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Canada
Health Canada Santé Canada Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau
National Guidelines for Environmental National Guidelines for Environmental Assessment: Health Impacts of NoiseAssessment: Health Impacts of Noise
Stephen Bly
Canada
Health Canada Santé Canada Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau
Environmental Assessment:Health Impacts of Noise
• Under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act certain projects with Federal Government involvement e.g., highway and rail, must undergo an environmental assessment.
• A project may not proceed if it is likely to cause significant adverse health effects from project-related noise, after mitigation is accounted for.
• Transport Canada, Department of Fisheries and Oceans and the Canadian Transportation Agency have requested expert input from the Acoustics Division on this judgment.
Canada
Health Canada Santé Canada Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau
Why do we need National Guidelines?
INCREASE EFFICIENCY • number of requests has increased considerably
INCREASE TRANSPARENCY • wide variation in information and analyses used to assess health
impacts of project-related noise
STATE-OF-THE-ART• Federal-Provincial document, National Guidelines for
Environmental Noise Control, doesn’t address these problems and parts are out of date.
Canada
Health Canada Santé Canada Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau
How should health impacts be assessed?
GENERAL• direct and cumulative effects on human health, i.e.,
physical, mental and social well-being;
• health effects: (i) adverse, (ii) significant and (iii) likely;
• significance of effects determined by their: (i) severity, (ii) duration, (iii) frequency, (iv) reversibility of effects
Canada
Health Canada Santé Canada Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau
Assessment of Health Impacts of Noise
COMPARE QUALITY OF NOISE ENVIRONMENTS: EXISTING TO PROJECT – Characterize noise environments
• Noise measurement and/or modeling.
– Estimate changes in health due to project noise• Noise levels
• Changes in noise levels
• Dose response relationships
• Existing criteria
• Community consultations
Canada
Health Canada Santé Canada Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau
What is the basis for health impact assessment for project operation?
Average values of percentage highly annoyed (%ha) with and without the project:
%ha = 100
1 + exp[10.4 -1.32*log(100.1*Leq24+3.375*100.1*Ln)]
Leq24 - 24 hour time average sound level
Ln - night time average sound level
Canada
Health Canada Santé Canada Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau
Estimating the %ha (continued)
Sound levels are adjusted for noise environment and/or source.
based on CAN/CSA-ISO 1996-1:05 (ISO 1996-1:2003) Description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise
Canada
Health Canada Santé Canada Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau
Source or environment specific adjustments
Noise source or environmentLeq24 and Ln adjustments
Quiet rural environment +10
Highway or Road Traffic 0
Rail (excluding electric and shunting) 0
Electric Rail - 3 to - 6
Audible Rail Yard Shunting +12
Canada
Health Canada Santé Canada Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau
100
80
60
40
20
0
%hi
ghly
ann
oyed
35 45 55 65 75 85Leq24
Adapted from ISO 1996-1:2003 Assumes Ln = Leq24 – 2 dBA0 dB adjustment
Canada
Health Canada Santé Canada Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau
Draft criteria to assess health impacts
SEVERE IMPACT– Change in %ha 6.5%– Leq 24 > 70 dBA (assumes Ln = Leq24 - 2 dBA)
U.S. References– FTA Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment
Guidance Manual (DOT-T-95-16; 1995)– FRA High-Speed Ground Transportation Noise and
Vibration Impact Assessment– HUD Standard (noise)
Canada
Health Canada Santé Canada Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau
Severe impact project Leq24 noise levels Major Highway project: Ln = Leq24 –2 dBA
Existing Leq24 Existing Ln Project Leq24
38 (quiet rural) 30 46
55 (road) 49 58
65 (heavy road) 59 63
70 (highway) 68 70+
Canada
Health Canada Santé Canada Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau
WHO Guidelines – Susceptible populations
Site LAeq
(dB)
indoor
Time base hours LAmax,
Fast (dB)
Pre-School or School
35 during class N/A
Hospital room or ward
30 8 hr, 11 pm – 7 am
16 hr, 7 am – 11 pm
40
Day Care or Pre-School sleep areas
30 nap time 45
Canada
Health Canada Santé Canada Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau
Monitoring and prediction- Methodology issues
• Representative sites – (locations, contours)
• Representative durations – (hours, days, seasons)
• Complex environments – (multiple noise sources)
Canada
Health Canada Santé Canada Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau
Special Assessment Issues
• Noise and sleep
• Noise and communication/learning
• No guidelines for noise impacts on cultural and ceremonial activities of First Nations people
Canada
Health Canada Santé Canada Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau
How should mitigation be addressed?
• COMMUNITY CONSULTATION
• ENGINEERING CONTROLS AT SOURCE
– Noise emission declarations for construction machinery
– Noise emission specs (limits) for locomotives
– “Quiet pavement” for Highways
• ENGINEERING CONTROLS
– Path (barriers)
• POST PROJECT MONITORING
Canada
Health Canada Santé Canada Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau
WORKING GROUP - March 30, 2005 21 people - HC Secretariat and Chair
• SUFFICIENT NOISE EXPERTISE• Consultants – QC, ON, AB, BC
Provinces – QC, ON, ABFederal – HC, CTA, TCProponent - CN
Canada
Health Canada Santé Canada Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau
7 Subcommittees - tasks and deadlines
TASKS
• Consolidation of Provincial noise guidelines • Preamble • Annex(es) of rationales to explain the health effects criteria• Recommendations of threshold sound levels, acceptable
changes in sound levels and sound level limits• School classroom sound level data• Recommendations for assessment of construction noise
DEADLINESSubcommittee Input for new draft November 15, 2005Working Group Meeting January 19, 2006
Canada
Health Canada Santé Canada Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau
Summary
Draft Fact Sheet for Noise Issues
– Helps Health Canada respond efficiently and transparently to requests for expert information on environmental assessments
– Difficult issues remain
– Broad based Working Group and stakeholder comment will be used to further develop the draft