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(Influence of the Government of India

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(^3) RifdVl Rf^TR ^iT (Influence of the British constitution) — ^Kdld -dPrdH ^T WRFf

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^ <|t3Mfd kt ^ifddlPl=F WT ddldl W tl

(tst) arkfr^t flfddH TnTR (Influence of the

American constitution)—"HKdld •ylddH % 33^Rj anddt

tR 33ifk^ Rf^dR ^ 11 S^RRT ^ fRfl;,

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(tj) aiiiiR^i ■nlddM ^33 RRR (Influence of the Irish constitution)—"HKdld <H(ddH k dHdP-TcT

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(R) ail^fHdl % -HlddH ^3T RRR (Influence of the Australian constitution)—"MKdld kfkdR

MWIdHI ^1" "RRT, <3dddT ^t. ksT cRTT 3Rkf k RWfe RRd" ^rdlR 3TRT RC ail^fddl k

fPrr rr: rrr ti

(^ 5RTST k» -HfddH ^T srtr (Influence of the Canadian constitution)—didi-si k ■yPidH k

Wfkr tRR tt kfkdR fkflfrnaff k kkkT RRW 33R3lf t r^I SrIrR- RfkRTT (residuary

powers) kkkr m^R k P^k ^3^ kl ti

(*3) ^imm akr ^fkR 3ikidii kj 33fkRRf ^n- ^nTR (Influence of the constitutions of Japan.and

South Africa) — kiddM k 33c[kcT '^FFJfT SKI ^likd kkRT' (procedure established by law)

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fefert 3^ Iq-^n tl ^1% FF^F, 3FF tFt Ft FfcT^f# ^5 "yild^ltdF FCTOBTf F fFFRT It FF

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8- ^ (Previous Constitutions)

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(Constituent Assembly)

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^ ^ r^L%? ^

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^ ^RT ^ %t 3TeFT-3TerT ^TR ^RIT ^ ^-|

vfom mn cm f^mkr (Formation of the Constituent Assembly)

1946 %3^^

^ ^ m & rn

^r. 3^ ^r ^ -...^r ^ ^5!

means the mass of a country hi 6 0^ 'tS ^aSt' ^^bning for itself a new garment of its own

> evolutionary significance." aCtl0n elected representatives." It has, therefore, a den

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3 j?Rt?R ^ ^TRi Rrnt^RR % Hi^ai Hff ^l" "n^, =1^ !Hial<4 fq^MHScril ^Ft ft ■yfci'tiH ^ gcRTf % PR^R ^T RftRR f^fl "RTTI

RRT ^ gJR RZRTt ^ RciT % fcR f=Rftt?r 292 W ff f^Rf^R ^RRT TRTI ■RR^hT

^ fm f^ftcT 93 ^T PRf^R WTT RRI f^R ^ 205 RIR RR fer,

gfeR RfT Rt Rt^TR ^ RR RTR fR^ cRT RRR 3RR RR^tlTfR ^Tf ^ RTR T? Rqi

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Z IRR fRRR m, RR RlWT RRT % RtlRR RT MR ^ RR feRTI 3^ R? RTR R^t fR

T^RRRR RR RtRRR RRT^ ^ fcR RR^ ^RfRRR RRT ^ RTTRRT M RTt%RI R^tR RR^TR RRT

f^ZR RRR ^ W RRR gftRR R^R i ^T RRt RH^IRI-^PTT, ^iRR R^ RRTR^fRRRR RT

Tjq! ^ RTR^, RfRRTR RRT RR RTRRlfRRiRT RR TR Rf WRT RTT RRR, R* ?R^ R^tRRR^fR

r^cT fRltcT Rt, RTR-RTR R%-R% f^ ^RTRf—RRTRRRRT 3Tk tf* R^S RRTR—3^5R^

oqf^RrR ^T fRM rRRt ^T RRTRT RR^T ^T RRRRtR fRTRTI t^TIRT aTfRTRTRITR •RFRTR ^R^RIRt

^fRTR ^TRTRt % Rt fRTRTI RfRRR RRT ^ #R ^ Rit^R % RRTS R^ WRRT

gqtfR % RRS^R t fRRffRR 33R?R gq 2Tl ?R fR?JR RR?Rt % ^ ST^RRR, 3T^, ^

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f^TfRTTi RtWT RRT RRT RRT RRT RR^ 1RRR % RRRTT RTRTRTTft R^ Rtl %To RR° "3^ % W RRR

RtRT t RT?T t, "RTTRR ft ^TRRR RR ^RT RRT ft t^t RtRRR RRT ^ RTH WR R ftl" -

;qf^fellR ^nRT RTT cbl4ch<ui (Working of the Constituent Assembly)

