Canada in 1945Canada in 1945A New World OrderA New World Order

Post War EuropePost War Europe• Many countries are

rebuilding• In need of aid from

North America• Germany divided

into 4 zones occupied by allies

• Berlin in Soviet Zone

The United NationsThe United Nations• The Big Five (US,

Britain, France , China, and the USSR formed the United nations

• Delegates from 51 nations gathered in April 1945 to form the UN

• “to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war”

Goals of the UNGoals of the UN• To keep world peace and prevent

war• To help advance justice and law

throughout the world• To defend human rights and promote

equality• To encourage friendly relations

SuperpowersSuperpowers• New term - Super

powers• USA and the USSR (The

Soviet Union)• Both had wealth, large

geography, population, and military and nuclear might

• Ideologically – they were opposite

• No trust, a belief that the other side was evil.

• Canada was considered a “middle power”

Soviet expansion in EuropeSoviet expansion in Europe• USSR under Stalin had

occupied all the countries between Russia and West Germany – and turned them into communist states.

• Known as the “Eastern Bloc”

• http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/europe/02/euro_borders/html/8.stm

The Truman DoctrineThe Truman Doctrine• Harry Truman , president of the US in

1947, came up with guiding principles to American foreign policy

• (quote on pf 269)• US will help nations that are

subjected to communist regimes overthrow their governments

• Declaration of a “cold War”

How do you fight a Cold War?How do you fight a Cold War?

• Espionage• Propaganda• Economic and

political pressure• Implied military

aggression• Scare tactics

Anti American Soviet propagandaAnti American Soviet propaganda

Igor GouzenkoIgor Gouzenko Sept. 1945 Sept. 1945

• Clerk with the Soviet embassy walked out with papers that proved that Soviets were spying in Canada

• He was ignored , then when his apartment on Somerset street was searched, he was believed http://maps.google.ca/maps?ie=UTF8&q=igor+gouzenko+somerset+st+&safe=on&t=h&z=16

• He defected to Canada• Significance- showed that Canada was a

player (we had secrets that others wanted to know)

North Atlantic Treaty North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)Organization (NATO)

• Alliance of democratic nations in North Atlantic formed in 1947

• Originally12 nations signed a treaty for mutual defense

• Each member would contribute army, navy, and air force

Soviet Response – The Soviet Response – The Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact

• USSR claimed that NATO was not needed – Soviet Union was not a threat

• In 1955 formed the Warsaw Pact• Soviet satellite countries agreed to defend each

other if a a member was attacked

The Iron Curtain – The Iron Curtain – keep people in and information keep people in and information

outout

“ From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an "iron curtain" has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia ; all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow. “

Winston Churchill March 5 , 1946 (28.21)http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/

winstonchurchillsinewsofpeace.htm