Can Slums be Shrink By M. Nirmal Reddy

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The present study is a modest attempt to identify the factors

contributed to the growth of slums in Hyderabad and solution for shrinkage

and disappearance of the slums as offered by the slum dwellers. Towards this

end, the following objectives are set for the study. They include (1) to identify

the determinants of the growth of slums in Hyderabad (2) to understand the

perceptions of the slum dwellers with reference to their suggestions to make

the slums to shrink. 120 slum dwellers are selected as sample respondents

from Addagutta and Borabanda slums of Hyderabad District. Sample

respondents are selected mostly by adhering to the principle of stratified

random sampling method. The data are collected directly from the

respondents by administering a pre-designed questionnaire /schedule. The

following is the list of factors which contributed for the growth of slums and

list of suggestions as perceived by the sample respondents. The present

study is divided into two sections viz., Section-A and Section-B . Section-A

deals with the perceptions of sample respondents with regard to the factors

which contributed to the growth of slums. Section-B deals with the

suggestions offered by the slum dwellers to shrink the slums.

FACTORS CONTRIBUTED TO THE GROWTH OF SLUMS

1. Poverty

2. Un-employment

3. Exorbitant rates of rent in other areas

4. Living with similar socio-economic status

5. Huge Migration rate

6. Proximity to work station

7. Preference to stay with their near and dear

8. Low cost of living

9. Prefer to live in similar culture and value systems

10. Inadequate transport system

SUGGESTIONS FOR SHRINKAGE AND DISAPPEARANCE OF SLUMS

1. Rapid growth in city economy

2. Wage employment

3. Studies

September,1995,pp.1-45)

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Level of cost of living has got its own bearing on their preference to

stay in slums as living in a slum is synonyms with low cost of living

(Refer Table-11).

84.2 percent of the respondents have preferred to live in similar culture

and value systems as a result of which they are forced to stay in slums.

(Refer Table-12)

Inadequate and less covered transport system also forced 88.3 percent

of respondents to stay in slums. (Refer Table-13)

4/5thth of the respondents have felt that the rapid growth of city

economy is panacea for the problem of slums. (Refer Table-14)

Wage employment is considered to be a solution for shrinkage in the

slums and it is opined by 87.5 per cent of the respondents. (Refer

Table-15).

Subsidies in terms of subsistence allowance will also act as a factor

which can wipe out slums in Metropolitan cities is considered by 2/3rd of

the sample respondents. (Refer Table-16).

A sound policy and practice of housing will also help to make the slums

to shrink and finally disappear and it is felt by 77.5 percent of the

respondents. (Refer Table-17).

An appropriate loan facility to the slum dwellers is also going to act as

determinant to reduce the quotient of growth of slums and the same isfelt by 4/5th of respondents. (Refer Table-18).

Provision of adequate and appropriate meal services will also make

people to dislike to stay in slums. (Refer Table-19)

Provision of public bathing facilities by the Government will make

people not to prefer to stay in slums and the same is opined by

approximately 81 per cent of the respondents. (Refer Table-20).

Provision of adequate overnight accommodation facilities will reduce to

large extent the preference of the people to stay in slums. (ReferTable-21).

States provision of child care will also have positive impact on slum

shrinkage and it is felt by 73.3 per cent of the respondents. (Refer

Table-22)

The provision of education services for poor children will reduce the

problem of slums. (Refer Table-23).

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4/5th of the respondents have felt that provision of medical services to

the poor people and slum dwellers will definitely reduce the slum

areas. (Refer Table-24).

Employment both in terms of quantity and quality will pave the way for

the shrinkage of slums and the same is felt by 83.3 per cent of the

respondents. (Refer Table-25)

Instead of general slum dwellers development policies and

programmes , slum specific development initiatives will help the slums

to shrink and finally disappear in the study area. (Refer Table-26).

The suggestions offered by the Slum dwellers are similar to those

of lessons drawn from slum shrinkage in Tokyo, Japan. Shimodaira Hiromi has

explained about slum shrinkage and disappearance in Tokyo and observed (1)

Drastic shrinkage of slums took place as part of a great wave of social

improvement both in employment and living conditions5 .

SECTION-1

TABLE-1

Distribution of sample respondents by age

AgeFrequen

cy

Perce

nt

Upto 25

yrs28 23.3

26-40 yrs 36 30.0

41-60 yrs 32 26.7

Above 60

yrs24 20.0

Total 120 100.0

Source: Compiled from primary data records

TABLE-2

Distribution of sample respondents Social Status

Frequen Percent

5 Shimodaira Hiromi, Slum of Tokyo: Their changing phases with Economic development is shrinkage

of urban slums in Asia and their emplyment aspects by Tatsuru Akimoto (ed). ILO Regional Office for Asia

and Pacific Bangkok, 1998 PP 65-169)

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cy

OC 18 15.0

BC 52 43.3

SC 26 21.7

ST 19 15.8

Othe

rs 5 4.2

Total 120 100.0


TABLE-3

Distribution of sample respondents by Economic Status

Frequen

cy

Perce

nt

Very poor 60 50.0

Poor 55 45.8

Middle

Class5 4.2

Total 120 100.0


TABLE-4

Distribution of sample respondents by their perception about the reasons for

the growth of slums with reference to poverty.