RfRRIR RRT ^t RRR ^RRT 9 fRRRT 1946 ^T11 R^tRR^Rf tRR#^RcfRTRRRR RRR^^RtR RTR ^ ^1 RR% R^ RTT^ 3T^ SITRI^ RTRRRt ^ RfRRH RRT % RRRTRt 3RTRRT RR % tRTR RRt

RRTftR RRRT Rfo Rf%RRTRR fRRT RR RTR MWl^d fRTRTI Rf° 1W ^T R^RRfW t RfRRR RRT RR S^STIRtST^RRlRlRrRTTrRTI RtRRTR RRT ^ R4TRt RRRR ^T RR ^ Rf<> TT^TR RRTR RTt 11 fRRRR 1946

^RRfcT RT ^RT RRTI ?R^ 11 3TfR%RTR 3^: 166 fRR tn^T ^1

?RRR RTFt 1R1R RR" % RRTT^ % fcTR 15 RfRfcTRT fR^RR =Ft Rf I ?R 15 ■Hf'-lfdRl ^ 8 RfqfM ^jT^f sftl ?R fdiRH RtRfRRt % tRfRRR RR RTRRt RTRT gf, vffRTR RTRR rMr (drafting

committee) % RfRRTR ^t 3itRR ^RRR fRRTI ?R RftfR % 3RRR Rf= 3i%RR^ Sfl ITZ° RtRTRTWTt

srnm, xrrTo gqrt, R^Rto I^TO IRRRRTft" Rt»

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rtrtt 4-ifi-iffi ^ R^rRgpf =m4 fRTRT, ^RfcTR 3^% RTRTtR RfRRTR RR RRRT (father of the Indian

constitution) Ri?T RRT tl . ■

21 RRRTt 1948 % fRR RfRRTR RR RIRR ^RR g3TTI W RTRR R? RfRRTR RRT ^ Hgeil RR 4 RRRT

1948 % fRRR-fRRRf RRRT RJRT fRTRT ^RT 9 RRR^ RRT RRRTT T^T RTk ^R RRTR RRR RTRR RRTRT 13TTI

Rt^TR RRT cF fefrR RTRR RT?R ^t RRI3TT Rt ^cTRR fRRR-fRR^ 13TTI R? RTF? 15 RRRT 1948 t

17 STRgeR 1949 cTRT RRTRT Wl RTRR % (JRtR RTRR ^ feTR RlRRFT RRT ^t ^BRT gR: 14 RRRt 1949

Rif sIlT 26 RRsR ^T TjftR RTRR RRTRT ft RRTI RfRRTR RRT ^T 3TWrar 3f<» <1^ RRTR ^ 26 RRRT

1949 RT 3R RfRRTR-RTRR Rt ?RTRR fRTRT 3^ ?R RRTR RfRRTR ^FT MlRd fRRTT RRTI R?T R?

3^^HfR f fRi 3 RjR 1947 3TgRR^-fRRl^% RTR ^R^RfRf^ RfRRTR

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itf^EfR ^mr gft tRtTT (The Authority of the Constituent Assembly)

^ ql^ W ^ RrTT w w q^t t ^If tz^r q) 3flTT^ q^

qq^ ^ I q^ W ^ W RT44f^ qq^ RcTTl^ % 3^ ^

ql^ w ^ qqrqr % qqRT qrfqfq^ qqi^ qq qqpq 77^ | ^ ^ ^

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33

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^ 3^ % 31^ ^r ^nti

8. m^Ttm 3^ ^MigM ^nri

W^TR RRT ^ chfdHI^? (Difficulties before the Constituent Assembly)

■^jcj^HH" ^T "HKril^ tiRuMM ^T 1HHIuI ch<') t^fRT ^fcHI^'Ml ^T WRT c^<^1 L1'?1

1. sHH^I fiyiMHl cTOT si^Jrrr (Vastness and diversity of population)—^TRcT ^T WFjWX

r^^lMdl cT^T f^FT gnf?Rlr, «Rf, ^t^lT W # 3^^^^ W % ^RBJ ^t

RTFTT ^tl ^TfWT W FT dHH eTl'Il "b^ ^ ^tlPlPl^ ^Pe ^ i^riT WlfbTT ^TRT

RFT#! ■•

2. UlU^lPlctirll (Communalism) — ■yiH^iPicH ^Pe % "MKd ^lel TF ^IT'^TTlcTt^ ■hPi^H ^TTT %

RRJ ^ 'str ti^i ftc^ci ■HH'Wl ^fl I PtP-^i TTRTT -T FMt 3^; TFTTH ^<1 (divide and rule) ^ Pi Pi

! 3FRRR "qRcT t^FT ^TFTt ^ pRTf^TcT ^R PRT mi F^ %3Tf 3Tk ^criHlPl ^ (fraternity)

