Can you identify the organizational pattern?

Can you identify the organizational pattern?

• Sequential– Chronological– Spatial– Order of Importance

• Question and Answer

• Cause and Effect

• Comparison and Contrast

• Main Idea and Supporting Details

• How can a person work to improve their vocabulary?

First make learning new words a priority. Work crosswords and play games like scrabble and boggle. Creating personal word lists help too. Never gloss over unfamiliar words but invest time in learning them.

• What are some strategies for effective note taking?A two column method called T-notes can be quite

useful as well as mapping and outlining. With outlining a topic or sentence outlining can be used.a. Cause & effect

b. Comparison/Contrast

c. Main Idea & Supporting Details

d. Question & Answer

1

Kristen’s assignment was to write a report on the life of Abraham Lincoln. So on Monday, she went to the library to gather information. When she found an interesting fact, she wrote it on an index card. On the same card, she noted the title, author, publisher, date of publication, and the page number of the book in which she found the fact. When she thought she had enough information about Lincoln, she went home to work on her paper. That night, she classified the cards according to topics. On Tuesday, she used the facts to write a paragraph about each topic. At the end of the report she used the information on the cards to make a bibliography. Kristen used Wednesday to polish and revise her rough draft into its final form. She hoped to receive a good grade on her work.

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Which sequential pattern is this?a. Chronologicalb. Spatialc. Order of Importance

Kristen’s assignment was to write a report on the life of Abraham Lincoln. So on Monday, she went to the library to gather information. When she found an interesting fact, she wrote it on an index card. On the same card, she noted the title, author, publisher, date of publication, and the page number of the book in which she found the fact. When she thought she had enough information about Lincoln, she went home to work on her paper. That night, she classified the cards according to topics. On Tuesday, she used the facts to write a paragraph about each topic. At the end of the report she used the information on the cards to make a bibliography. Kristen used Wednesday to polish and revise her rough draft into its final form. She hoped to receive a good grade on her work.

a. Chronological

2

In California alone, from 1981-1997, wind-generated power grew steadily from 36,000 kilowatt hours (KWH) to more than 200,000 KWH, nearly a six fold increase. As the world’s oil resources shrink and the demand for energy increases, electricity generated by the wind will turn on more and more electric lights and run more and more washing machines, vacuum cleaners, furnaces, and thousands of other devices. Oil, on the other hand, will eventually disappear or, at least, become so scarce as to be very expensive. The wind, however, will always be with us.

3

a. Cause & effect




In California alone, from 1981-1997, wind-generated power grew steadily from 36,000 kilowatt hours (KWH) to more than 200,000 KWH, nearly a six fold increase. As the world’s oil resources shrink and the demand for energy increases, electricity generated by the wind will turn on more and more electric lights and run more and more washing machines, vacuum cleaners, furnaces, and thousands of other devices. Oil, on the other hand, will eventually disappear or, at least, become so scarce as to be very expensive. The wind, however, will always be with us.

b. Compare and Contrast

3

I saw a man running out of the bank with an automatic in his right hand. I noticed that on his left hand he had a bandage that was kind of bulky. He was bareheaded. He had red hair that came down to his shoulders. He wore a black-and-red striped jacket that was open almost all the way down to his waist. I could see something that looked like a bundle of money sticking out of his jacket. Maybe the bundle was stuck under the pants’ belt.

4


I saw a man running out of the bank with an automatic in his right hand. I noticed that on his left hand he had a bandage that was kind of bulky. He was bareheaded. He had red hair that came down to his shoulders. He wore a black-and-red striped jacket that was open almost all the way down to his waist. I could see something that looked like a bundle of money sticking out of his jacket. Maybe the bundle was stuck under the pants’ belt.

b. SPATIAL

4

• On Saturday, August 13, Marianne Dorcas and a companion, Thomas Duncan, were hiking the Appalachian Trail on the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware Water Gap. Suddenly, a brown bear protective of her two cubs trailing behind confronted them. The two experienced hikers stopped in their tracks, kept their bodies perfectly still, and stared the bear down. After a tense wait of about 30 seconds, the bear then turned and lumbered away with her cubs. The hikers continued on and, upon meeting a forest ranger, reported the incident.

5


• On Saturday, August 13, Marianne Dorcas and a companion, Thomas Duncan, were hiking the Appalachian Trail on the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware Water Gap. Suddenly, a brown bear protective of her two cubs trailing behind confronted them. The two experienced hikers stopped in their tracks, kept their bodies perfectly still, and stared the bear down. After a tense wait of about 30 seconds, the bear then turned and lumbered away with her cubs. The hikers continued on and, upon meeting a forest ranger, reported the incident.

a. Chronological

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• Sentence outlines have certain advantages over topical outlines. One advantage is that sentences express complete thoughts; topics do not. Also, there will be greater detail in sentence outlines than in topical outlines. A person who doesn’t know much about the subject of an outline will probably gain a better understanding from reading a sentence outline. To put it in another context, just as it is easier to converse with a person who speaks in full sentences, so it is easier to understand written sentences rather than phrases.

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a. Cause & effect




• Sentence outlines have certain advantages over topical outlines. One advantage is that sentences express complete thoughts; topics do not. Also, there will be greater detail in sentence outlines than in topical outlines. A person who doesn’t know much about the subject of an outline will probably gain a better understanding from reading a sentence outline. To put it in another context, just as it is easier to converse with a person who speaks in full sentences, so it is easier to understand written sentences rather than phrases.

b. Comparison & Contrast

6

• Sediment settles on the bottoms of lakes and reservoirs, particularly at dam sites. This reduces the capacity of the reservoir to hold water. There are two bad results of the buildup of top soil. One, in times of heavy rains, reservoirs cannot hold as much water and floods can occur because of the spillover. Two, in times of little rain there may not be enough water for homes, factories, and farms downstream.

