CAP 042 Math/Science Project include multiple trials in your experiment. Step 6: Create your data table. Create a data table before you begin the experiment

CAP 042 Integrated Math and Science

Name__________________________________________________________________

CAP 042 Math/Science Project

This term Math/Science CAP 042 students will do a term long project. This project is going

have you explore a topic using the scientific method. The scientific method is a method

scientists, mathematicians, researchers, and everyday people use to answer questions. You will

pick a question to research, make observations about it, research it, make a hypothesis,

develop an experiment about it and then do the experiment. You will then graph your data,

analyze the data, recognize sources of error and also form a conclusion. Then you will present

your research to the class. I recommend typing up each section of the project as you go to

avoid having to redo this at the end.

Scientific Method Steps Overview

1. Ask a question‐

2. Make observations‐

3. Research‐

4. Make a hypothesis‐

5. Develop an experiment‐

6. Obtain data‐

7. Analyze data

8. Identify errors

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9. Write a conclusion

10. Share results

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NAME__________________________________

Step 1: Ask a question Due:________________

You can explore virtually any question using the scientific method.

For this project we are going to ask a question in this format:

How does _________________affect _______________?

For example we could ask the question, how does height affect armspan?

The item in the first blank is the independent variable. The item in the second blank is the

dependent variable. The independent variable is the one that you change intentionally. For

example, I would choose people of various heights to help with this experiment. The

dependent variable is dependent on the independent. It changes according to the independent

variable.

What is your question? Be sure to use the proper format.

Step 2: Make observations

What do you already know about the topic? What observations can you make about it from

your experience? Please note these below. Make at least 3 observations.

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NAME__________________________________

Step 3: Research Due:________________

Spend some time researching this topic. Has research already been done on this topic? What

did the research find? Record your findings and your sources below.

Step 4: Hypothesis

A hypothesis is an educated guess. Here is your time to predict what will happen in your

experiment. Will armspan increase as height increases? Will it decrease? Will it stay the same?

From your observations and research, make a statement predicting the results.

For example: I think that as the height of a person increases, the arm span will also increase.

Now make a hypothesis for your question:

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NAME__________________________________

Step 5: Create an Experiment Due:________________

Create an experiment. While you create the experiment, the only thing you should change is

the independent variable. Everything else is known as a control and should be kept the same

to reduce chances of error. For example, in the height vs. armspan experiment, it would be

important to have the same person record all of the measurements. It would be important to

use the same measuring device. It would also be important to have each person stand the

same. It is important to include your controls in your experiment write up. (Note: In some

cases a control is an experiment that you make no change to.) Indicate the accuracy to which

each measurement should be made.

Be very specific in what you write so that it can be easily repeated if needed. If time permits,

it is also preferred that you repeat the experiment multiple times to see if the results are

consistent.

Write a procedure for your experiment below. Use a lot of detail, include your controls and

also include multiple trials in your experiment.

Step 6: Create your data table.

Create a data table before you begin the experiment.

After your data table is approved begin collecting data. Data is due__________________

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Name__________________________________________________

Step 7: Analyze your data

Now that you have your data. Do the following. Note: Not all of these apply to every project.

Check with your instructor if you have questions.

1. Decide what type of graph would best represent your data.

2. Find the mean, median, mode, and range

3. Find the percentages, rates or ratios necessary to describe your data.

4. Find the slope of your line and the equation of the best fit line.

5. Describe in words the meaning of the slope and intercepts in context.

6. Write large or small values using scientific notation.

7. Include any other calculations that the teacher requests.

8. Show all calculations by hand on a separate sheet of paper.

9. Add this information to your data table in an organized way.

10. Significant figures should be used correctly in all calculations and in all data.

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Name_____________________________

Step 8: Find errors DUE:_____________________

Every experiment includes errors. Sometimes error is in the lack of precision of a measuring

device. Other times it is due to human error, such as how quickly you can touch a stop watch

button. There are sometimes more obvious errors such as your data is wrong or you forgot to

control some part of the experiment.

Write a paragraph describing all sources of error that you can identify that are specific to your

experiment. Also describe how you would change the experiment if you did it again.

Step 9: Write a conclusion

Write a short conclusion stating what you found in your experiment. This could be as easy as

stating I supported my hypothesis because….. Write your conclusion below.

Step 10: Presentation: Due____________________

The final step is for you to share your work at the Open House. You will create a

poster that is well organized to help.