^BT ^WTr TRFcT ^ sjtl fTT^ HlPti«1n ^T PlH?11! ^T ^1 R 3^?: ^■(HPI ^Hl^l FT H^imPi^ d^T

^feRTFff TtlWT TRT ^ TTRp" dnR^d # ^ €l

3. ^?ft TTfif TRVU (Problem of the native states)—TTf^TR TTR %> <hihP P^il TT^t ^t

TIR?!! 'Pi ^FT Plc+xi sill FT ^ PB ^ PPl^H PlMldl^Tl % leR •yd-y ^FTFTT ^1 Til F^ ^tf

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(paramountcy) gBT stcT F W ^ 3pT p# TTRl Ft PMr FT 3Tf^R P fpFT TFTT STT tPr p WcR

Tp F.tFFl TT^ ^MPl^VI ("TfRcT FT MlPhWH) P TlfHfdrl pi FR1 F^T TRW Pi pF Fl W ^ FtFF F^, FF % RRf P FWT 565 TFR ^ I-qtp P pFl TFR ^1% ^T Propq-

FT Fp Ft Pf f^pTR Fpr F tz FTcTT 3TlT 'FTcPF -Wri^dl FT Ftf 3Tsf fl ^ FtrfTl

4. "ret rW FFTfPt UlCRfrF Ft TRW (Problem of mutual relationship between

union and units)—TftFTFT TW Pi TTFfP RF 3W Pi tie TRW TR cW PiPh-H FFFTl % FTTFTF

i- T^ FT fFWT FRT Fl

i t i, K.

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34

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IWT ^ ^'T,PJ fira^, 51,11 3',|1:t' *

^ w; ^ ^ ^

(cri,icisn,5)

^f_^S^^iS^uerepresen.ativebody)-3^t ^ ^ 4

^!1 ^ (NOia ^ ^ ^ f51^ ^ ,raTSraR % ^ "R =« i.

OTT if ^ft Wf ■ (Important role of the lawyers)—J s

2- ^ t m-f I ^ ^ TlL J^^"'5'1

tr!r" ^T ^ ^et Congress)—^ ^ ^T ^mr t ^ x

3. grt^rer HHTVn?t (Dictatorshipof^ ^ % ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 5^ 3^: % r^{ tl ^tWT % ^13^7,

fqufq- ^ f^n" cb<^ % ^ ^ W'Tf ^

^T ^ft^TR" UTT ffft fi

■q0 rTSTT tt° 3^^ ^tWT-Muft

q^-pjTjf WT m^cf STTI ^ sul

^fo ^T

IrfqgcT arffeR ^ W t,

qtl" ^R, RTeTtR^f ^T ^ cT^ W

t. ^ ^

^1 ^o ^to

"^qR ^ IT^ Rt" ^TT 3?gr^qff l^t3^

RrSRfe ^Tf ^T ^ET ^I5'

m firafnr ^IR ^TR ^ ^ _

|i cT^r^ WW ^

wr#^RT R?

^IWt ^ R^R ^1 ^ ^r

^TT |3TT sm STR^RRlRt % R^RT ^t^FT ^ Rfwfrirt # ^lldl t—5^^

^ ^ ^ qRxT ^ ^RRt ^ ^

RfT ?t ^RFjcT)" t? V

4. ^tfgqR RR 3T5?rf^cT ^ Tf%cT (Deprived of popular sanctions)—3:n^Er^r^p[3|

^T t ^TlWT W ^r RRfSRT 3g?T%T 5IRT ^ cf^T RRT % ^ ^ ^ gji

■ IrNr R# gSTT rill f^STR ^T RRRcT-RJT? (referendum) 'SFJ Rt ^

R, rT^ n( f( % atcfrfrT ^ ~ " Wk

fTRI

|3Tr R| fRTR RT ^RRT-riTR (referendum) Sm Rt ^

^TfR t, ^TllR ^tWT ^TR % atcFfrT RRt ^Rf, f?cTf RR ^ ^

VTRTTNT ^tfeTR ^ M-WMHl

(Preamble of the Indian Constitution) ^

, ■ 1 ^tt^-TH Rt arq^t RRTRR t. 3tn^

TT^vm^ r^"^ ^RT ^T R c# arfirogf^f t' 5^^ ^r w^lrwfi m^ranr-^^ ^^rar#■

tSt rrrrritRTtf rft apr^-airpr ^

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IIRTIFT RKmr-T RT l-UlH UM

qFTT Mtjrcl (Significance of (he Preamble)

