Cannabis Overview · 3/4/2019 · Session 21 - Cannabis Onset and Duration of Cannabis’ Effects •Within minutes –User begins to feel and exhibit effects •10-30 minutes –Peak

Session 21 - Cannabis

Different varieties of Cannabis have different concentrations of THC

Cannabis Overview


Marijuana

Forms of Cannabis

Hashish

Hash Oil Marinol


Other Forms of Cannabis


Edibles


Possible Medical Cannabis Applications

• Lowers intraocular pressure

• Suppresses nausea

• Inhibits seizures

• Appetite enhancer

• Muscle relaxant

• Tumor growth retardant


Medical Marijuana Facility Applications Grand Rapids

MMFLA IN GRAND RAPIDS

▪ Our local ordinance allows only for medical supply chain (right now)

▪ All five license types are permitted within the City, in commercial and industrial zones

CORE INDUSTRY LICENSE TYPES SUPPORT INDUSTRY LICENSE TYPES

Growers, Processors, Provisioning Centers Secure Transporters, Safety Compliance Labs

Special Land Use (Planning Commission) Director Review (Staff)

Public hearing required Public hearing not required

Start accepting apps on March 4, 2019 Start accepting apps on January 22, 2019

Must have received State prequalification Must have applied for State prequalification


▪ We have not set a cap on the number of facilities

▪ Rather, the number is limited by ZONING & separation distances

LICENSE TYPE ZONE DISTRICTS

Provisioning Centers Commercial, industrial as accessory use

Grower Industrial only

Processor Commercial or industrial

Secure Transporter Industrial only

Safety Compliance Facility Commercial or industrial

SU

PPO

RT

CO

RE


SEPARATION FROM REQUIRED SEPARATION DISTANCE

Public or private K-12 school

1,000 foot radius

State licensed childcare center (not home)

Publicly owned park or playground*

Religious institution*

Substance use disorder program (rehab)*


▪ Rather, the number is limited by zoning & SEPARATION DISTANCES

*these three separation distances are waivable by the Planning Commission


SEPARATION FROM REQUIRED SEPARATION DISTANCE

Residential zone districts 1,000 foot linear along primary street frontage

Other core facility types except between PC 1,000 foot radius

Provisioning Center to Provisioning Center

• Standalone in commercial zones 2,000 foot radius

• Co-located in industrial zones 1,000 foot radius


▪ Rather, the number is limited by zoning & SEPARATION DISTANCES

FAQ

Common Questions:

Q Is public consumption OK? A The City’s smoking ban applies to cannabis.

Q Can City employees partake? A Not on the job, on City property, or off the job in a manner that

affects performance on the job. Cannot possess on city property.

Q How much is 2.5 ounces? A 80-140 joints worth, depending on the size of the joint

Q Since GR opted into medical, will

we opt in to recreational?

A Not necessarily. Some license types are the same between

medical and recreational. “Retailer” and “microbusiness” are new.

Q Did GR voters support Prop 1? A Yes. Local results were ~70% in favor.

Q If GR opts in to rec, when will we

see those businesses start up?

A Very hard to say. We expect medical will probably appear by

the end of 2019. Rec is unlikely for at least a year after that.

Q If someone calls with questions,

how should I direct them?

A The best response is to direct them to the City’s topic-specific

website.

Regardless of State laws, marijuana is still an illegal Schedule I drug on the federal level


• Smoked

• Orally

• Transdermal Absorption

Ingestion


• Interferes with divided attention

• Short attention span

• Varying speeds

• Failing to maintain a single lane

• Difficulty with depth perception

Possible Effects of Cannabis


• Relaxation

• Euphoria

• Relaxed inhibitions

• Disoriented

• Altered time and distance perception

• Lack of concentration

Effects of Cannabis

• Impaired memory

• Alterations in thought process

• Drowsiness

• Sedation

• Mood changes


Other Characteristic

Indicators

• Odor of Marijuana

• Marijuana debris in mouth

• Red, bloodshot eyes

• Body tremors

• Eyelid tremors

• Possible green coating on tongue


Onset and Duration of Cannabis’ Effects

•Within minutes – User begins to feel and exhibit effects

•10-30 minutes – Peak effects are reached

•2-3 hours – User continues to feel and exhibit effects

•3-5 hours – User feels “normal”

Note: Evidence of Marijuana use may be present in blood/urine tests for extended periods after use.


Cannabis Effects on Executive Function

•Attention

•Concentration

•Decision-making

• Impulsivity

• Inhibition • Reaction Time

• Risk Taking

• Verbal Fluency

• Working Memory


Overdose Signs and Symptoms

• Paranoia

• Possible Psychosis


Evaluation of SubjectsUnder the Influence of Cannabis

Vital Signs:

• Pulse – Up

• Blood pressure – Up

• Body temperature – Normal

Muscle tone – Normal



•Body tremors

•Disoriented

•Debris in mouth (possible)

•Eyelid tremors

•Altered time and distance perception

• Increased appetite

•Red bloodshot eyes

General Indicators



General Indicators

• Odor of marijuana

• Possible paranoia

• Relaxed inhibitions

• Lack of concentration

• Impaired memory

• Alterations in thought formation

• Drowsiness



General Indicators

• Dry mouth and throat

• Mood changes

• Panic reactions

• Paranoia

• Sedation


Violations and Penalties Reference the new Marijuana Law

• Prohibited Possession-cultivation-Delivery (Civil Infraction)• Possession of over 2.5 ounces or 12 Plants

• Prohibited Possession/cultivation/Give/PWID not more than 2x the legal amount. (Civil Infraction)

• 2nd Offense (Civil Infraction)

• 3rd Offense (Misdemeanor)

• Person Less 18 years of age not more than 2.5 ounces or 12 plants• 1st Offense (Civil Infraction)


• Person 18-21 years of age not more than 2.5 ounces or 12 plants• 1st Offense (Civil Infraction)


• Possession/Cultivate/Give more than 2x the legal amount• (misdemeanor)


Violations and Penalties Reference the new Marijuana Law Continued

• OWI – MCL 257.625 Any amount of Marijuana in the System

• MCL 257.914b – Marijuana-infused alcohol is illegal


OWI and the Drug Recognition Expert

• Driving while under the influence of Marijuana is very dangerous and a huge concern for law enforcement.

• Grand Rapids Police have 5 Officers trained as Drug Recognition Experts. (12 in Kent County)

• The evaluation consists of Standard Field Sobriety Test in addition to several specialty tests and physical checks.

• Licensed drivers in the State of Michigan must submit to these test under the implied consent law just like alcohol testing.


Oral Fluid Tester

• 100 DRE Officers in the State of Michigan

• 1 Year Pilot Program

• Officers are required to take two samples,

one to use and one to send to an

independent lab

• Test takes approximately 5 minutes

• Cost of Unit $5,000

• Test for Active THC in the blood

• Blood test at the jail is also required by the

courts during the pilot.

• Unit will indicate the presence of other

narcotics also: Cocaine, Opiates,

Methamphetamine, Depressants, and

Amphetamines

Documents

Cannabis Overview · 3/4/2019 · Session 21 - Cannabis Onset and Duration of Cannabis’ Effects •Within minutes –User begins to feel and exhibit effects •10-30 minutes –Peak