CANS’‘ 99 Construction, Development and Applications of CERNET: China Education and Research Network Jianping WU Director of CERNET Technical Board Director

CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99

Construction, Development and Construction, Development and Applications of CERNET: Applications of CERNET:

China Education and Research China Education and Research NetworkNetwork

Jianping WUJianping WU

Director of CERNET Technical BoardDirector of CERNET Technical Board

Director of CERNET Network CenterDirector of CERNET Network Center

Prof. of Computer Science, Tsinghua UniversityProf. of Computer Science, Tsinghua University

January 1999January 1999


OutlineOutline Internet in ChinaInternet in China China Education and Research NetworkChina Education and Research Network Growth of CERNETGrowth of CERNET Major Applications of CERNETMajor Applications of CERNET CERNET: Major Infrastructure for CERNET: Major Infrastructure for

Distance Learning in China Distance Learning in China Important IssuesImportant Issues Future of CERNETFuture of CERNET


Internet in ChinaInternet in China

International Links in ChinaInternational Links in China(before 1994)(before 1994)

CANET

CRN

TUnet

Others

X.25

GE

CA

HK

Europe

1988

1994


Internet in ChinaInternet in ChinaInternational Links in China (1998)International Links in China (1998)

IHEP

NCFC

BUCT

MPT

CERNET

KEK

Sprint

CAREN

199464 K

199464 K - 2M to USA

3 X 2M, 128 K to USA, 64K to HK, 64K to Germany

64K from 1995-1997

2 X 2M+45M to USA, 256K +128 K to other

1995

1995

1995

GBN Sprint19962M+256K


Nation-wide Internet Service Nation-wide Internet Service Providers in ChinaProviders in China

There are four Nation-wide Internet Service There are four Nation-wide Internet Service Providers in ChinaProviders in China– CERNET: China Education and Research NetworkCERNET: China Education and Research Network

– CSTNET: China Science and Technology NetworkCSTNET: China Science and Technology Network

– CHINANET: China Public Computer InternetCHINANET: China Public Computer Internet

– GBNNET: Golden Bridge Information NetworkGBNNET: Golden Bridge Information Network

To be permit to connect with Internet backbone To be permit to connect with Internet backbone directly, but have to use China Telecom directly, but have to use China Telecom international half circuitinternational half circuit

Connect each other, no exchange so far Connect each other, no exchange so far


CERNET

CSTNET

CHINANET

CHINAGBN

U. S. A.

Germany

Hong Kong

Japan

Singapore

>2M X 3

> 2M+45M

64K

64K

2M

10M

512K

2M

64K

Canada

2M

2M

U K512K Another Europe Countries

JANET and Super JANETChina Internet Connectivity's Today


China Internet (near future)China Internet (near future)

CSTNET

ChinaNet

GBN

global Internet

ISPs

CERNET

CNIX


Introduction of CERNETIntroduction of CERNET The first nation-wide academic computer The first nation-wide academic computer

network in China started in 1994network in China started in 1994 The CERNET project is funded by the The CERNET project is funded by the

Chinese government and directly managed by Chinese government and directly managed by the Ministry of Educationthe Ministry of Education

The objectives of the CERNETThe objectives of the CERNET

Establish a nation-wide education and Establish a nation-wide education and research network infrastructure to connect all research network infrastructure to connect all of the universities, institutes, and schools in of the universities, institutes, and schools in China using the up-to-date techniques China using the up-to-date techniques


First Phase of CERNET(1994-1997)First Phase of CERNET(1994-1997)

A nation-wide backbone which connects A nation-wide backbone which connects eight regional networks and connects them eight regional networks and connects them to the global Internetto the global Internet

A national network centerA national network center Ten regional network centersTen regional network centers Network management systemNetwork management system Internet applications and China Internet applications and China

information resources and applications information resources and applications


CERNET OrganizationCERNET Organization Administration BoardAdministration Board Technical BoardTechnical Board National Network CenterNational Network Center Regional Network CenterRegional Network Center Campus NetworkCampus Network

CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99tsinghua.edu.cn

CERNET StructureCERNET Structure

CERNET Backbone

Regional network

campus

network

campus

network

campus

network

Internet

Regional network Regional network

campus

network

.edu.cn

pku.edu.cn


National Network CenterNational Network Center Located in Tsinghua UniversityLocated in Tsinghua University Network Operation Center (NOC)Network Operation Center (NOC) Network Information Center (NIC)Network Information Center (NIC) High Performance Computing Center High Performance Computing Center

(HPCC)(HPCC) AccountingAccounting Education and Training Center (ETC)Education and Training Center (ETC) Others: Telecommunication, Customer Others: Telecommunication, Customer

Support, Development etc.Support, Development etc.