-q^r? aR?t m ^ tcTRIT "fRTT ^ TOliq-Tr HTPR Z]v\

■^q^r 3T^5T ^ 3^r ^5Tt \)l" ^ RT ^ fiq TiRPTFT "ft qqriRqu '<iT\

^ Wt I ^Tt fTRTt WtRRT RTr^t \) ^ 3tl^TPqY?ITT ^ #>1) I SnTTFTRT

ft % rRRT Mi Id 4. 3^f 3tk ^FT #cTt 11 MWIcHI-^ft if rft 3Tr?iTT ^

Tgtw afR ^ ^RkTI 11 3T^ft d^d ^mrn ^ ^ ■>3?^ ^etft if MFIIMMI ^

wl, "Rff^TR Rff^TH MrTO^f % HPW-b ^ft ^ \) RF % RRf tTRT

fqR i^rf 13^: ^Ttt^tfe Tzmmti ^ itKT ftR ^r TOT ^TTRT §I" ^ "MITcTFT MWMMl ^T qTR t^ I ^ RTWT TT^F-IR RT RVR

fl qiRTRRT ^ :?r^T ^ ^ TR0 RtRt if fdRT t, "HH1IMMI, RtlRTO ^FT 3FrR$tt), ^f^TR ^F RTTTT ,

aq^R. eT8R, <1^41 Ri^ R^f ^dllR Rr B^RRW TO^t ll" MKIRMJ ^F RTf^ %—

1. WTR^T "if ^RRi (Reflection of conslitutional sources in the

Preamble)—3RR^ 3fR % ^tlWTt ^Ft cR^ "iTRcfRt ^RI^r qrr fRlW iff ^ft TOTT R ft

fqRT %| 5RrfRRT if ilRT %, "RT RRrT % ^RT.. .RfTOT Rt atft^cT. aWWRT 3TR aTTrRT^TO^ |l''-?q%^q^|f^qKTT^3RR^|t^RRf^^R^tRRRTTOifttl 3T?T:, ^ at^TT R RtR ft

^RT f Rf RRTRRT RT "RRR % RRRT ^t R1 WR RR t f^F ?R

qf^TR ^T aTRTR TOR a^T IRffR RtTOR afR RgRRT RR TOR % TOT IR tl"

2. M^dictMi if 'RTjpk^cRTOR, dt^d^lrMcti muki^i' ^Ft a^jJlRRT (Declaration of Sovereign

Democratic Republic in the Preamble)—RRRRT RfRRR ^t RRRRRT if R^RtRRT Rt Rf % fR RRR ^t

3RcR ^ ?R RtRRR RRT TO RtTOTORR

MUKivyLj' WRT Rt |l 'R^ptsrgcRRTO"' RR R? TOFf I

R5 RRTT RRT I^Rt RRRflrR RTW I aiM< RRR ^t RtRT

if ^tf ^?Rt RRR Rft ll 'RRRRTcTO' RR RRtR

qMRTORRi RtRRTR % RR^ if fRRT RRT I, aTRfR O.dl

RRR^ RReR It sfk RRcR "SIR ^RRT ^t RqR| ^ f^Rr

■MRIIdd |RR Itl afcRtR RRltR^f ^t RfRfR^T :5R^ RR

ari^R RRT RRT 11 RTlf TO TORRRT If 'RJRRR

(Republic) RT^ ^ RRTR ^R R^T RTTOR ^

TOTO (monarchy) RR fTOtTOfRi %1 'WTRR' RR ^ ^ * | ^ ^TRRT-R^fR fTOii RRR' (collegial organisation) RRT RTRRT RTRTfeRT ItcR 11 RRTRT, TOR RT

RTMT MlMRcft ^ qjiqcil TOT RR—RTRt t^-R# TOt RR MgR*) RR arfTOR 1^, 3TRt?T RRcT RR ^t| Rt

MTrRr; 3TTTOTO RRTOTT |t^ RR RTRrT % RT^RfR RR RR TOtRRR It RTRRTT ll

3 ^ % anR^lf RR RT^Rt RR RfRWR (Introduction of constitutional ideals and

objectives in the Preamble)—WtR RTtRRH ^t RRRTRRT If RI^fRRT TOTrRT RT# ^t arTRiRJiart TO

RITOarf^t^TTOfTOTRtll 1931 lfR^R^^7TiRTlRTRR^If'RTR^%tRRTOTRITRlR

TO RTRTTOTT3Tf % RTRT RRRT ^ ^ R^ RT. "TO ^RifRRFT% tRHR RTOR Rv^RT^t RTRR ^t RTR

TO % RTTOR RlR 3TOR % -gRR RR %l" RTRcftR RtfTOH ^t RRRRRRT If RcfTRT RRT I fR5 RTfRRH RR