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a. Cause & effect




• Sediment settles on the bottoms of lakes and reservoirs, particularly at dam sites. This reduces the capacity of the reservoir to hold water. There are two bad results of the buildup of top soil. One, in times of heavy rains, reservoirs cannot hold as much water and floods can occur because of the spillover. Two, in times of little rain there may not be enough water for homes, factories, and farms downstream.

a. Cause & Effect

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• An impressive example of just how much soil can be washed from the land is the delta of the Mississippi River. Each year more than 300 million cubic yards of topsoil are deposited at its mouth. These yearly deposits that come from the Great Plains of the United States have created a delta that is larger than the state of New Jersey. And, the Mississippi delta is only one of the hundreds throughout the United States and the world.

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a. Cause & effect




• An impressive example of just how much soil can be washed from the land is the delta of the Mississippi River. Each year more than 300 million cubic yards of topsoil are deposited at its mouth. These yearly deposits that come from the Great Plains of the United States have created a delta that is larger than the state of New Jersey. And, the Mississippi delta is only one of the hundreds throughout the United States and the world.


8

• The “good years” for the early Great Plains farmers ended when periods of drought, or little rain, began. Because crops had been harvested and the land was uncovered, the earth was exposed to the weather. Added to the problem were the almost constant winds that blew over the land month after month. The absence of rain, the drying action of the wind, and the hot sun of summer resulted in a region that was as dry as a desert.

9

a. Cause & effect




• The “good years” for the early Great Plains farmers ended when periods of drought, or little rain, began. Because crops had been harvested and the land was uncovered, the earth was exposed to the weather. Added to the problem were the almost constant winds that blew over the land month after month. The absence of rain, the drying action of the wind, and the hot sun of summer resulted in a region that was as dry as a desert.

a. Cause & Effect

9

• The Great Lakes are a great asset to the United States. Fishing, recreation, water supply, and water power are four ways they are useful. Secondly, the lakes provide scenic beauty. Perhaps the most important benefit of the lakes is that they provide a waterway for ships from the Atlantic Ocean to sail far within the interior of the United States and Canada.

10


• The Great Lakes are a great asset to the United States. Fishing, recreation, water supply, and water power are four ways they are useful. Secondly, the lakes provide scenic beauty. Perhaps the most important benefit of the lakes is that they provide a waterway for ships from the Atlantic Ocean to sail far within the interior of the United States and Canada.

c. Order of Importance

10

• Classification systems are extremely important. It is hard to imagine a library that does not have a means of classifying books or a secretary’s file that doesn’t have folders with identifying labels. Colleges have several kinds of classifying systems; for example, students may be classified as freshmen, sophomores, juniors, or seniors. They could further be classified within that system according to their main course of study such as science, history, education, and so on.

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a. Cause & effect




• Classification systems are extremely important. It is hard to imagine a library that does not have a means of classifying books or a secretary’s file that doesn’t have folders with identifying labels. Colleges have several kinds of classifying systems; for example, students may be classified as freshmen, sophomores, juniors, or seniors. They could further be classified within that system according to their main course of study such as science, history, education, and so on.


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Now, let’s review mapping a paragraph’s organization pattern.

• Carefully read the paragraph on the next slide.

• Identify the topic sentence at the top of your map.

• Underneath, map the main points and the supporting details.

• Remember when mapping paragraphs on your own that paragraph maps follow sample pattern below, but may vary a little from one paragraph to the next.

Topic Sentence

Supporting Details

Main Point Main PointMain Point

Supporting Details

Supporting Details

Supporting Details

Supporting Details

Supporting Details

Concluding Sentence

Oil spills do more than make water unfit for drinking or swimming. Fish die because their gills become oil-clogged; this prevents them from getting oxygen from the water. Birds suffer too. Their feathers become matted and stick together so that they can’t fly, and, as a result, they die. Shorelines become covered with thick, gooey oil. This not only stops people from swimming, but also kills water life such as crabs and clams. Obviously, such pollution has dire effects.


Sample Answer

Oil does more than make water unfit for drinking or swimming.

Birds Suffer Thick, gooey shorelinesFish Die


Sample Answer

Oil does more than make water unfit for drinking or swimming.

Gills are clogged with oil

Birds Suffer Thick, gooey shorelinesFish Die

Can’t get oxygen

from water

Stops Swimming

Matted feathers that stick together

Kills crabs & ClamsCan’t fly

and thus die

Obviously, such pollution has dire effects.

Now let’s try one without a template….Horses have served man through the centuries.

For thousands of years, draft horses have pulled heavy wagons and plows. Coach horses, not as heavy and strong as draft horses, pull lighter vehicles such as carriages in which people ride; sometimes they are used as saddle horses. Many other kinds of horses are used for different purposes. For example, ponies are small horses that pull light wagons or carts; they are also popular pets for children to ride at carnivals and circuses. Donkeys are relatives of horses, but are not as large. One of their important uses is to carry loads on their backs over rough trails. These four-footed creatures certainly have served mankind well throughout the years.

Sample Answer

Horses have served man throughout the centuries.

Pulled heavy

wagons and

plows

Coach horses poniesDraft Horses

Not as heavy & strong as

draft horse

Pull carts & light wagonsUsed to

pull carriages

Carnival & circus rides for children

Sometimes used as saddle horses

These four-footed creatures certainly have served mankind well throughout the years.

donkeys

Relative of horse

Carries load over rough

areas

Documents

Can you identify the organizational pattern?