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CAP 042 Math/Science Project Rubric

Name______________________________________

Category Exceeds Expectations (5 pts)

Meets Expectations (4 pts)

Work in progress (3 pts)

Needs improvement (1 pt)

Process and Revisions

Project is completed by the due date.

Deadlines for all steps of the process are met.

Suggestions offered by the teacher and peers to improve the quality of the project are used.


Deadlines for most steps of the process are met.

Most suggestions offered by the teacher and peers to improve the quality of the project are used.


Deadlines for some steps of the process are met.

Some suggestions offered by the teacher and peers to improve the quality of the project are used.

Project is NOT completed by the due date.

Deadlines for no steps of the process are met.

A few suggestions offered by the teacher and peers to improve the quality of the project are used.

Question

Observation

Research

Hypothesis

Question is written in the given format with an independent and dependent variable that are measurable.

3+ Observations are made.

Research is done and sources are recorded.

The hypothesis states the relationship between variables in a very clear format.

Question is written in the given format with an independent and dependent variable that are measurable.

Less than 3 observations are made.

Some research is done and sources are recorded.

The hypothesis states the relationship between variables.

Question is written in the given format but may not be measureable.

Less than 3 observations are made.

Some research is done.

The hypothesis attempts to state the relationship between variables.

Question is written.

Minimal or no observations are made.

Little or no research is done.

The hypothesis doesn’t state the relationship between variables.

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Experiment Design and Data

Experiment steps are clearly written and include enough detail for another to repeat. Repeated trials are done (if time permits).

Steps are followed by for the actual experiment.

Data is clearly recorded in a well designed data table.

Correct significant figures are used on all data.

Correct scientific notation is used on any large or small values.

Proper units are included on all data.

Multiple experiment controls are used.

Experiment steps include enough detail for another person to repeat it.

Steps are followed by for the actual experiment.

Data is recorded in a data table.

Correct significant figures are used on all data.

Correct scientific notation is used on any large or small values.

Proper units are included on most data.

Some experiment controls are used.

Experiment steps include some detail.

Steps are followed during the experiment.

Data is recorded in a data table.

An attempt is made to use correct significant figures.

An attempt is made to use scientific notation for any large or small values.

Proper units are included on some data.

At least one experiment control is used.

Experiment steps include little or no detail.

Data is recorded.

Significant figures are not used.

No attempt is made to write numbers in scientific notation.

Units are not included.

No experiment controls are used.

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Analysis of project

Data is correctly analyzed using all methods discussed with the teacher. (These can be project specific.)

All calculations are neatly shown and are accurate.

Results are neatly graphed and axes are labeled. Graph has a title and an appropriate scale. Units are included. Coordinate grid is used for the graph.

A thorough analysis of error is included and changes to future experiments are suggested.

Conclusion relates back to the hypothesis.

Data is analyzed using all methods discussed with the teacher. (These can be project specific.)

All calculations are shown and are accurate.

Results are graphed and axes are labeled. Graph has a title and an appropriate scale. Units are included. Coordinate grid is used for the graph.

An analysis of error is included and changes to future experiments are suggested.

Conclusion relates back to the hypothesis.

Data is analyzed using methods discussed with the teacher. (These can be project specific.)

Some calculations are shown and are mostly accurate.

Results are graphed in a readable manor.

An analysis of error is attempted but needs to be more complete.

Conclusion attempts to relate back to the hypothesis.

Some data analysis is included.

Some calculations may be shown but are not accurate.

Results are graphed.

An analysis of error is attempted.

Conclusion is included.

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Presentation Student is able to discuss the project confidently and is able to answer questions.

Presented materials are neat and all steps are represented in an organized manner.

It is visually appealing.

Student is able to discuss the project and is able to answer most questions.

Presented materials are neat and all steps are represented.

There is some visual appeal.

Student is able to discuss most aspects the project and is able to answer some questions.

Presented materials represent most steps.

Student is able to discuss some aspects and attempts to answer questions.

Some presentation materials are used.

Lab Report Lab report has been edited, all required steps are included.

Report is typed, formatted and has few errors.

All recommended changes are made.

Lab report has been edited, all required steps are included

Report is not typed, but readable.

There are relatively few errors.

Most recommended changes are made.

Lab report has most required steps and is typed.

There is some evidence of editing.

Some recommended changes are made.

Lab report has some of the required steps.

There is little or no evidence of editing.