B|RR TOR, RTRRT, RRcTTO, RT^ ^t RRRTT, RRJcR TOTTlR RRTRRT RTO |l

4. M^di^tMi if en$fRRR9RT rTOtt (Declaration of Secularism in the Preamble)—RTiRRFT ^t

RRRTRRT RTRrT TTO RURRTO" RTTO It TOT if BRtRRrT RvFfT 11 aWfrT, RTRTftR RtfRRFT if RTRt RIRfTOt

Rl, fRRRTRT TO TOTRRT ^t RRTOcfT It R| I 3lR R^T RRT I fRi RTTO ^t 3TtR ^ Rl RR ^tf RTTOt

Rff cRRTI RTTRRtl

RTRRtR RtfTOR ^t y WIRMI TO RfRR

anTOTf TO TORt ^t TORtRW I f^Fl

■MKdllt I" aFFT RTTRif'. RTO I aflR

% TO RIRFltro ^t% % RIRT fRflr

B'lll TOT^TRTR RTO I, RRT RRRT

RT# ll" ""TOict ^t TO ^fRR ^t

fR^RRT 3TR| |RT % RffRRTR ^t

RRRTRRT % R^l If tR^RI

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-r4fT7irr '^> I? ^IFT i

36 _ w^TPi (Co-ordination of Gandhism and Ma^

TS.r^^rJ^-r.».—- -

nf tue preamble) ^^^(Sour^

(Brilish North AmZc™cil ^ ^ ^ ^-(tw ^ T^IL. A t|T5r w'ICT ^ 51 it 3ft

S 3fttfW ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ M

WT Bl ^ ... fWf^w^i,^

Wtl 1931

f?TTT fchW TTSRIT Tn ->1^ ^aaiOT^'1^ - .^^fe^aqCTfgrlSiaga'sraT . ■■ -■ .... ■-mujtf,

^ ^ m ,35 ^ ^ tor ^ 35, fflft,, " ■ v if Tien" STT R> el^i "• -"' ^(S ^ ^ ^T^mTarr ^ ^ ^ Tjrzfm 5 am 3TT^Tf ^T W^I ^

__ i-^Wrr rrr^nTT' /'nhifiCtlVe rCSOlUtlOnj ^ ^ ^

<*ini ^ TTTTT t^TT "H^lf ^1 ^VH-T, ■ " V .. v. ^Jy, fzti^rn$*^RT^j ^ ^ tol mi 5^ WPT ^ %5^Tf mr ^qfeft

?I?PI d?^q ^ " " P- r n .-r 5y

,_ ^^wstpri^TII . ^ n

-PTPT ^ 3FT ^HT t, ^T T^ ^ ^"1

p^qFR •Tft ^t" P^l

4 wj afp ptpt wqr ^ ^rf^R ^nTPff ^Ttorf a^r wr ^cT t^prr ti

5. wnf^, 3#^3#t:P5RtfrT^^^, ^^^:HIT3J¥RrTnT, SdfMsfR

-STPPR ^ PHHrll rRT 3^T PT^Jff^ Afcl^idl ^ -HlHiaTf # <?ci ftr "Hiqui, arf^aifltT,

fPT^RT, 'Pf, gpRTPT, oq^ppr, 3^T PTpf ^l" HlRl^n ^cT^rTT 4IKe) ^

^nprl"!

6. aWTSP^f, tW?T, ^PRlfcFft T33 ^ ^:ajr $ ^pntl

7. 'I'JI-'J^ ^r ap^rTT m ^cT, ^ 3T^ 371^m ^ arR^TRf ^ ¥«T

PPJP alp % arjPR ^ ^nxpnti

8. fq^qvilfn P5!IT PHW P^PFT % (dd)ip ^T p^5[^cf^ TJO" 4l'KM ^TTI

' ^—' " 42*$ ^frf^nfe ■^t^R.arfqf^rqr ark y4dic<Hi

(The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act and the

Preamble)

42d PTfg>Trf^ ^

30^, riiTOtfi™ S

«■ ^

^ » I I- - —

42^ ^iRtMifd^; -itifcn

WTRRT ^J5^

"mqi? ^rctt wf ^

^IRtuifn^ pb?it«PT ^ $

c^r ^ f^tr rR

^■WNHI P oTT^ TpT ptr H^-||q-1| *i 'iv; - . f^j-

wtr w? ^ET m ■rt,l^^if $

RRip alk 3PRT 3^: 37TT\-3TII

-rr^M.r. A fe^rrr.f^rrnjf PP

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TtfjroR TH 37

-s a ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 3rete!n

if S 3te 'ra ^1 W aw. ■aaOTterar'. arniwrz'. T^jassm S^IK ^ ft gt ^ fl™ ^ayp, ^ 3fR aiciPfiw 3%^ ^ fws^r W fwi aar ti ^

