CANCER IN JOHN GREEN'S THE FAULT IN OUR STARS NOVEL (2012): A

SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH

RESEARCH PAPER

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For Getting Bachelor Degree of Education

In English Department

by:

DEWI SETYOWATI

A 320120233

SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

2016

ii

APPROVAL

CANCER IN JOHN GREEN’S THE FAULT IN OUR STARS NOVEL (2012): A

SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH

RESEARCH PAPER

By:

DEWI SETYOWATI

A 320120233

Approved to be Examined by the Consultant Team:

First Consultant Second Consultant

(Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum. M. Ed) (Titis Setyabudi, S.S. M. Hum)

NIK.772 NIK. 948

iii

ACCEPTANCE

CANCER IN JOHN GREEN’S THE FAULT IN OUR STARS NOVEL (2012): A

SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH

by

DEWI SETYOWATI

A 320120233

Accepted by the Board of Examiner

School of Teacher Training and Education

Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta

Team of Examiner:

1. Dr. Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M.Ed ( )

(First Examiner)

2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S., M. Hum. ( )

(Second Examiner)

3. ( )

(Third Examiner)

Surakarta, April 26, 2016

Muhammadiyah University

School of Teacher Training and Education

Dean,

Prof. Dr. Harun DJoko Prayitno, M. Hum.

NIP. 1965042813199303 1001

iv

TESTIMONY

I am as the researcher, signed on the statement below:

Name : DEWI SETYOWATI

NIM : A320120233

Study Program : Department of English Education

Title : Cancer in John Green’s The Fault in Our Stars novel (2012): A

Sociological Approach

Herewith, I testify that in this research paper there is no plagiarism of the

previous literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degrees of

university. Nor there are options or masterpiece which have been written or

published by others, except those in which the writing are referred manuscript, and

mentioned in the literary review and bibliography.

Hence, later, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in this

testimony, I will hold fully responsible.

Surakarta, April 26, 2016

The researcher,

Dewi Setyowati

A320120233

Materai Rp.

6.000,-

v

MOTTO

Sesungguhnya sesudah kesulitan itu ada kemudahan

(Qs. Al Insyirah: 6)

They plan, and Allah plans, Surely, Allah is the best of planners

(Qs. 08: 30)

The most powerful people are the people who trust and rely on God herself

(Anonymous)

Do not mind those who are trying to bring you down. They do it because they have to

be below you.

(Anonymous)

You must pass the bad days first to get the best days in the future.

(Anonymous)

vi

DEDICATION

Proudly and wholeheartedly, the researcher would like to dedicate this research

paper to:

Allah SWT for the great blessing and the great prophet Muhammad SAW

My beloved parents (Jumadi and Pudji Sayekti) who always support and

love me so much

My beloved Grandfather and Grandmother (Soepardi and Maryati) who

always support and love me so much

My dearest sister (Millania Titah Alam Kinasih)

My soulmate, Feri Dwi Asmoro who always supports and loves me so much

All my lecturers and teachers

My beloved friends (Rissa Nur Pratamy, Nurul Hikmah, Pujiana Masitha,

Suri Margi Rahayu and Khusnul Khotimah)

All of my friends in Eglish Department 2012

All of my friends everywhere, thank you for your helped, friendship and

everything

vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Assalamu’allaikumWr. Wb

Alkhamdulillahirabbil’alamin. All praises belong to Allah SWT to his

blessing and mercies given to the researcher, she can complete her researcher paper

entitled CANCER IN JOHN GREEN’S THE FAULT IN OUR STARS NOVEL

(2012): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH. In conducting this research, the

researcher got some helps from many people. On this best occasion, the researcher

would like to express her deepest gratitude and appreciation to the following people:

1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum., Dean of School of Teacher Training

and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,

2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D, Head of English Department on Muhammadiyah

University of Surakarta,

3. Dr. Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M. Ed., the first consultant who has patiently

guided the researcher in arranging this work, provided time for consultant, and

give the researcher nice suggestion,

4. Titis Setyabudi, S.S., M. Hum., the second consultant who has been willing to

guide, correct, and encourage her from the beginning of writing until the end of

it,

5. Siti Fatimah, S. Pd., M. Hum., as the academic consultant who has given the

researcher guidance as long as she studied in Muhammadiyah University,

6. All lecturers of English Department, for being good educators, guide, and

mentor,

7. Her best gratitude for her beloved parents (Jumadi and Pudji Sayekti), their spirit

and their reason to be best in everything, thanks for ever over love, prayer,

support (moral and material), motivation, and everything during their life, she

will always pray that in the nest world the best heaven will belong to them,

8. Her beloved grandfather and grandmother, with love feeling, this research paper

is gift to both of you. She thanks you for giving her spirit in life. Thank you so

much for the advice,

viii

9. Her dear, Feri Dwi Asmoro, who has given love, care, prayers and support.

Thanks for everything. Thanks for every laughs, smiles, fights, and happiness,

10. Her big family, who have given care, prayers, and support thank you so much,

11. Her beloved friends, Rissa Nur Pratamy, Nurul Hikmah, Pujiana Masitha, Suri

Margi Rahayu and Khusnul Khotimah, we used to be together and the memory

will always be in our hearts. Thanks for the time that we ever shared together.

Keep in touch guys! Love all of you a lot!,

12. Those who cannot be mentioned one by one toward their support to the

researcher completing this research.

The researcher considers that this research paper is far from being perfect.

Therefore, suggestion and criticism are welcome and acceptance, she hopes that this

research paper would be valuable for readers.

Wassalamu’alaikumWr. Wb.