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Name________________________________ Scientific Method: Writing a question When writing a question to explore in science, you need to have an independent and a dependent variable. Variables are factors that change. The independent variable (IV) is intentionally changed. The dependent variable (DV) changes as a result of the change in independent variable. These variables both need to be measureable. You should use the form “How does ______________ affect _______________?”. The independent variable goes in the first blank and the dependent variable goes in the second blank. For the following scenarios, come up with a research question that is measureable. Use the example as a guide. Example: Elsa notices that the days that she uses a computer more she has a harder time falling asleep. What question could she use to explore the relationship? How does _______________affect _______________? IV DV Elsa is interested in the time she uses a computer compared to the time it takes her to fall asleep. The time she uses a computer is measurable, you can record this information throughout the day. This is the independent variable because she can intentionally change this. She can also measure how long it takes her to fall asleep at night. This is the dependent variable because she thinks it is the result of using a computer more.

1. Sandra notices that when she eats more sugar, she gets more headaches. What question could she use to explore the relationship?

How does _______________affect _______________? IV DV Is the IV measurable? Yes/No What would you do to measure it? Is the DV measurable? Yes/No What would you do to measure it?

2. Juan notices that his dog gets equally excited when receiving a small amount of food or a large amount of food. What question could he use to explore the relationship?


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3. Damian makes an observation that he makes more goals in soccer from some locations on the field than others. What question could he use to explore the relationship?


4. Robert says that he can shovel wet snow faster than dry snow. What question could he use to explore the relationship?


5. Jaime says her little brother cries more at night than other times of day. What question could she use to explore the relationship?


6. Kai says that the more time she spends studying, the better she does on tests. What question could she use to explore the relationship?


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Name___________________________________________ Scientific Method: Researching your question. You now have written a research question and made observations about your topic. Now you will need to do research on your topic. For each of the situations that follow, think about what you would research. You do not actually need to do the research. Example: How does the amount of time using a computer affect the time it takes to fall asleep? Research topic(s): How does computer use affect sleep? Can you think of any others? What would be some key words of your search?

1. How does the amount of sugar one eats affect the number of headaches someone gets?

Research topic(s): Keywords:

2. How does the amount of food I feed my dog affect the dog’s excitement level? Research topic(s):

Keywords:

3. How does the position on the field affect the number of goals Damian makes?


4. How does the weight of snow affect the speed of shoveling?


5. How does the time of day affect how much Jaime’s brother cries?


6. How does the amount of time spent studying affect the score Kai gets on a test?

Research topic(s):

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Keywords:

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Name_________________________ Scientific Method: Writing a hypothesis After you have a research question and you have made observations and done research, it is time to make a hypothesis. The hypothesis tells what you predict will happen. It tells the relationship between the variables and is based on the observations and research that you do. Example: Elsa notices that the days that she uses a computer more she has a harder time falling asleep. Question: How does the amount of time using a computer affect the time it takes to fall asleep? Hypothesis: The more time Elsa spends using the computer, the longer it will take her to fall asleep. For each of the following, use the information given to create a hypothesis.

1. Sandra notices that when she eats more sugar, she gets more headaches. Question: How does the amount of sugar one eats affect the number of headaches that she gets?

Hypothesis:

2. Juan notices that his dog gets equally excited when receiving a small amount of food or a large amount of food. Question: How does the amount of food I feed my dog affect the dog’s excitement level? Hypothesis:

3. Damian makes an observation that he makes more goals in soccer from some locations

on the field than others. Question: How does the position on the field affect the number of goals Damian makes? Hypothesis:

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4. Robert says that he can shovel wet snow faster than dry snow. Question: How does the weight of snow affect the speed of shoveling? Hypothesis:

5. Jaime says her little brother cries more at night than other times of day.

Question: How does the time of day affect how much Jaime’s brother cries? Hypothesis:

6. Kai says that the more time she spends studying, the better she does on tests. Question: How does the amount of time spent studying affect the score Kai gets on a test? Hypothesis:

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Name_____________________________________________ Scientific Process: Designing an experiment and controls After you make a hypothesis, it is time to design an experiment. You should list steps needed to gather data about the relationship between the variables. You should be specific so that the experiment can be repeated by someone else. You should also factor in multiple trials. When designing experiment take into account things that you need to control. These are other potential things that can affect your results. Keeping these consistent makes it easier to show a relationship between variables. In some experiments a control also refers to what happens if no changes are made. Example: How does the amount of time using a computer affect the time it takes to fall asleep? Experiment steps:

1. Record how long the computer is used each day. I will record this every day at lunch and dinner time.

2. Record the time it takes to fall asleep. (Take data every morning estimating the time it took the night before.)

3. I will be sure to sleep for 8 hours a day, drink only 1 caffeinated beverage a day in the morning, exercise the same amount I usually do (30 minutes a day). These are my controls

4. I will repeat daily for 3 weeks. For the following examples, determine the steps you would take to get data. Be sure to indicate controls used.

