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COM DEV INTERNATIONAL
Canadian Wildland Fire Monitoring System (CWFMS)
Jeffrey Cain, Ph.D., P.Eng. COM DEV International
Feb 2nd, 2016
1st Canadian SmallSat Symposium Toronto, Canada
COM DEV INTERNATIONAL
Acknowledgements • Thepresenterwouldliketoacknowledgethecontributionsof
theentireCWFMSmicrosatelliteteamwhichincludesrepresentativesfromallofthefollowingorganizations
• TheCWFMSmissionstudyisfundedbytheCanadianSpaceAgencywithNGCAerospaceastheprimecontractor
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Canadian Wildlands • Canadacontains28%oftheworld’sborealzoneandapproximately410
millionhectaresofforestsandwoodlands• Onaverage,therehasbeenanincreaseinthefrequencyandintensityof
forestfiresoverthepast30years• Continuedglobalwarmingoftheborealregionwillmakethistrendworse• Inaddition,therearenewtypesoffuelbeingcreatedinCanadadueto
issueslike– Treemortalityfromtheexpansionofinsects
– Thawingpeatlands
Forest composition across Canada. 2014. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa
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Canadian Wildland Fires • Canadianforests’intense,fast-spreadingwildfireshavealargeimpacton
theCanadianeconomyandthewell-beingofCanadians:– Significanthealthandsafetyhazards:
• thedestructionofcommunitiesandindustrialactivities;• smokecantravelgreatdistancesandseverelydegradeairquality
– Approximately$1billionyearlytomanage;• Includingdetection,suppressionandevacuationofcommunities
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A snapshot from last year • Duringthepeakburningmonths(May–Sept)weeklysituationreportsare
filed.• ThereportfromSept2ndstatesthattherewere
– 77newfires• Oftheexisting,activefires
– 20uncontrolled– 131controlled– 261modifiedresponse
• Therehadbeen6,669firestodate
– 10yearaverageis5,301• 3,953,043hahadbeenburned
(9.8millionacres)
Week of Sept 2nd
5 CSRS, 10 June 2015 CWFMS
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Fire management and data collection • InCanada,
– Firemanagementisprimarilyconductedbyprovincialandterritorialgovernmentagencies
– FireresearchisperformedbyCanadianForestryServices(underNRCan)firespecialists
• Informationisgatheredfromground,airborneandspaceresourcesbutnoneprovidethequalityand/ortimelinessofthedatathatisrequired– Existingsystemstendtocoveronlylocalizedareaswithafocuson
areasthathavethegreatestimpacttotheCanadianpopulation– Thereareanumberofexistingandplannedspaceassets,butthey
tendto• Haveinsufficientspatialresolutionanddynamicrange,• Haveinsufficientdatalatency,or• ProvideinsufficientcoverageoftheCanadianforests
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Available Remote-Sensing Data
7 CSRS, 10 June 2015 CWFMS
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National Burn Area Composite (NBAC)
SPOT VGT (coarse res.)
Agencies (LFDB)
Landsat (fine res.)