Surakarta, April 26, 2016

The researcher,

Dewi Setyowati

A 320120233

ix

SUMMARY

DEWI SETYOWATI. A320120233. CANCER IN JOHN GREEN’S THE FAULT

IN OUR STARS NOVEL (2012): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH. Research

Paper. School of Teacher Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of

Surakarta, April 26, 2016.

The major problem of this study is cancer. Someone who suddenly gets a

cancer, they have to experience a big change in their life. The objective of this study

is to analyze this novel based on the Sociological Approach. The Writer employs

qualitative method. The writer uses two data sources: primary and secondary. The

primary data source of the study is The Fault in Our Stars novel by John Green. The

secondary data of the study are taken from any information related to the novel. The

method of data collection is the descriptive qualitative research. Based on the

analysis, the researcher gets some conclusions. The study shows that the problem

faced by the major and minor characters about cancer. It is proven by their life that

they have been dealing with cancer. But, cancer doesn’t block them to reach their

dream. They want to meet Peter Van Houten in Amsterdam, the author of An

Imperial Affliction. The Hazel and Augustus’s favourite novel.

Keywords: The Fault in Our Stars, cancer, An Imperial Affliction, sociological

approach.

x

RINGKASAN

DEWI SETYOWATI, A. 320 120 233. KANKER DALAM NOVELTHE FAULT

IN OUR STARS KARYA JOHN GREEN (2012): PENDEKATAN

SOSIOLOGIS. SKRIPSI. FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN.

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA, 26 April, 2016.

Masalah utama dari penelitian ini adalah kanker. Seseorang yang secara

tiba-tiba terkena sebuah kanker, mereka harus mengalami sebuah perubahan besar

dalam hidup mereka. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis novel ini

berdasarkan pendekatan sosiologis. Penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif. Penulis

menggunakan dua sumber data: primer dan sekunder. Sumber data primer dari

penelitian ini adalah novel The Fault in Our Stars karya John Green. Data sekunder

dari penelitian ini diperoleh dari beberapa informasi yang berhubungan dengan

novel tersebut. Metode pengumpulan data adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan

pada analisis, peneliti mendapatkan beberapa kesimpulan. Penelitian ini

memunculkan masalah terhadap tokoh utama dan tokoh tambahan tentang kanker.

Ini dibuktikan oleh kehidupan mereka bahwa mereka telah sedang menghadapi

kanker. Tetapi, kanker tidak menghalangi mereka untuk meraih mimpi. Mereka ingin

bertemu Peter Van Houten di Amsterdam, penulis “An Imperial Affliction”. Novel

favorit Hazel dan Augustus.

Kata kunci: The Fault in Our Stars, Kanker, Kemalangan Luar Biasa, Pendekatan

sosiologis.

xi

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE .................................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL .......................................................................................................... ii

ACCEPTANCE ................................................................................................... iii

TESTIMONY ........................................................................................................ iv

MOTTO ............................................................................................................... v

DEDICATION ..................................................................................................... vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................... vii

SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... ix

RINGKASAN ...................................................................................................... x

TABLE OF CONTENT ....................................................................................... xi

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 1

A. Background of the Study ......................................................... 1

B. Previous Studies ....................................................................... 4

C. Problem Statement .................................................................. 5

D. Limitation of the Study ........................................................... 6

E. Objectives of the Study ............................................................ 6

F. Benefits of the Study ................................................................ 6

G. Research Method ...................................................................... 6

H. Research Organization ............................................................. 7

CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY .......................................................... 9

A.Sociology of Literature.............................................................. 9

B. Major Principles of Sociology of Literature ............................. 10

C. Notion of Cancer ...................................................................... 12

D. Structural Elements of Novel ................................................... 15

E. Theoretical Application ........................................................... 21

CHAPTER III: HISTORICAL BACKROUND ................................................... 22

A. Social Aspect ............................................................................ 22

B. Economic Aspect ...................................................................... 23

C. Political Aspect ......................................................................... 25

xii

D. Scientific and Technological Aspect ........................................ 26

E. Cultural Aspect ......................................................................... 26

F. Religious Aspect ....................................................................... 27

G. The Life of The Author ....................................................... ..... 28

CHAPTER IV: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ..................................................... 31

A. Structural Elements of Fiction.................................................. 31

1. Characters and Characterizations ........................................ 31

2. Setting .................................................................................. 42

a. Setting of place ................................................................ 42

b. Setting of time ................................................................. 48

3. Plot ....................................................................................... 49

a. Exposition ........................................................................ 50

b. Conflict............................................................................. 50

c. Climax ............................................................................. 51

d. Resolution ....................................................................... 51

e. Causality .......................................................................... 52

f. Plausibility ....................................................................... 53

4. Point of View ....................................................................... 53

5. Style ...................................................................................... 54

a. Diction .............................................................................. 54

b. Grammatical Structure ..................................................... 55

c. Rhetorical .......................................................................... 56

a) Figurative Language .................................................... 56

(a) Figures of Thoughts or Tropes ............................... 56

(b) Figures of Speech or Rhetorical Figures .................58

6. Theme .................................................................................. . 59

B. Discussion ............................................................................... 61

CHAPTER V: A. SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS .............................................. 66

A. Social Aspect ....................................................................... 66

B. Economic Aspect ................................................................. 70

C. Political Aspect .................................................................... 72

xiii

D. Scientific and Technological Aspect ................................... 73

E. Cultural Aspect ..................................................................... 76

F. Religious Aspect ................................................................... 79

B. CANCER ANALYSIS ............................................................. 80

1) Thyroid Cancer ..................................................................... 80

2)Osteosarcoma (Bone Cancer) ................................................ 83

C Discussion .................................................................................. 84

CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL AND SUGGESTION ........ 90

A. Conclusion ............................................................................... 90

B. Pedagogical Implication .......................................................... 91

C. Suggestion ............................................................................... 91

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX