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"Can Porters 5 Forces Model be an appropriate tool to analyze competitor’s environment in case of software development market in Nepal? Please assess each of its components against the case and conclude it decisively." M.Porter has idenƟed 5 major forces that govern compeƟtors environment for any business model. Let’s try to identify the 5 forces analysis of the software development market in Nepal. 1. Intensity of rivalry and compeƟƟon With the growth in the software industry significantly in last 5 years, there has been a tremendous level of rise in rivalry and competition in Nepalese Market. However the major players of the software industries eye the outsourcing jobs, but lot more of them are taking key interest in local market as well. Ease in opening the company, relative lesser fixed cost requirement and abundance of skilled manpower in local market has been some of the key aspects why there has been a mushroom growth of software companies in each category, be it outsourcing, local market focused, generic or web based application development software companies. The cost of making a website for any organization has decreased significantly off late. Hence at present, there are more choices and hence there is a fierce battle between them to acquire competitive advantage. A total of 5.6% of total export (From World Bank database) of goods has been a trademark development of ICT in Nepal. These show tremendous competition being present in Nepalese context. 2. Barriers to Entry Barring aside the political instability and overall conduciveness to do business in Nepal, Nepal provides a better scope of ICT related business entrance. Besides the cheap manpower and abundant resources along with the global alignment to INDIA and CHINA plays a part in increasing the conducive option to do business in Nepal. From the World bank data that prevails the overall ease of doing business, Nepal is rated higher than India and little lesser than china for that matter and hence it is a positive scenario for one who plans for entrance in ICT related business in Nepal. Hence there are no such barriers to enter in Nepalese Market as an ICT company, Companies like D2 Hawk eye, Red Couch, Javra, Link Tree, Leapfrog, Nepal KCC etc among others have come entered the ICT company race off late and hence are enjoying the market. This come to show that there are going to be a significant number of competitors. From the product aspect, the brand values of such companies are not that prominent. Barring some product like pumori, Midas learning kit etc there are only few that have earned name in the market. Hence ICT companies have lot of scope to come in the market and acquire that space. However slowly and steadily work is being already started so it can also be concluded that it’s better to enter the market sooner rather than later, coz the barriers in this aspect is growing by each day.

Can Porters 5 Forces Model Be an Appropriate Tool to Analyze Competitor

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M.Porter has identified 5 major forces that govern competitors environment for any business model.Let’s try to identify the 5 forces analysis of the software development market in Nepal.

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Page 1: Can Porters 5 Forces Model Be an Appropriate Tool to Analyze Competitor

"Can  Porters  5  Forces Model  be  an  appropriate  tool  to  analyze  competitor’s environment  in case of software development market  in Nepal? Please assess each of its components against the case and conclude it decisively."  

M.Porter has  iden fied 5 major  forces  that govern  compe tors environment  for any business model. Let’s try to identify the 5 forces analysis of the software development market in Nepal. 

 1. Intensity of rivalry and compe on 

With  the  growth  in  the  software  industry  significantly  in  last  5  years,  there  has  been  a tremendous  level  of  rise  in  rivalry  and  competition  in Nepalese Market. However  the major players of the software industries eye the outsourcing jobs, but lot more of them are taking key interest  in  local  market  as  well.  Ease  in  opening  the  company,  relative  lesser  fixed  cost requirement  and  abundance  of  skilled manpower  in  local market  has  been  some  of  the  key aspects why there has been a mushroom growth of software companies in each category, be it outsourcing,  local market  focused,  generic  or  web  based  application  development  software companies.  The cost of making a website for any organization has decreased significantly off late. Hence at present,  there  are more  choices  and hence  there  is  a  fierce battle between  them  to  acquire competitive advantage. A total of 5.6% of total export (From World Bank database) of goods has been  a  trademark  development  of  ICT  in Nepal.  These  show  tremendous  competition  being present in Nepalese context.   

2. Barriers to Entry Barring aside  the political  instability and overall conduciveness  to do business  in Nepal, Nepal provides  a  better  scope  of  ICT  related  business  entrance.  Besides  the  cheap manpower  and abundant  resources  along  with  the  global  alignment  to  INDIA  and  CHINA  plays  a  part  in increasing  the  conducive  option  to  do  business  in  Nepal.    From  the World  bank  data  that prevails the overall ease of doing business, Nepal is rated higher than India and little lesser than china for that matter and hence  it  is a positive scenario for one who plans for entrance  in  ICT related business in Nepal.  Hence there are no such barriers to enter  in Nepalese Market as an  ICT company, Companies like D2 Hawk eye, Red Couch, Javra, Link Tree, Leapfrog, Nepal KCC etc among others have come entered the  ICT company race off  late and hence are enjoying the market. This come to show that there are going to be a significant number of competitors.  From the product aspect, the brand values of such companies are not that prominent. Barring some product  like pumori, Midas  learning kit etc there are only few that have earned name  in the market. Hence  ICT  companies have  lot of  scope  to  come  in  the market  and  acquire  that space. However  slowly and  steadily work  is being already  started  so  it can also be concluded that  it’s better  to enter  the market sooner  rather  than  later, coz  the barriers  in  this aspect  is growing by each day.   