1. How does the amount of sugar one eats affect the number of headaches she gets? Experiment steps:

2. How does the amount of food I feed my dog affect the dog’s excitement level? Experiment steps:

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Experiment steps:

4. How does the weight of snow affect the speed of shoveling? Experiment steps:

5. How does the time of day affect how much Jaime’s brother cries? Experiment steps:

6. How does the amount of time spent studying affect the score Kai gets on a test? Experiment steps:

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Name__________________________________________ Scientific Process: Creating a data table After you have designed an experiment it is time to begin to collect data. You need to design a data table in which to collect your data. You may look back at the experiment to be sure that your data table reflects the steps you use. You may also include an extra column for notes/comments that you have as you proceed. Be sure to include units. Example: How does the amount of time using a computer affect the time it takes to fall asleep? I need to create a table that shows the amount of time the computer is used for and the amount of time it takes for me to fall asleep each day. I will also have one column to indicate the day and one column for notes.

Date Amount of time using computer (hours)

Amount of time to fall asleep (minutes)

Notes:

For each of the following design a data table in which to collect data.


2. How does the amount of food I feed my dog affect the dog’s excitement level?

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4. How does the weight of snow affect the speed of shoveling?



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Name_______________________________ Scientific Process: Analyzing and Graphing data After you complete collecting data, you need to analyze data. You can use Measures of Central Tendencies as well as other mathematical procedures to analyze your data. Your teacher may also indicate other calculations to use as needed. Note: These are samples of data, your experiment likely has more data and may require different types of analysis. Example: How does the amount of time using a computer affect the time it takes to fall asleep? What type of calculations should you do with your data? Add the columns and rows to your data table. Do the calculations.



Notes: Ratio of Amount of time to fall asleep: time using computer

Percent of day using computer

May 15, 2015 lunch

1.5 25 minutes Had caffeine at noon

May 15, 2015 dinner

3 25 minutes

May 16, 2015 lunch

4 40 minutes

May 16, 2015 dinner

1.5 40 minutes

Mean

Median

Mode

Range

Next use the space given to graph the data. The independent variable goes on the x‐axis, the dependent variable goes on the y‐axis. Be sure to use a title and units as well. To create the graph, think about: What is your independent variable? What are the units of the independent variable? What is your dependent variable? What are the units of the dependent variable? What title should we use for the graph?

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Slope: Line equation: Meaning of slope in context:

1. How does the amount of sugar one eats affect the number of headaches someone gets ? What type of calculations should you do with your data? Add the columns and rows to your data table. Do the calculations.

Date Amount of sugar consumed (g)

Headache Yes or no

Notes: Ratio: Amount of sugar consumed : Number of headaches

May 15, 2015 130g 1 Also was getting over a cold

May 16, 2015 300g 2

May 17, 2015 200 g 0

May 18, 2015 700 g 4

May 19, 2015 450 g 3

What is your independent variable? What are the units of the independent variable? What is your dependent variable? What are the units of the dependent variable? What title should we use for the graph?

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2. How does the amount of food I offer my dog affect the dog’s excitement level? What type of calculations should you do with your data? Add the columns and rows to your data table. Do the calculations.

Date Amount of food offered to the dog (cups)

Excitement level (1‐10 1 is low)

Notes: Ratios: Amount of food offered to dog: Excitement level

May 15, 2015 AM 0.25 c 9

May 15, 2015 PM 1.25 c 10

May 16, 2015 AM 1.00 c 9

May 16, 2015 PM 1.25 c 9

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What is your independent variable? What are the units of the independent variable? What is your dependent variable? What are the units of the dependent variable? What title should we use for the graph? Slope: Line equation: Meaning of slope in context:

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3. How does the position on the field affect the number of goals Damian makes? What type of calculations should you do with your data? Add the columns and rows to your data table. Do the calculations.