Frequen

cy

Perce

ntNO 28 23.3

Yes 92 76.7

Tot

al120 100.0


TABLE-5


the growth of slums with reference to Un-employment

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Frequen

cy

Perce

nt

NO 19 15.8

Yes 101 84.2

Tot

al

120 100.0


TABLE-6


the growth of slums with reference to Exorbitant rates of rent in other

surrounding areas.

Frequency

Percent

NO 26 21.7

Yes 94 78.3

Tot

al120 100.0


TABLE-7


the growth of slums with reference to preference to live with similar socio-

economic status.

Frequen

cy

Perce

nt

NO 16 13.3

Yes 104 86.7

Tot

al120 100.0


TABLE-8

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the growth of slums with reference to huge migration rate.

Frequen

cy

Perce

nt

NO 33 27.5

Yes 87 72.5

Tot

al120 100.0


TABLE-9


the growth of slums with reference to Proximity to work station.

Frequen

cy

Perce

nt

NO 28 23.3

Yes 92 76.7

Tot

al120 100.0


TABLE-10

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the growth of slums with reference to Preference to stay with their near and

dear.

Frequen

cy

Perce

nt

NO 18 15.0

Yes 102 85.0

Tot

al120 100.0


TABLE-11


the growth of slums with reference to Low cost of living

Frequen

cy

Perce

nt

NO 16 13.3

Yes 104 86.7

Tot

al120 100.0


TABLE-12


the growth of slums with reference to Prefer to live in similar culture and

value systems.

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Frequen

cy

Perce

nt

NO 19 15.8

Yes 101 84.2

Tot

al

120 100.0


TABLE-13


the growth of slums with reference to inadequate transport system.

Frequen

cy

Perce

ntNO 14 11.7

Yes 106 88.3

Tota

l120 100.0


SECTION-B

SUGGESTIONS TO MAKE THE SLUMS TO SHRINK AND DISAPPEAR

TABLE-14

Distribution of sample respondents by their suggestion to make the slums to

shrink and disappear rapid growth of city economy.

Frequency

Percent

NO 23 19.2

Yes 97 80.8

Tot

al120 100.0


TABLE-15

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shrink and disappear wage employment.

Frequen

cy

Perce

nt

NO 15 12.5

Yes 105 87.5

Tot

al120 100.0


TABLE-16


shrink and disappear Subsidies.

Frequen

cy

Perce

nt

NO 41 34.2

Yes 79 65.8Tot

al120 100.0


TABLE-17


shrink and disappear housing.

Frequen

cy

Perce

nt

NO 27 22.5

Yes 93 77.5

Tot

al120 100.0


TABLE-18


shrink and disappear loan facilities.

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Frequen

cy

Perce

nt

NO 24 20.0

Yes 96 80.0

Total

120 100.0


TABLE-19


shrink and disappear meal services.

Frequen

cy

Perce

nt

NO 29 24.2

Yes 91 75.8

Tot

al120 100.0


TABLE-20


shrink and disappear public baths.

Frequen

cy

Perce

nt

NO 23 19.2

Yes 97 80.8

Tot

al120 100.0

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TABLE-21


shrink and disappear overnight accommodation.

Frequen

cy

Perce

nt

NO 25 20.8

Yes 95 79.2

Tot

al120 100.0


TABLE-22


shrink and disappear child care

Frequen

cy

Perce

nt

NO 32 26.7

Yes 88 73.3

Tot

al120 100.0


TABLE-23


shrink and disappear education services for poor children.

Frequen

cy

Perce

nt

NO 21 17.5

Yes 99 82.5

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Tot

al120 100.0


TABLE-24


shrink and disappear medical services.

Frequen

cy

Perce

nt

NO 24 20.0

Yes 96 80.0

Tot

al120 100.0


TABLE-25


shrink and disappear employment.

Frequen

cy

Perce

nt

NO 20 16.7

Yes 100 83.3

Tot

al120 100.0


TABLE-26


shrink and disappear slum specific development initiatives.

Frequen

cy

Perce

nt

NO 29 24.2

Yes 91 75.8

Tot

al

120 100.0

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Can Slums be Shrink By M. Nirmal Reddy