SPOT VGT
Landsat
Agencies
MODIS
Rules
Desire–ToensurethebestavailableburnareaproductsacrossCanadaatanytimeActual–Accesstoburnareaproductsavailablefrommulti-sources,BUTatdifferenttimes…
…
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Objectives of the CWFMS mission • CWFMSusesasinglespaceplatformtomeetthemandatesofseveral
CanadianGovernmentDepartmentswithinareasonablecostenvelope– Additionalassetscanimprovedatalatencyandtemporalcoverage
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Objectives of the CWFMS mission • TheobjectiveistodevelopaCanadianwildlandfiremonitoringand
trackingsystemwhichprovides– Nearreal-timeinformationinsupportofwildlandfiremanagement– Emissionmeasurementsinsupportofinternationalrequirementsfor
carbonreportingandforairqualityforecasting
http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/climate-change/forest-carbon/13103
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Objectives of the CWFMS mission • Thespaceplatformreducesongoingoperationalcostsbyproviding
– ContinuousmonitoringofthewholeofCanada– Shortdelaybetweenthefirestarttimeanditsdetection– Accuratedataonfireintensity,growth,location,fueltypeandair
quality
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Mission priorities • Themissionprioritiesareto
– Providereliablefireradiativepowerdatawiththegoalofenablingthecalculationofthefireradiativeenergy
• RequireshigherfrequencyFRPmeasurements(e.g.6hours)– Providedataonhotspotsinordertodetermineandcorrelateactive
fireperimetermaps– Makerateofspreadmeasurementsbasedonthechangesinhotspot
dataovertime– Performburnedareamapping
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Coverage and imaging requirements • Thesatelliteisrequiredto
– ProvidethecapabilitytoobserveanypointwithintheAoIatleastonceevery24hours
– ObserveatleastonepointwithintheAoIduringthepeakburningperiod(15:00and19:00localtime)
– Lowdatalatency(<30minutesforprioritydata)– Highaccuracygeo-referencing– Improvedspatialresolutionoverexistingsystems(<500m)
13 CSRS, 10 June 2015 CWFMS
“IntensiveProtectionZone”:• Operationswillneedtobeset
inmotionwhenawildfireisdetected
• Highrevisitneeded“ModifiedResponseZone”:• nooperationswillneedtobe
setinmotion• Lowerrevisitneeded
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Observation bands • SpectralbandscanbeaddedtoMWIRandLWIRcamerasfornewapplications
– MWIR–UsedforhightemperatureeventsandFRPmeasurements– LWIR–Usedforfalsedetection(sunglint)andsubpixelfire
characterization– NIR–Cloudmappingandmappingofgrasscuring(fuelmeasurement)– VIS-Red–Cloudmappingandburnedareamapping
Camera Spectral band (um) GSD (m) Detector Solution
Vis-NIR
B1: 0.5-0.6 (green) 250
High density CCD
B2: 0.6-0.7 (red)
B3: 0.8-0.9 (NIR)
SWIR B4: 1.55-1.75 250 Staggered arrays of 1024x1 InGaAs photodiodes
MWIR B5: 3.5-4.2 500
Staggered arrays of 512x3 VOx microbolometers LWIR B6: 10.4-11.3
B7: 11.4-12.3
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Mission implementation CWFMS MISSION
CWFMSSatellite
Satellite Control Centre (SCC) Data Processing
Centre (DPC)
PayloadTasking
Payload Telemetry (health/housekeeping)
Spacecraft Position/Pointing
Prince AlbertS-band TT&C and payload data
Gatineau
InuvikOptional Payload
data downlink
Payload Data (Level 0)
Level 1b Radiance Data
Level 1b Priority Radiance Data
Daily Processing Cycle
30 min Processing Cycle
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Microsatellite design example
16 CSRS, 10 June 2015 CWFMS
MissionParameters:OrbitType Sun-Synchronous,dawn-dusk(6am/6pmLTAN)
Altitude 585km
SwathWidth 1200km
SatelliteWeight 140kg
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Average daily coverage – single satellite
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Using a bent pipe architecture gives …
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Mission products
• Firemaps–location,extent,timing
• Firecharacteristics–firelineintensity,rateofspread,fuelconsumption
• Plumedynamics–smoketransportmaps,plumeheights
• Emissions–massofcarbonreleasedintoatmosphere
• Watersurfacetemperatures(secondaryproduct)
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Applications and services
• AssistProvinces,TerritoriesandParksCanadawithfiremanagementby– offeringmonitoringcoasttocoast– activefiredetectionandmonitoringtoolforremoteregions– supplyingdataforhotspotsandburnedareafortheNationalBurned
AreaComposite(NBAC)• AssistsEnvironmentCanadaby
– measuringFRPtoestimatetracegasandparticulateemissions– providingmodelinputsforimprovedairqualityandsmoketransport
models
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National Burn Area Composite (NBAC)
Accesstoburnareaproductsavailablefromonesourceatthesametime
Ensurethebestavailableburnareaproductsacross-Canadaatanytime
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Thank you.