CANCER CELLS GONE WILD! Adapted from PPt by Karobi Moitra
(Ph.D) NCI Frederick, NIH Cancer Inflammation Program Human
Genetics Section Frederick MD. The summary color on the following
slides is red; vocabulary words are underlined!
Slide 2
Iscancer a single disease or a group ofdiseases ?
Slide 3
Cancer is a group of related diseases which are characterized
by uncontrolled cellular growth and division. Fourth or later
mutation Third mutation Second mutation First mutation Cell Suicide
or Apoptosis Cell damage no repair
Slide 4
Earliest Mention of Cancer 3000 BC The earliest written
description of cancer known to exist is the Edwin Smith Papyrus. It
describes eight cases of breast tumors or ulcers. Image
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a
/a1/AncientEgyptianMummy-Antjau-CloseUp- ROM.png
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a
/a1/AncientEgyptianMummy-Antjau-CloseUp- ROM.png
Slide 5
Origin of The Word Cancer The origin of the word cancer is
credited to the Greek physician Hippocrates (460370 B.C.),
considered the "Father of Medicine." Hippocrates used the terms
carcinos and carcinoma to describe non-ulcer forming and
ulcer-forming tumors. In Greek, these words refer to a crab, most
likely applied to the disease because the finger-like spreading
projections from a cancer called to mind the shape of a crab. The
Roman physician, Celsus (28-50 B.C.), later translated the Greek
term into cancer, the Latin word for crab. Galen (130-200 A.D.),
another Roman physician, used the word oncos (Greek for swelling)
to describe tumors. Galen's term is now used as a part of the name
for cancer specialists -- oncologists.
Slide 6
Cancer is uncontrolled cell division; it may be caused by
environmental factors and/or changes in enzyme production.
Cancerous cells divide when they should not divide and they lack
the normal control systems to shut off unwanted cell division.
Slide 7
R Cell death = Cell growth Cell death < Cell growth
Slide 8
R In most cases, cancer forms a cell mass called a tumor.
Breast Mammogram Image http://cdn.sheknows.com/
filter/l/gallery/mammogra m_breast_cancer_tumor.j pg
http://cdn.sheknows.com/ filter/l/gallery/mammogra
m_breast_cancer_tumor.j pg Lung Carcinoma Image
http://en.wikipedia.org/wi ki/File:Lung_cancer.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wi ki/File:Lung_cancer.jpg
Slide 9
R Benign tumor has restricted growth and tends to remain in one
area. EX: wart. Malignant tumor - does not remain localized but
invades other tissue and gives rise to secondary tumors in other
parts of the body (metastasis).
Slide 10
R Diagram of Metastasis
Slide 11
R
http://www.nature.com/nrc/journal/v4/n9/images/nrc1430-f3.jpg
Slide 12
R Carcinogen - substances and exposures that can lead to cancer
Radiation including the sun Alcohol Engine exhaust Tobacco Smoke
Certain chemicals Cancer can also be caused by random mutation and
exposure to certain viruses. Causes of Cancer