CANADA’S GLOBAL CONNECTIONS

Unit 4

Play the Canadian or American Inventions game.

Famously and Firstly Canadian

Canadian John McIntosh discovered McIntosh apples in 1811 growing along the St. Lawrence River Valley

The first recorded baseball game was played in Beachville, Ontario in 1838

Montreal Professor Thomas Sterry Hunt developed special green ink to produce American bills ‘greenbacks’ that couldn’t be forged in 1862

The world’s second most popular sport ‘basketball’ was the idea of Canadian James Naismith in 1892

Famously and Firstly Canadian

Tom Ryan became the father of five-pin bowling, by developing the game in Toronto in 1909

Torontonian William Knapp developed the yucky-tasting Buckley’s Mixture in 1919

In 1948 Harry Galley received his patented for his stainless steel kitchen sink

Montreal Canadian goalie Jacques Plante became the first goalie to start wearing a mask

Instant mashed potatoes were patented by Edward Asselbergs in 1961

Famously and Firstly Canadian

Muskol the world’s most effective bug repellent is the creation of Charlie Coll (1970)

Leslie McFarlane penned the famous Hardy Boys series as Franklin W. Dixon

Torontonian Alex Tilley created the nearly indestructible ‘Tilley Hat’ in 1980

Winnipeg was the first city in the world to develop the emergency ‘911’ system

Canadian Deanna Brasseaur & Jane Foster became the world’s first female jet fighter pilots in 1989

Famously and Firstly Canadian

Tim Collins of B.C. developed the Viewer Chip for parents to block offensive television programs

In 1998, the ‘Sam Bat’ a maple baseball bat made by Ottawa carpenter Sam Holman was approved for use in professional baseball leagues

In 1999 Ontario became the first place in the world to protect the skyscape from light pollution by designating a dark-sky park south of Lake Muskoka

Canadians have developed – Trivial Pursuit, Balderdash, Mind Trap, Pictionary and A Question of Scruples

Famously and Firstly Canadian

Canada is home to the world’s… Oldest chain store business is Canada’s Hudson

Bay Company founded in 1670 Longest highway, the Trans Canada highway -

7,821 km Longest street, Yonge Street - 1,900 km Longest bridge – Confederation Bridge linking

P.E.I. to N.B. – 12.9 km Longest skating rink – 7.8 km Rideau Canal in

Ottawa Longest recreational trail – Trans Canada Trail

will be over 16,000 km long

Greatest Canadian Invention

Of all these great Canadian ideas, which ones are the “greatest”?

CBC asked Canadians to vote for the Greatest Canadian Invention and showed us the results in early 2007.

www.cbc.ca/inventions

Rank these from 1 -10 of Greatest Invention

5 pin bowlingPoutineZipper Insulin

TelephoneElectric Wheelchair

PacemakerWonder BraBlackberry

Robertson Screw Light bulb

Greatest Canadian Invention

Poutine

#10

Greatest Canadian Invention

Electric Wheelchair

#9

Greatest Canadian Invention

Zipper

#8

Greatest Canadian Invention

Robertson Screw

#7

Greatest Canadian Invention

Pacemaker

#6

Greatest Canadian Invention

Wonderbra

#5

Greatest Canadian Invention

Five Pin Bowling

#4

Greatest Canadian Invention

Light bulb

#3

Greatest Canadian Invention

Telephone

#2

Greatest Canadian Invention

Insulin

#1

CHAPTER 30

The World community

What Do You Know of the World?

WHERE WE CAME FROM. – CHAPTER 15

Population

Who is here?

Immigrate610 people COME to

Canada on a daily basis.

Emigrate135 people LEAVE

Canada on a daily basis.

Changing Populations

Demography is the study of population. About 1070 babies are born every day. These births are not as important, because

they may not correlate with the population of the country.

We must take into account 2 factors: Birth Rate: The amount of people born Death Rate: The amount of people who die

The Rate of Natural Increase (r)• Birth rate (b) − death rate (d) = rate of natural

increase (r).

Different Ages – Different Roles

At each stage in our lives, we play different roles.

