• “Train together, work together”• Utilization of professional skills and technology• The most important aspect, the human element: Special care of

women, children, old, infirm and other vulnerable persons

CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT

• KSARRC• Knowledge

Terrain, Human, Resource, Vulnerability mapping

• Skillsharnessing human potentialtechnology integration, utilisationquality assessment, assuranceHR aspects: Human trafficking, Issues of women, children, old, infirm and other vulnerable persons

•

CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT

• Attitudinal changes– Understanding human issues, traffickers

• Resources– Material, Technical, ICT, Communication, survival

• Research and innovation– NDRF experience in Hardwar

• Co-ordination – All agencies

– Challenging tasks

Technology

• High-tech

• Rural & local

• Innovative

• Appropriate– Example: Netra

• Utilization

• Evaluation

• Improvement

RESPONDERS

• Statutory and others

• First, secondary, referral

• Statutory includes police, HG, CD , Fire services, SDRF, CAPF, NDRF

• Others include public at large, esp vulnerable persons

• Local administration at village, taluk, district

TARGET ORIENTED CAPACITY BUILDING

• Local Resources to be harnessed

– Dhubri case study

• Local persons know better

– Supaul case study

• Hence programmes to be oriented accordingly, in content and methodology

• Strength of NDRF lies in this aspect: ears to the ground

Challenges n way forward• Research into the issues and response, improvements

and strengthening accordingly• National Grid on disaster response created in May 2012,

but was not allowed to sustain: Need to synergize andbuild a National Grid on DM, involving all statutoryresponders, esp NDRF+ SDRF+ Civil Defence+ HomeGuards+ Fire services+ Local Police

• National awareness and momentum on the bestresponses in Prevention, Mitigation, Risk reduction, etc,involving everybody as stakeholder and bringing inaccountability as dutyholder.

• Role of media in making disaster management a habit.• Political involvement and leadership is vital.

• Compendium of best practices to be made

• List of resource persons and experts in the field

• Upload into the website

• Utilize their services

• Annual reward for the best response in prevention and mitigation and post care action as well as research and innovation

thanks for your attention

Dr P.M. Nair

Chair professor, TISS, Mumbai

(former DGP of NDRF, Civil Defence, Fire Services and Home Guards, Govt of India)

nairpm@hotmail.com