Date Position on field

Number of goals made

Number of goals attempted

Notes: Percent accuracy

Ratio: Goals made : Goal attempted

May 15, 2015

10 feet directly in front of goal

5 15

May 15, 2015

20 feet directly in front of goal

6 15

May 17, 2015

10 feet from goal 45 degrees from front of goal to my left

3 15 Feeling sick

May 17, 2015

10 feet from goal 45 degrees from front of goal to my right

7 15 Feeling sick

May 20, 2015

20 feet from goal 45 degrees from front of goal to my left

3 15

What is your independent variable? What are the units of the independent variable?

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What is your dependent variable? What are the units of the dependent variable? What title should we use for the graph? Slope: Line equation: Meaning of slope in context:

4. How does the weight of snow affect the speed of shoveling? What type of calculations should you do with your data? Add the columns and rows to your data table. Do the calculations.

Date Weight of 100 ml of snow

Time to shovel my sidewalk

Notes: Ratios Weight of snow: Time

January 05, 2015 8AM

2 25 minutes Did not eat breakfast

January 16, 2015 noon

3 35 minutes

January 20 , 2015 7PM

4 40 minutes Dark outside

What is your independent variable? What are the units of the independent variable? What is your dependent variable? What are the units of the dependent variable? What title should we use for the graph?

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5. How does the time of day affect how much Jaime’s brother cries? What type of calculations should you do with your data? Add the columns and rows to your data table. Do the calculations.

Date Time Number of times he cries

Notes:

May 15, 2015 6‐9 AM llll

May 15, 2015 10AM‐1PM ll

May 15, 2015 2PM‐6 PM l He was sleeping for one hour

May 15, 2015 6PM‐9PM lllll

May 15, 2015 10PM‐6AM ll He was sleeping for a lot of the time

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What type of calculations should you do with your data? Add the columns and rows to your data table. Do the calculations.

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Date Amount of time studying (hours)

Score on test (%) Notes: Ratio: Amount of time studying: Percent on test

May 15, 2015 2 hours 90%

May 20, 2015 1 hour 75%

May 27, 2015 4 80% This test was a midterm.

June 5, 2015 1 80%

June 10, 2015 0 60%


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Name_________________________________________

Scientific Process: Writing an error analysis and a conclusion When writing an error analysis, consider if there were parts of the experiment that could be improved upon to make the results more meaningful. Consider accuracy of measure tools, situations that could not be controlled, errors in design of the experiment, sample size etc. Try to look at the data, experiment design, graphs, research, etc. When doing this. After you write an error analysis, you also need to write a conclusion. The conclusion is a simple statement that says if you supported your hypothesis or not. For this assignment, you will look back over the 6 scenarios we have been looking at and analyze what errors are present. Then you will write a conclusion statement Example: How does the amount of time using a computer affect the time it takes to fall asleep? Hypothesis: The more time Elsa spends using the computer, the longer it will take her to fall asleep. Experiment steps:

1. Record how long the computer is used each day. I will record this every day at lunch and dinner time.

2. Record the time it takes to fall asleep. (Take data every morning estimating the time it took the night before.)

3. I will be sure to sleep for 8 hours a day, drink only 1 caffeinated beverage a day in the morning, exercise the same amount I usually do (30 minutes a day). These are my controls

I will repeat daily for 3 weeks. This is a sample of her data:



Notes:

May 15, 2015 lunch

1.5 25 minutes Had caffeine at noon

May 15, 2015 dinner

3 25 minutes

May 16, 2015 lunch

4 40 minutes

May 16, 2015 dinner

1 40 minutes

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What sources of error can you identify? Discuss them in a paragraph. Even though you are given a very limited amount of data (you will collect much more), write a conclusion for what the data tells us about the hypothesis. For the following scenarios, review the data tables, graphs, and experiments to determine sources of error and create a conclusion.


A. What sources of error can you identify? Discuss them in a paragraph. B. Even though you are given a very limited amount of data (you will collect much more), write a conclusion for what the data tells us about the hypothesis.

2. How does the amount of food I feed my dog affect the dog’s excitement level?

A. What sources of error can you identify? Discuss them in a paragraph.

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B. Even though you are given a very limited amount of data (you will collect much more), write a conclusion for what the data tells us about the hypothesis.




4. How does the weight of snow affect the speed of shoveling? A. What sources of error can you identify? Discuss them in a paragraph.


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Documents

CAP 042 Math/Science Project include multiple trials in your experiment. Step 6: Create your data table. Create a data table before you begin the experiment