11

Can there be a truly Green Building or Can there be a truly Green Building or Eco-city without a Data-based Eco-city without a Data-based

approach?approach?

QINGPENG WEI, Ph.D.QINGPENG WEI, Ph.D.Building Energy Research CenterBuilding Energy Research Center

Tsinghua University, ChinaTsinghua University, China

3rd US-China Green Energy Conference

20100622, Suzhou, China

22

BERCBERC Building Energy Research CenterBuilding Energy Research Center Established in March, 2005; Sprouted from Institute of Built Environment, THUEstablished in March, 2005; Sprouted from Institute of Built Environment, THU

General InformationGeneral Information

MissionMission Devote to develop energy efficient Devote to develop energy efficient and environmentally responsible and environmentally responsible buildings and cities in accordance buildings and cities in accordance with national and international with national and international energy and environmental targets energy and environmental targets through innovation.through innovation.

33

Solar thermalpanel Plant roof

Insulated walland window

Light well andVentilation chimney

PV panel

Double-skin façade, External ventilation

Double-skin façade, internal ventilation

Vacuum glazing

Sunlight Collect system

Man-madeWet land

HorizontalExterior Shading

VerticalExterior Shading

Double-skin facade, natural ventilation

PCM risenfloor

Self cleaningglass

Green house

Low-E TripleGlazing Controllable

aperture

Low Energy Demo Building: An Integrated PlatformLow Energy Demo Building: An Integrated Platform

44

City electricity network

PV panel

Liquid Desiccant Regenerator

Solar thermal collector FAHU with Liquid Desiccant Total Heat Recovery

Frequency changeable pump

Fan coil unit

Radiant Cooling/ Heating Ceiling

Personal ventilation

Displacement ventilation

LampSunlight collector

Soil resource heat pump

Electricity

Natural gas

Absorption heat pump

Stirling engine

Fuel cell

Micro turbo

Exhausted heat

Gas engine

Chiller

Heat exchanger

Liquid Desiccant Tank

Temperature control

Humidity

control

55

Can there be a truly Green Building or Can there be a truly Green Building or Eco-city without a Data-based Eco-city without a Data-based

approach?approach?

66Owens (USGBC), Frankel, Turner (NBI), 2008

77

Typical Multi Family Bldg. in BeijingTypical Multi Family Bldg. in Beijing

A. 5 floors, 1981 Split unit

B.18 floors, 1996, Split unit

C. 26 floors, 2003 Split unit

D. 26 floors, 2004, Unitary AC

E. 26 floors, 2005, Centralized AC system

88

Measured Electricity Use for ACMeasured Electricity Use for AC

02468

101214161820

A B C D E

20062007

kWh/m2.year

99

Case2: AC in Summer in Res. Bldg. Case2: AC in Summer in Res. Bldg.

• Measured Electricity Use of Air-Measured Electricity Use of Air-Conditioners in Each Household in a Conditioners in Each Household in a multi family apartment in Beijingmulti family apartment in Beijing

0123456789

101112131415

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

住户编号

空调

能耗

指标 (

kW

h/m

2 )

平均值 2.3 kWh/m2 Average 2.3kWh/m2

Ene

rgy

Con

sum

ptio

n of

Coo

ling

Sys

tem

(kW

h/m

2)

Apartment No.

0123456789

101112131415

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

住户编号

空调

能耗

指标 (

kW

h/m

2 )

平均值 2.3 kWh/m2 Average 2.3kWh/m2

Ene

rgy

Con

sum

ptio

n of

Coo

ling

Sys

tem

(kW

h/m

2)

Apartment No.

Elec

tric

ity C

onsu

mpt

ion

of C

oolin

g Sy

stem

0123456789

101112131415

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

住户编号

空调

能耗

指标 (

kW

h/m

2 )

平均值 2.3 kWh/m2 Average 2.3kWh/m2

Ene

rgy

Con

sum

ptio

n of

Coo

ling

Sys

tem

(kW

h/m

2)

Apartment No.