Children (0-15 years old)Working Adults (16 to 64 years old)Older adults (65 years old and over)

In Cornwall, we will have a stronger population of older adults, as the baby boom population gets older.

Population Pyramids

A series of horizontal bar graphs for the male population, places back to back with similar bar graphs for females.

Statistical information can always be found at Statistics Canada.

When in Rome...

You need the following when making a population pyramid:

2 coloursMale and female

labelsA title – Location and

yearAge (increments of 5)

in the middlePopulation (in

millions) on the bottom

Comparisons

When putting two population pyramids side by side, you are able to compare population trends.

Thanks to the war...

Baby BoomThe term "baby boom"

most often refers to the dramatic post-World War II baby boom (1946-1964).

There are an estimated 78.3 million Americans who were born during this demographic boom in births.

These baby boomers are now getting older, which makes healthcare such an important industry.

Echo Effect

Children who were born between 1980 and 1999.

These are the children of the Baby Boomers.

Homework

Create 2 population pyramids. Pyramid 1 – Cornwall Pyramid 2 – Ontario

DUE: Tomorrow

Immigration

CHAPTER 31

Canada’s International Relationship

CHAPTER 32

Canada’s Foreign Trade

Trade Terminology

Trade – the exchange of goods or services between countries.

Imports – goods or services brought into a country from another country.

Exports – goods or services sent out from a country to another country.

Balance of trade – the difference between the value of the goods and services that a country exports and the value of the goods and services that it imports

Trade Terminology

Trade surplus – when a country’s exports exceed its imports.

Trade deficit – when a country’s imports exceed its exports.

Tarriff – tax charged on goods imported to Canada in order to protect Canadian industries.

Canada’s Trading Partners

$208 billion $348 billion

$24

$13

$13

$10

$9

$8

$7

$3

Canada's Import Markets, 2004

 Country % Share of Total Imports  

 United States 56  

 China 7  

 Mexico 4  

 Japan 4  

 United Kingdom 3  

 Total of Top 5 74  

Canada's Export Markets, 2004

 Country % Share of Total Exports  

 United States 81  

 Japan 2  

 United Kingdom 2  

 China 2  

 Mexico 1  

 Total of Top 5 88 

Sweat Shops

What are they? A working environment with unhealthy conditions that

are considered by many people of industrialized nations to be difficult or dangerous, usually where the workers have few opportunities to address their situation. This can include exposure to harmful materials, hazardous situations, extreme temperatures, or abuse from employers.

Sweatshop workers often work long hours for little pay, regardless of any laws mandating overtime pay or a minimum wage. Child labour laws may also be violated.

Blood, Sweat and T-Shirts

This BBC Three series from May 2008 saw six young fashion addicts swap shopping on the high street with working in India‘s cotton fields and clothes factories. Find out whether they could handle a sewing machine and meet the target of two garments a minute. And whether their experience changed their throwaway attitude to clothes shopping.

100 rupees = $2.25 Canadian

http://www.bbc.co.uk/thread/blood-sweat-tshirts/

Sweat Shops

Top 10 Worst Sweatshop Abusing Companies:

1) Primark – Cheap clothes from cheap labour…

2) Topshop – They’ve done it before they’ll do it again…

3) Asda/Walmart - Slave drivers of China & Bangladesh…

4) Tesco – Every little help, except in sweatshops…

5) Nike – Nasty old Nike, always exploiting their workers…

6) Adidas – Sweatshop made, Olympics specials…

7) Disney – Magic for some, sadness for others…

8) Burberry – Off to China for cheap workforce & fat profits…

9) Starbucks – Crap coffee, crap employers…

10) Planet Earth Inc – Sweatshop labour across the globe…

Other companies who use sweat shops: Abercrombie and Fitch, Gymboree, Hanes, Ikea, Kohl’s, LL Bean, Pier 1 Imports, American Eagle, Dickies, Guess, Speedo, Tommy Hilfiger, Toys “R” Us.