Sifff 3^ w ^ ^ ^ =H WRT gJHi w t, Wiraar a 3^ ^ CT aar ti ^ ^'WR^s'^ 31 ^ ^ # ^ ^ 3,ra,

1l-'T ^

^ A srr ws ^ 3 ww wi^r % ciwf ^r Fcrai ctiw t, fw

'il.^^!H Wt, Wf^^^ w^ ^%,ra!ra

^ ^ ^ 3%^ ^ w * i =31^ ^ 44^ a w wiraai n cmi

m jmtt % ^

^[cj^T otii-iaMI (Explanation of the Preamble)

| ^ cT^q- t—

1. ^rfgento ^trt (Constitutional sources)—"MKoi ^tf^TH ^ H-Kuq-i' 'SRT^l^flf^

^cps' f^fT ^rRT %l ■SRcTR^TT % ^nt^T ^T 'fl" R^l '1^' ^ ^ ^Tf^ET ^ ^ .

^ry li ^ ^q^: I fqj "^TST^rtT ^tT ^f ftt^T I 3^ ^TOT-qRcT ^ ^ 3^JOTgfW 9^^T

TtmR EmW f^rr |i ^T, an^rn^T ^ ^r I ^twr w ^ w % ^ HRIRI^ ^I

^ qRR^tn ^r ^R#q: ^f^iR ^ IKT ftf% ^ ^ ^

%J0 ifto ^FTT % ar^RT, "^T iTRrt % ^Pt, ^T WRRR iT'clRtH, W ^ ^ OC^IRTM Hl<(i4KiHl "^f t^TR ^n" %

^if^ipy ^pTT % ^RRTf ^T Jan qr, ^t ■y^fxR d<l^l SIT, ^rfcTR Ra 3T^gtT ^n" "^SH f% i^T

^T 3TRR ^iddl %", Rlel^ci -dil 3^; "Hld-yMfT %l

2. 'MKtTl'M vil^^-oUci^gT (Indian political structure)—^1 M-wid-n "P "MKci HdH

sjii^q-oiid^n- ^r P^uiy^rd'Hu-t, yRRKuaj, "rmr^RRt, "TtrrrrHr ^rqifR ^i^l ^r el^< f^RT

mnli W^T^^tpttw'^TS, ■^rfrnmr^^cT^Trmrr"Sr Ert^fmrry ahr ■Huian^i^i R^^rft ^ri

^ Rfd^lld % 42^ m?h^--aif?lfmR "SKT ^TfT "rRT %l WTTmn "^T ^T ml PT MM "Rpt ^T

ma ^RttT I—

(^) ^W^cWIR (Sovereign)

(T^) mrfmm- (Secular)

Cn) mnatm^T (Socialist)

(si) iq-'cidlrHM) (Democratic)

(^) ' iIJlri^ (Republic)

arafcT, M^dldHI rf vfRTTPT ^IliH-l-oMdi-SfT ^1 <Hdr<tmKul % felM,, 'M^-MidK'JI mi rRTT ^TRRRROT ^RT

mnfeRT rht mrr |i

3. "mfPrnfmR cT^T (Constitutional objectives)—^iKdld ml M'trllddl % RWT ^ xiR

^ wm mi :Pm(R fmm mm |—(^) x^n an^-wrrfrnm, aTrPrm ajp ^iMinirdm 11

RFT H fm# PfmiR mi mpr I, mrfmm HMiddi "^r IPTTTT aft?: Mdddi ^r "Rt ^rmc TRT "mrr

ti diHiRidi, anRfm afp mrRlfdm Mid ml mfmr % lenj, "mrdlm mfmrR "P aRrm mrmm fmtr xpr

(^) ^rrt an^t <<tridrii mi R-t<5.1 d HHI mm 11 CHR mfrnmrn Idnidi mrnrmcrim Mriddi % flmddl ^1

mR aqimm mt tdfrnm Mdddiaff ml mfrnmr m fern mm Id mmtmrni ml wr ^ fmm Pvm

RimnlmmTml o^mim ml mi li (m) mlmm an^ dMUdi I mi Mciddi ml Tjrm 11 (m) ^jt an^r

mrjim ml mrmm li mtmiR RiHidimT ^r tmjcm ml mrmm mi mralS mtfrr % HHdid ^ilmmRf %

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38 _^rrTT 73X5 CWT WZtt 1[^Tr ^ ^ ^

(Adoption date of the Constitution)—^^ rAdoption date of the Constitution)—^^ _

S ^2^6 ^50^ 26 ^'950^

j^ypr £ 3plm wtrnvw

fiitqbt/ (Conclusion)