0123456789

101112131415

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

住户编号

空调

能耗

指标 (

kW

h/m

2 )

平均值 2.3 kWh/m2 Average 2.3kWh/m2

Ene

rgy

Con

sum

ptio

n of

Coo

ling

Sys

tem

(kW

h/m

2)

Apartment No.

Elec

tric

ity C

onsu

mpt

ion

of C

oolin

g Sy

stem

1010

Case studyCase study ：： Campus BuildingsCampus Buildings

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

摄氏

度

费城北京

B A

1111

Observations on A Campus in BeijingObservations on A Campus in Beijing

0

50

100

150

200

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43

电扇 分体空调 中央空调

0

50

100

150

200

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43

电扇 分体空调 中央空调

Electricity of Campus Buildings (A), kWh/m2.a

Average: 30

Average: 64

Average: 82

Buildings with Fan Only

Buildings with Split AC Units

Buildings with Centralized AC System

1212

Observations in Campus in PhiladelphiaObservations in Campus in Philadelphia

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94

kWh.

a/m

2

Electricity of Campus Buildings (B), kWh/m2.a

Excluding District Cooling Plant

Served with District Heating / Cooling (DHC) System

1313

Metered Cooling Consumption DataMetered Cooling Consumption Data11 22

Cooling Consumption in Buildings in a summer weekCooling Consumption in Buildings in a summer week

Buildings in USBuildings in US

W/mW/m22

Buildings in BJBuildings in BJ

1414

Reheat Fighting with CoolingReheat Fighting with Cooling• A typical Air Handling Process in a US bldg: A typical Air Handling Process in a US bldg:

VAV + ReheatVAV + Reheat22 ℃

17℃ 21℃ 14℃ 20℃

Cooling CoilVAV box withRe-heaterCooling: 264kW

Heating: 228kW

22 ℃

17℃ 21℃ 14℃ 20℃

Cooling CoilVAV box withRe-heaterCooling: 264kW

Heating: 228kW

1515

Think of it… Think of it…

ECBCS ExCo Meeting, Oxford, United Kingdom, November 2009

　 IEA ECBCS Annex 53　　 Total energy use in buildings - analysis and evaluation methods

16

Influencing Factors on Total Energy Use in Buildings

Weather

Building Envelop

BuildingEquipment

Operation & Maintenance

OccupantBehavior

Indoor EnvironmentConditions

Building Performance Energy UseEnergy Use

By Prof. Yoshino

1717

EUI per capita vs. EUI per GFAEUI per capita vs. EUI per GFA

Source: International Energy Outlook 2008, EIA DOE, 2008

Canada, 155

France, 132

Netherlands, 37

USA, 1431

Japan, 245

Greece, 27

Urban China,342

Germany, 143

England, 227

Korea, 81

Rural China, 187

0

20

40

60

80

0 2000 4000 6000

EUI_ca: kgce/(ca.a)

EU

I_fl:

kg

ce/(

m2

.a)

million tce

1818

Evolution of Energy Use in Bldg.Evolution of Energy Use in Bldg.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1945 1960 1975 1990 2005

kgce

/(m

2.a

)

USA Japan Korea Urban China Rural China

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1945 1960 1975 1990 2005

kgce

/(ca

.a)

USA Japan Korea Urban China Rural China

Per capitaPer capita Per GFAPer GFA

Source: International Energy Outlook 2008, EIA DOE, 2008

1919

Global Ecological FootprintGlobal Ecological Footprint

Source: A Living Planet, WWF Report, 2005

2020

Data-based ApproachData-based Approach• Goal SettingGoal Setting

– Maintaining the real energy use in urban Maintaining the real energy use in urban consumption sector within a certain figureconsumption sector within a certain figure

• Policy MakingPolicy Making– Designed and conducted based on analyzing and Designed and conducted based on analyzing and

understanding the real energy use dataunderstanding the real energy use data– Evaluated after implementation through Evaluated after implementation through

measured or surveyed real energy use data on measured or surveyed real energy use data on which the policy is supposed to influencewhich the policy is supposed to influence

2121

Thank you!Thank you!

qpwei@tsinghua.edu.cnqpwei@tsinghua.edu.cn