Regional Network CenterRegional Network Center

Regional Network NOCRegional Network NOC Regional Network NICRegional Network NIC Regional Network ETCRegional Network ETC Customer SupportCustomer Support Regional Network Design and Regional Network Design and

DevelopmentDevelopment


Growth of CERNET ISPs Growth of CERNET ISPs


Growth of CERNET HostsGrowth of CERNET Hosts


Growth of CERNET UsersGrowth of CERNET Users


BeijingBeijing 北京北京

NanjingNanjing 南京南京

ShanghaiShanghai 上海上海

GuangzhouGuangzhou 广州广州

WuhanWuhan 武汉武汉

XianXian西安西安

ChengduChengdu 成都成都

ShenyangShenyang 沈阳沈阳

CERNET Backbone in 1995CERNET Backbone in 1995

USAUSA美国美国128K128K

64K64K

2M2M ，， 19961996 年年 1010 月月


BeijinBeijingg 北京北京

NanjingNanjing 南京南京

ShanghaiShanghai 上海上海

GuangzhouGuangzhou 广州广州

WuhanWuhan 武汉武汉

XianXian西安西安

ChengduChengdu 成都成都

ShenyaShenyangng 沈阳沈阳

USUSAA美国美国128K128K

2M2M

64K64K


512K512K


CERNET Structure (1996)CERNET Structure (1996)

NationalNationalBackboneBackbone

RegionalRegionalBackboneBackbone


CampusCampus CampusCampusCampusCampusCampusCampus

…………

............


2nd Phase of CERNET (1998-1999)2nd Phase of CERNET (1998-1999) All university and institutes (1000+) will be All university and institutes (1000+) will be

connected to the CERNETconnected to the CERNET A lot of school will be connected to the A lot of school will be connected to the

CERNET CERNET High speed backbone and Internet link , High speed backbone and Internet link ,

regional networks and campus networksregional networks and campus networks New applicationsNew applications Become a very important part of China Become a very important part of China

national information infrastructure national information infrastructure


北京北京

南京南京上海上海

广州广州

武汉武汉

西安西安

成都成都

沈阳沈阳USA USA 美国美国

128K128K

2M2M

64K64K ＋＋ 512K512K


2M X 72M X 7

256K256K

2M2M ＋＋ 2M2M

Hong Kong Hong Kong 香港香港

UK UK 英国英国 512K512KGermany Germany 德国德国 64K64K

2X7M2X7M


CERNET Structure (1998) CERNET Structure (1998)

NationalNationalBackboneBackbone



ProvinceProvinceBackboneBackbone

ProvinceProvinceBackboneBackbone

CampusCampus

CampusCampus CampusCampus

CampusCampus

CampusCampus CampusCampus

…………

...... ......

...... ......


The Possible Scale of CERNETThe Possible Scale of CERNET China has 9.6 million kmChina has 9.6 million km2 2 territory, 1.2 billion territory, 1.2 billion

population, 30+ provinces, 500+ citiespopulation, 30+ provinces, 500+ cities China has 1,020 universities with 100,000 graduate China has 1,020 universities with 100,000 graduate

students and 2+ million undergraduate studentsstudents and 2+ million undergraduate students China has 40,000+ middle schools with 60+ million China has 40,000+ middle schools with 60+ million

studentsstudents China has 160,000 primary schools with 122 million China has 160,000 primary schools with 122 million

pupilspupils The CERNET will be the largest education and The CERNET will be the largest education and

research network in the world.research network in the world.


Major Technology of CERNETMajor Technology of CERNET Backbone of CERNETBackbone of CERNET

– Router + linkRouter + link– IP over DDN, Satellite link, SDH and Fiber IP over DDN, Satellite link, SDH and Fiber

Campus NetworkCampus Network– TCP/IP protocol and Web applicationTCP/IP protocol and Web application– Router + EthernetRouter + Ethernet– Fast Ethernet switch, FDDI switchFast Ethernet switch, FDDI switch– ATMATM– Routing switchRouting switch


Major CERNET ApplicationsMajor CERNET Applications

MIS for Universities MIS for Universities Information Resource ConstructionsInformation Resource Constructions Admit Students and Job OpportunityAdmit Students and Job Opportunity Distance ComputingDistance Computing Distance LearningDistance Learning Digital LibraryDigital Library Virtual Research Laboratory and CenterVirtual Research Laboratory and Center


CERNET: Major Infrastructure CERNET: Major Infrastructure for Distance Learning in Chinafor Distance Learning in China

Very large TV education organizationVery large TV education organization Satellite communication still importance Satellite communication still importance

and useful in China distance learningand useful in China distance learning Internet and Web-based Technology is Internet and Web-based Technology is

the future of distance learning in Chinathe future of distance learning in China Needs of the Learners have ChangedNeeds of the Learners have Changed CERNET will be major infrastructureCERNET will be major infrastructure


Needs of the Learners have ChangedNeeds of the Learners have ChangedTraditionalTraditional

Institutional learningInstitutional learning Time out for trainingTime out for training School & government School & government

dominateddominated Time & place dependentTime & place dependent Concentrated expertiseConcentrated expertise Minimum standardMinimum standard Limited learning choicesLimited learning choices Full term coursesFull term courses

Information AgeInformation Age Global learningGlobal learning Fusion of work & learningFusion of work & learning Individual & employer Individual & employer

drivendriven Time & place independentTime & place independent Dispersed expertiseDispersed expertise Personal bestPersonal best Mass customizationMass customization Bytes of learningBytes of learning


Technology Alters theTechnology Alters theLearning landscapeLearning landscape

Audio ConferencingVideo Conferencing

SatelliteChat Rooms

Web-based TrainingVideo Tape/Audio Tape

CD-ROMInternet/Intranet VOD

Email

Classroom

KioskLearning Center

LibraryLab

DifferentPlace

Same Place

SameTime

DifferentTime


Important IssuesImportant Issues

Government PolicyGovernment Policy Acceptable Use PolicyAcceptable Use Policy Telecommunication PricingTelecommunication Pricing Management and SecurityManagement and Security Chinese CultureChinese Culture The Future of China’s InternetThe Future of China’s Internet


Government PolicyGovernment Policy Safety and Protection Regulations of the Safety and Protection Regulations of the

Computer Information System of the Computer Information System of the

People Republic of China (1993)People Republic of China (1993)

Temporary Rules for the Management of Temporary Rules for the Management of

the International Links of the Computer the International Links of the Computer

Information Network of the People Information Network of the People

Republic of China (1996)Republic of China (1996)


CERNET Acceptable Use PolicyCERNET Acceptable Use Policy

Management Regulations of China Management Regulations of China

Education and Research NetworkEducation and Research Network

China Education and Research Network China Education and Research Network

Safety Management ContractSafety Management Contract

China Education and Research Network China Education and Research Network

Users RegulationsUsers Regulations


Telecommunication PricingTelecommunication Pricing Telecommunication Market still isn’t openTelecommunication Market still isn’t open Very high Telecommunication PriceVery high Telecommunication Price

– International half circuit has 3-5 times than International half circuit has 3-5 times than international market in priceinternational market in price

– Nation-wide transmission line has 10-15 times Nation-wide transmission line has 10-15 times than international market in pricethan international market in price

China Telecom run CHINANET, also run China Telecom run CHINANET, also run international half circuit and nation-wide international half circuit and nation-wide transmission linetransmission line


CERNET Operation ModelCERNET Operation Model Government support construction, but not Government support construction, but not

operationoperation CERNET operate ourselves started in 1997CERNET operate ourselves started in 1997 Nation-wide accessNation-wide access

– For 64K connection, 4800 RMB/per monthFor 64K connection, 4800 RMB/per month– For >64K connection, 9600 RMB/per monthFor >64K connection, 9600 RMB/per month

International inputInternational input– 5 RMB/per MBytes5 RMB/per MBytes


The Future of China’s InternetThe Future of China’s Internet Hope open telecommunication marketHope open telecommunication market Internet impact on China Internet impact on China

communication infrastructurecommunication infrastructure Internet impact on China educationInternet impact on China education Internet impact on the Chinese Internet impact on the Chinese

culture and Chinese society.culture and Chinese society. Make China contribution to the global Make China contribution to the global

Internet community.Internet community.


2001: Users = Human Population ?2001: Users = Human Population ?

5,076,000,000

2,538,000,000

1,510,912,000

755,456,000

507,904,000

151,040,000

302,080,000

75,520,000

37,760,000

18,880,000

9,440,000

4,720,000

2,360,000

1,180,548

590,274

365,345

234,740161,434

92,83463,26743,799

26,141

9,805

5,089

2,8101,961

1,024

562

213

yearmonth

81 90 91 92 200120019998979695949382 83 84 85 86 87 88 896 8 5 8 10 10 11 12 10 7 6 3 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

Source: MIDS, Austin TX, based on historical data

HumanHumanPopulatioPopulationn

Internet Internet UsersUsers

ProjectedProjectedInternet Internet HostsHosts

MeasuredMeasuredInternet Internet HostsHosts

Projected Projected HumanHumanPopulationPopulation

ProjectedProjectedInternet UsersInternet Users

Documents

CANS’‘ 99 Construction, Development and Applications of CERNET: China Education and Research Network Jianping WU Director of CERNET Technical Board Director