International Trade Organizations

Organization Description

World Trade Organization Established in 1995Multilateral institution through which global trade rules are negotiated and enforced

North American Free Trade Agreement

Established 1994, joining Canada, the United States and Mexico forming the world's largest free trade area. NAFTA applies to the procurement of goods valued at more than $38,000 (Canada/U.S.) and $89,000 (Canada/Mexico)

Free Trade Agreement of the Americas

Established in 2005, the FTAA is a collaboration among 34 democratic governments in the Americas, to ensure prosperity, democracy and free markets for goods and services in the hemisphere

Fair Trade

Coffee from Kenya, textiles from India, tea from Sri Lanka, nuts from El Salvador, ceramics from Mexico, and chocolate from Ghana…

Many of the things we buy are grown or made in developing countries.

But do the people who produce these goods get a fair price for them, and what are their working conditions like?

Fair Trade

For most workers, wages are low, there is no job security, and working conditions are often unhealthy and unsafe.

Fair trade is an international system of doing business based on dialogue, transparency, and respect.

Fair Trade

What is your role? Churches, communities, school, unions, businesses

and consumer groups are pushing to move Fair Trade products into mainstream grocery stores

The demand must increase, so more workers will benefit

Demand products will superior quality Become a player in the solution to global trade

inequalities

Child Labour

What is Child Labour? Children under the age of 12 that are working

Worst forms of child labour enslaved, forcibly recruited, prostituted, trafficked,

forced into illegal activities and exposed to hazardous work.

Can children work? Yes, as long as it does not negatively affect their

health and development or interfere with education

Convention on the Rights of Child

Most universal international agreementEnsures children's rightsHas been ratified by 190 countriesOnly two countries have not ratified: the

United States & Somalia, however they have signaled their intention to ratify by signing the convention.

http://www.unicef.org/photoessays/30048.html

Convention on the Rights of Child

The Convention on the Rights of the Child…. Reinforces fundamental human dignity. Highlights and defends the family's role in children's

lives Seeks respect for children – but not at the expense of

the human rights or responsibilities of others. Endorses the principle of non-discrimination Establishes clear obligations

The Rights of A Child

Principle 1The child shall enjoy all the rights set forth in this Declaration. Every child, without any exception whatsoever, shall be entitled to these rights, without distinction or discrimination on account of race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status, whether of himself or of his family.

Principle 2The child shall enjoy special protection, and shall be given opportunities and facilities, by law and by other means, to enable him to develop physically, mentally, morally, spiritually and socially in a healthy and normal manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity. In the enactment of laws for this purpose, the best interests of the child shall be the paramount consideration.

Principle 3The child shall be entitled from his birth to a name and a nationality.

Principle 4The child shall enjoy the benefits of social security. He shall be entitled to grow and develop in health; to this end, special care and protection shall be provided both to him and to his mother, including adequate pre-natal and post-natal care. The child shall have the right to adequate nutrition, housing, recreation and medical services.

Principle 5The child who is physically, mentally or socially handicapped shall be given the special treatment, education and care required by his particular condition.

The Rights of a Child

Principle 6The child, for the full and harmonious development of his personality, needs love and understanding. He shall, wherever possible, grow up in the care and under the responsibility of his parents, and, in any case, in an atmosphere of affection and of moral and material security; a child of tender years shall not, save in exceptional circumstances, be separated from his mother. Society and the public authorities shall have the duty to extend particular care to children without a family and to those without adequate means of support. Payment of State and other assistance towards the maintenance of children of large families is desirable.

Principle 7The child is entitled to receive education, which shall be free and compulsory, at least in the elementary stages. He shall be given an education which will promote his general culture and enable him, on a basis of equal opportunity, to develop his abilities, his individual judgement, and his sense of moral and social responsibility, and to become a useful member of society. The best interests of the child shall be the guiding principle of those responsible for his education and guidance; that responsibility lies in the first place with his parents. The child shall have full opportunity for play and recreation, which should be directed to the same purposes as education; society and the public authorities shall endeavour to promote the enjoyment of this right.

Principle 8The child shall in all circumstances be among the first to receive protection and relief.

Principle 9The child shall be protected against all forms of neglect, cruelty and exploitation. He shall not be the subject of traffic, in any form. The child shall not be admitted to employment before an appropriate minimum age; he shall in no case be caused or permitted to engage in any occupation or employment which would prejudice his health or education, or interfere with his physical, mental or moral development.