Page 2: Can Porters 5 Forces Model Be an Appropriate Tool to Analyze Competitor

3. Bargaining power of Supplier For the same, we can look at it from two perspectives a. Firstly  there  are  very  less  supplier with high  credentials,  and hence people  are  forced  to 

abide  by  the  norms  and  competitive  behavior  of  the  suppliers.  They  have  the  most significant power  in the business and hence the cost of system  is highly  influenced.   There are also very few experienced project/program managers. Hence there  is a higher chances of cost and manpower manipulation in that regard. 

b. Since  the  local market  of Nepal  consumes  significantly  less  domestic  software,  the  local suppliers  compete  indirectly with  the  international  vendors  like Microsoft,  Finacle,  Tally, Photoshop, Business‐in‐a‐Box etc. Hence  from  this view point  it  can also be  said  that  the bargaining power of the suppliers in the Nepalese market is less. And hence they are forced to mend the cost as per the need of the customer.  

Having  seen  from both  the  angle,  the  bargaining  power of  the  software  industry  in Nepal  is variant/dependent over the nature of the company and the product that  it  is aiming to sale. If we are  to conclude  the  statement/analysis,  I would  rather prefer  the  last analysis, where  the suppliers in the country have very less credential and hence find it difficult to fight it out with Big Software  giant’s  across  the  globe  as  reaching  the  globe  for  purchase  related  issues  is  very convenient these days.  

4. Bargaining power of buyers Buyers in case of Nepal posses a higher bargaining power. These are simply due to the fact that the  local  market  is  just  being  exploited  and  there  are  lesser  buyers  in  comparison  to  the suppliers present  in  the market  itself. Besides  technological awareness  is  just on  the  rise and hence potential customers are at pinnacle to realize the need of system/software driven office systems. Also the market is very young in Nepal, hence there is lot to prove for the suppliers and hence the buyers in the market exploit this.  Also since the buyers cannot clearly articulate their needs, at times buyers do suffer from lesser bargaining power, however  scenario  is  changing every day. Thus with  rise  in better  technical educated managers, articulating  the  fact has been easier each day, hence  this  fairly  rises  the bargaining power of the buyers in the software industry in Nepal.  

5. Threats of Substitutes There is a significant threat of substitute in Nepal. Companies in Nepal rely most heavily in the most  generic  kind  of  software;  this  in  return makes  the  companies more  capable  to  switch between  several  softwares’.  However  with  rise  of  financial  institutions,  department  stores, educational institutes and many others relying heavy on the bespoke (customized) software, it is safe  to say  that  this has been going down significantly, but  the  threat still  remains unless  the management of organizations prefers more customized systems.   Besides with the positive market state, there are chances very likely that a severe competition is on  the  cards  and  hence  substitutions  are more  likely  in  the market  unless  they  gain more competitive advantages and innovation techniques over rival companies.  

Page 3: Can Porters 5 Forces Model Be an Appropriate Tool to Analyze Competitor

From the  in detail analysis of the software  industry  in Nepal and  its Prospects,  I can see that Porter 5 forces theory can be used to  identify the market scenario for any new comer  in this market. However there  is  a  slight  case  of  dependability  if we  are  looking  for  an  answer  in  broad  term.  In  a  concrete manner, it cannot be identified from the analysis above that the Porter’s 5 forces analysis is a complete tool to identify the competitors’ environment. Hence we cannot completely rely on the model in case of software  industry. There might be  few  reasons why analyzing  this  in case of Nepalese context can be less dependable, such as 

i. Nepal has just entered in the market of software industry 

ii. Political Scenario affecting the policy related issues that can be assessed in any time. 

iii. Young Local market in creating the demand for the software industry in total 

Hence this shows that though there is current study of the scenario of the market status, there are many variations  that are misleading. Once  the problems are overcome,  things can certainly get better  from good.  

Thus I conclude that though Porter’s 5 forces give a shape of the software development industry and its insights,  it cannot be definitively said  that the market’s competitiveness  is all assessed. Hence we can only say that given the agile nature of the industry and fragile nature of the country itself, it is difficult to rely heavy on the Porter’s 5 forces model.