^ f* ^ 3^3T'^T ^^ wl; PmfnT % ^ ,

|f|m ^W3 # ^ t ^ 3tf$jfWT t^ ^ | f^rr TR ^

%^OT)?cTf^irw8iri 1935 it 'ITOT^R^R

rr^T ^ 3J7T Qj|j 9)1 AJLlfjrr) ■ajl Jlfj ui OIU D Cj Jllr^ ^l ilfili ji i .jii n Ti -=mTT- -^rTli..^ i-\ ^ '-ni q|

wt^ artt^r, an^Rlf, ^NR)" CW ^jTJf a^r 3^ ,,

qW % ^ ^ a^) aMsj^r)" ar^Rd RRT ti ^RR; RRj^H ^mr % aro^

3^ % 3?^ # ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ti

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ysHMeft

I g-fej/wg J/yT (Objective Questions)

I. Wt 3tR A^rll^R (^TOT ^T, T^, "H" ^ ^

(^) 1909 ^ Hief-fH^t (^) 1919

C7!) 1935 % ^T (^1) f^t ^F

2. "HK^R" -wRl^H RmH f^FT ^ ^ ^

(yt)tirafm ^mr sHWran =t (^) ^ Hlai4c'1

■W^tRW% W5f. 3^^

3. ^rRrtrpr ^F wt 'k&z if

W 9 fZWJl 1946 ^T («) 16 ^ 1946 ^

09) 15 ■3TTP9T 1946 93 TO 26 9R9ff 1950 W

4. ^TTWT W 37^pqt 3??^ ^ t^TT W

(^) tf° fW^i (^) ^

(TT) H^lrHI TtMF ^T (^F) ^F "-iff

5. % W5^ 31^r % ^r 11 t^RF: 1946 ^F ^T^FRlTT % "gRT FRF

(^) ^fo qj^: frr ^F C^) ^ •yR-«F7R ^ ..

(tj) ^fo srt^qR (^F) ^RF ^F

6. FlWT FFF ^F RT^R ^FHRI % 3TER2J ^r

/ (RF) Trq-o jjmid^IRl 3WK (^) ^0 ^ (tj) 3T^TT^1 ^TWTRt 3RRF (R)'^F° 3#^

7. RrycRl 'V[RF1FR ■yft^FPF RtF ^Hch' ^cl -RFrfT %?

(^) ^cjl^ld ^F • (^) WrRF RRt ^F

(TT) ^ 3T^ ^F fW ^F

8. FfRWR FRF % ^FtRF R^TT^RT #

/ (RF) Rj^llddl rFRT SFFRRF ^F (^) ^F

(F) RFfF TT^RF ^F -HH-t-m ^F (^F) ^R^F

9. "TT^WT R ^ifRRR ^TRF Rf^^a ^R ^ "Q^^tR RR^TF RFI" RR fRRFR RF^T RF?

(RF) RRtRRF 3TFfeR R (^) RF° RR R

(R) R%r RRTR R (R) ^

[0.

^ 1^ ^1° ■» N '

"R? RRF nfdHM R^R t, FRF 3TRR 3T#R % 3RRRR ^F 3RRRR 3TR^F feFR RR RftRR RF TRRT RFRTT

R? 3TRR fRRffRrF RfRFR^FRF ^ RTWT R RTF RFF RFF^RF RRR^ |l" RR tRFR^ RF?T RF?

(^) ^o TTTfo Tj^fF R (^R) HlSd RRT^FRTFRF -FQ^ ^F

(R) ^fo RFRR RRTR R (R) R^cRF RFRF ^

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M; ijiT'T ^rarrr 40

,, '^IRK ^ oRPltT 7TT ^ ^ 'IHT ^ f^r '.I^R W H W ^ ^ ^|)(

,U w *■*"*»« ' %***^ m ******* ' m '**• iw =» ■ '

12, MRTltf JifW TI iraStl ™ r,M7fl ^ ';?

(Tfi) ^ f7J) ^ "t

(R) ttivrnm _ (VT) 3TT7^^ ^

n iTRtftR Tif^TR 'TRR ^RT-f^vTR^ TTvT fRtr tjtt (7h) 31Pmfe ^ Rl^TFT R (W t^RR R RfRVRR R

(R) R^RT TRR 3T^R^I RRRTH ^ (R) R R^f

14. fSRR RlRRR ^ RRTlRR ?RR RtRRTR RlHIdRff ^ R^R ^qqrajj 3RRf]^7

(Ri) -BTR^fcRTT % RfRRTR R 03) RRTRT % RjRtRR %

(R) RMR RfRRTR % (R) R^fRcf R5R 3THRcpf % ^

15. RRtftR RfRRH WJ fRRT RRT

0*) 15 3TW 1947 (^) 26 RTRRft 1950

(R) 26 RRRfl 1930 (R)

16. fRRT RlfRRlfRRJ R77hRT-3TfRfRRR 'SRr RfRRR ^ R^fTRRr.Tf RRTtRR %t 7

(RO 39^ RlfW^RP RRimR-RfRlRRR ^TR (13) 42R RtfRRltRRi RRTRR-STtRfRRq ^?