Principle 10The child shall be protected from practices which may foster racial, religious and any other form of discrimination. He shall be brought up in a spirit of understanding, tolerance, friendship among peoples, peace and universal brotherhood, and in full consciousness that his energy and talents should be devoted to the service of his fellow men.

Homework

Making Nike SweatBehind the LabelChild Labour

WHAT YOU LEAVE BEHIND

Ecological Footprints

Ecological Footprint

Ecological Footprints are a measure of human impact on the Earth. The footprint equals the Earth’s cost to sustain one person. It’s measured in hectares and represents the land area needed to provide resources and absorb waste and greenhouse gases produced by an individual.

Ecological Footprint

World Average – 2.2 hectares

Biggest Footprint – United States – 9.6 hectares

Smallest Footprint – Bangladesh – 0.5 hectares

Average Canadian Footprint – 8.6 hectares Canada has the 3rd highest footprint in the world! Why is Canada’s average footprint so big?

Ecological Footprint

We require …..• 0.2 hectares of land for water (to drink & provide

seafood) 0.4 hectares of land for home and roads and factories that make the

material things we grave• 1.6 hectares of land for farmland to grow the food we

eat• 0.3 hectares of land for grazing land for meat and dairy • 1.4 hectares of land for timber wood and paper

products• 4.7 hectares of land and needed to absorb the

greenhouse gases produced by driving around town, through the running of air conditioners and the import of exotic goods and foods

= 8.6 hectares

Ecological Impact of Nations

The map on the following slide shows various countries and regions of the world proportionate to their production and consumption of commercially traded fuels.

All figures are in million metric tons of oil equivalent.

Ecological Impact of Nations

SUSTAINABILITY

The Environment

Defining Environment & Sustainability

Sustainability refers to the ability to develop in order to meet the needs of the present without negatively affecting the ability of future generations to meet their needs

Defining Environment & Sustainability

If we are not all following our role as stewards in the global village, then we will not have a sustainable environment for our future children.

“We do not inherit the earth from our grandparents, we borrow it from our children.”

We must all do our part to keep our consumption of resources to a minimum, and to keep the environment around us clean.

Are you doing your part?

How a Greenhouse Works

The sun’s rays are strong enough to

pierce through the glass of the

greenhouse.

The rays become weaker once they bounce off

something, so they are not all able to pierce

back through the glass… the temperature inside

rises.

The Greenhouse Effect - Then

Sun’s rays

Some rays are strong enough to

escape back into space

Some rays are held in

by the atmosphere

Atmosphere

The Greenhouse Effect - Now

Sun’s rays

More rays are held in,

warming up the Earth

A thickened atmosphere, caused by pollution

Climate Change is a major shift in the overall temperature levels of the Earth (up or down).

Global Warming is the rising of the average temperature of Earth.

The Greenhouse Effect is the trapping of heat by the Earth’s thickened atmosphere. This is caused by pollution.

Defining Environment & Sustainability

WHAT ARE CURRENT WORLD PROBLEMS THAT YOU ARE AWARE OF?

Solving World Problems

What does this quote mean to you?

“Our world is smaller and more crowded than ever before. While sovereign states remain the fundamental building blocks of international society, they now share the landscape with a host of other actors. Globalization has connected people and places in ways that were around national economies. In the process it has generated unprecedented levels of wealth. Yet many have been left behind and unexpected threats have emerged. Canadians now understand that seemingly remote events can have direct, and sometimes dire, domestic consequences.”

It has been said, that within the borders of Canada a mini world exists. With our increasing cultural diversity we become more aware of the ‘Global Village’ and the opportunities it holds. Canadians are traveling to foreign lands and experiencing unique cultures, negotiating trade agreements with emerging global economies, addressing concerns of global security and environmental issues. No man or country is an island and Canada’s international relationships are based on equality and democracy.

How is Canada Connected to the World?

Since January 2004, Canada has:• Launched the Canada Corps to work in Ukraine• Led the International Mission for Iraqi Elections• Commanded the International Security Assistance Force inAfghanistan and the multinational force in Haiti• Negotiated a new Security and Prosperity Partnership with our Counterparts in North America• Pursued trade, science & technology agreements with India, Japan & Korea• Shown leadership in combating HIV/AIDS in the developing world• Encouraged debt relief for the poorest countries

International Organisations

Short forms & Symbols

Organization

Description Snapshot

NATO North Atlantic Treaty

Organization

An alliance of 26 countries from North America and Europe committed to fulfilling the goals of the Atlantic Treaty, concerning issues of security, safeguarding the freedom of its member countries by political and military means. Is playing an increasingly important role in crisis management and peacekeeping.

G8 Group of 8 An informal group of eight countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States of America, who meet annually. Focus on broad economic development and foreign policies including Africa’s development and global climate change.

WTO World Trade Organizatio

n

An international body that promotes free trade, develops international trade rules, negotiates and monitors trade agreements. Co-operates with other organizations to provide technical assistance and training for developed.

International Organisations

Short forms & Symbols Organization Description Snapshot

The Commonwealth

Promotes good governance and fundamental political values, confronting challenges to peace and security, conflict identification, preventive measures, and successful peaceful conflict resolution. Efforts have dismantled apartheid and strengthen international relationships, assist small states and developing countries in democratic development, defence of human rights, women’s equality and sustainable

International Organisations

Short forms & Symbols Organization Description Snapshot

UN United Nations

A 191 member group that strive to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of economic, social, cultural and humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights. Is subdivided into a number of organizations.

UNESCO Educational, Scientific,

and Cultural Organization

Strives to encourage international understanding and peace by promoting cooperation through education, science and culture. Programs designed to improve facilities are emphasized.

UNICEF International Children’s Emergency

Fund

Generally assists children in developing countries focusing on issues of child protection, educating females, immunization. HIV/AIDS, gender equality, child rights, access to nutrition and safe water.

International Organisations

Short forms & Symbols

Organization

Description Snapshot

WHO World Health

Organization

Strives to improve health of the world’s people. Establish programs to train personnel, provide information on major communicable diseases and organize research into cancer, heart disease and HIV/AIDS

G-8 History

Originally established in 1975 by the Leaders of major industrial democracies known as the G6, Canada joined in 1976 making it the G7

Meet annually (Summit) to address world political & economic issues

The G7 countries became the G8 when Russia joined in 1998

Summits involve complex international issues where cooperation is essential, they catalyze, revitalize & reform existing international institutions

Recognizes the centrality of global governance

G-8 Members

8 members (at right)+ EU observer statusAlso G-5Also G-77

http://g8.gc.ca/6831/how-the-g8-works/

G-8 Members

G-8 Organization

A new chair of G8 is selected each year depending on the location of the next year’s summit, which is on a rotational basis

The chair is responsible for hosting and organizing the Summit, an annual meeting of leaders to discuss key issues

The chair is responsible for speaking on behalf of the G8

The 2005 chair who hosted the Gleneagle’s Summit, Scotland is UK PM H.E. The Rt. Hon. Tony Blair

The 2006 chair of the St. Petersburg Summit, Russia will be Russian President H.E. Vladimir Putin

G-8 Goal / Mandate

Addresses economic management, international trade, relationships with developing countries, East – West economic relations, energy, terrorism

Defines new issues, providing guidance to other international organizations

Leaders may create task forces to address issues such as drug-related money laundering, nuclear safety, transnational organized crime

Other issues addressed include employment, the information highway, human rights, the environment and arms control

G-8 Canadian Involvement

Canada hosted the 2002 Summit in Kananaskis, Alberta, and we will host the 2010 G-8 Summit

The Rt. Hon. Paul Martin is our representative

Mr. Peter Harder (Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs) is our “Sherpa” Each G8 leader has a representative know as a

‘Sherpa’ who work as advisors in the Leader’s offices and implement the Leader’s commitments made at the Summit.

2010 g8 conference will be in the Muskokas.

G-8 Current Activities

Supporting the New Partnership for Africa’s Development, lead by Tony Blair to develop an action plan to halve world poverty by 2015

G8 Prep in Hunstville

Homework

Read: G8 brings trepidation in HuntsvilleAnswer with your thoughts on the article. Hand in.