(R) 50^ RtfRRTfR^ RRtRR-3pRfRRR UR (R) 53R RRlRR-SflRfRRR m

17. RKdlif RfRRR ^ PIHI^I % RRR fHHfdndrl ^ RlR R^RR Rft f 7

(^) RfRRR RRT R RRRfR RRRR ^ ^RT^t RfT I ^RRR fRRfRR RRt RTRtRR ^RT

RfRRTR qft ^R^cR % RRR ^ 3RR R^RlR RTl

(R) RfRRFT ^ ^ RtfRRRT Rf t, RrHr; aflWR RTR RRft ^RTT ^ f^R[ rrt ||

(R) 3R^R RRt

II. iTRR TRRf

1. "iRRTtR RfRRTR ^ ^ Tp^j •

(^) 26 wmt 1948 (^) 26 oTRRt 1950

2. RTRTlR RfRRH jpr TRRTRRT RR RR WR RRIR tl

(^) 3T^:^ PRRRRT ^ RtRRT' (TR) RlfRRrT RR RFRRTRt RR 3. RfRRJR RRf % 3RR>,T R|

(^P) Rf- 3^^Hck7 . ^ (T3) RT" R^m RRTR R; fRR RTR^R RIrrpc RR RJ^R g3R|

, ^ ^ 1948 m 26 snraft 1950

OFi ^ ^ jrt tej -nm „ '. 'Wr"H (13) 443 OiRyiPl* irafFI

'■• n- ' ^™ ,Wli,: ^,

('P) iU •RR^RT?

7 '^ttt-t ttt-R' • •" ('S') ST" RfPRRTRR fPFgT (TE) , ^Pf RRt PT RIR^R RfTlR RfR^t R RRTTR fl,FJ7ITI

t'P) 5 dTRRT 1942 (13) 15 -RRRrr 1946

"1. RfR/RHR RR rrr ^

I. 14 RTRRT 1947 RT ^TltRR RRR % RIrrir R-RT ^ ^ 1^1

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m- trcr .3^T

2. 18 ^rrf 1947 ^r "RKcT -Wd^dl aW^PT MlRcl f^PTT Wl

3. "HKdld ^ "gKT WFRTtT Mffh^l' ^INinl TTf^TR % fcPTT 4ldl qI

4. 26 1950 ^Kdld OUIdd W TTf^TR RPX TfR|

5. sf° FIWT TTR % srwqt a^raj «n

6. ^HKdld Fl^IR SFt y-WNdl RPT ^ tl

7. 44^ 7Rlt«R 37RltWT ^KT H4dWHI ^ MRdrld t^RT RRI

rv. chtH^ 'ST' % chfHM ?RT pft Pmhh

*31'

1. ^Kcl ^r fR ^FRt W R|HIuI

2. RPTR TlfWR" RhdMdH

3. % 31^!^ are^

4. ^(d^JIH PRT

5. Ttf^TR PRT % RFq" -Hf^fd % 3FR^r

6; WRRRdT % WT

7. TTfd^TR M-WldHI ^ 7RTFR

8. 'HKdld Ttf^fR TIfR ^RW

9. 31^R^1 ^t^TR

10. MlRhWH ^T RR

'^r'

(^) 26 ^Hd<l 1950

(R) ^T° TTf^RR^ RH-^I

(R) 31 f^R7 1600

(R) ^fo 3t^F

(®) Sfo RRTd

(R) RRgT RT RfdRR

(^) RTJT viRld RtRRT

(R) 14 3PRcr 1947

(^1) RRRTRIR dW

(R) 42dt RRtRR 3TlRfWT

41

(Rt/RRcT)

(R^r/RRrr)

(Rft/RRR)

(^/RRR)

(Rft/RRcT)

(Rt/RRR)

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• wyw) 3tTT •

I. 1. C7!) 2. C7!) 3. (^>) 4. (^) 5. (^) 6. (^T) 7. (^T) 8. (^) 9. (^) 10. (^) 11. (^)

12. 0*0 13. (^) 14. (^) 15. (^) 16. (^) 17. 0^)

H. 1. (^) 2. (^) 3. (^) 4. (^>) 5. (^) 6. (cF) 7. (30

HI. 1. 2. 3. 4. ^Tft 5. ^Tft 6. 4icria 7. Jldd

IV. 1. (J\) 2. (35) 3. (^T) 4. (^) 5. (3) 6. (fT) 7. (3) 8. (3) 9. 03) 10. (3)

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