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An Introduction to Shot Types and Camera MovementCreative Media Production
Close Ups (Extreme to Medium)
Close ups connote that the audience is next to the character.
It suggest intimacy and emotional closeness.
Close ups are normally used in dramatic scenes.
Close UpsThere are three main types of close
up. Medium Close Up (MCU)
Close Up (CU)Extreme Close Up (ECU)
Mid Shot A mid shot is an
approximation to how you would normally see someone while talking to them. You are not too close, or too far.
You can see the character in some detail, it is useful for when a character is giving information, but not for expressing an emotion.
Medium Shot Medium Long Shot
Long Shot (Extra to Wide) Characters are now
further back from the camera. This connotes that environment they are in is as important as the characters themselves.
Just like close ups, there are extreme versions of long shots i.e. The extreme long shot.
This can also be called a wide shot.
Extra Long Shot
Two ShotA two shot simply
has two characters that are present on screen. The characters could be facing each other or be side by side. The camera cannot be too far away otherwise it will become a long shot.
Over the shoulder ShotThis is self explanatory. The camera
takes place over the shoulder of a character, usually talking to another character. This allows you to see things from the subjects point of view without going into a POV shot. This could also be called a third person perspective.
High Angle/ Low Angle
A high angle shot makes the audience feel as if they are towering above a character.
This can connote the character is vulnerable, isolated or powerless.
A low angle shot makes the audience look up at someone.
This can connote a sense of
intimidation or symbolise the power of a character.
Eye Level
The camera is positioned as though it is a human actually observing a scene
Actors' heads are on a level with the focus
POV ShotPOV stands for point of view shot.
This is where the audience sees events from the characters’ perspective. This could also be called the first person perspective.
Establishing ShotThis is a shot of an
exterior location, that precedes a scene that takes place inside of the it. It usually does not last any longer than a few seconds.
Establishing shots are well used conventions in soap operas and TV dramas.
Master Shot A master shot is generally
a long shot that covers all of the actors in a scene at once.
Master shots are useful for group scenes. They include everyone.
All of the action is seen through this one camera, the editor can always fall back on the master shot if there is no other angle to take.
Aerial ShotAerial shots are taken using
cranes, helicopters or planes. They provide a good long shot of the surroundings of the area.
TestClose Up
Mid Shot
Long Shot
Establishing Shot
`High Angle
Low Angle
Master Shot
Extreme Close Up
Two Shot
Aerial Shot
Long Shot
Two Shot
Extreme Long Shot
Long Shot
Medium Close Up
Close Up
Mid Shot
Close Up
Over the Shoulder Shot
High Angle Shot
Aerial Shot (Crane Shot)
Two Shot
Long Shot
Close Up
Extreme Close up
Point of View Shot
Camera MovementJust as important as the camera shots, is the
way that the camera moves in a media text.
By moving the camera draws the audiences’ attention to whatever the producers want the audience to look at.
Camera movement can draw attention to, reveal and lead the audience. So understanding what each movement is called is vital to conducting a good textual analysis.
TiltingA camera tilt moves
the camera from vertically up or down.
It could create a high or low angle shot.
Tilt shots can heighten an audiences’ suspense as they are not sure what the shot will reveal.
Panning A camera pan is a
horizontal movement left or right.
It can follow a character walking in a particular direction, or move away from a character standing still.
It can reveal parts of the scenery not seen previously.
Zoom/ Reverse ZoomA zoom is when the camera stays fixed in
position but zooms in on a object, location or character.
Zooming from a mid shot to a close up could mean that the scene is changing to a more emotional tone or to reveal a character’s reaction.
A reverse zoom (zoom out) moves the shot from a close up to a mid or long shot. Showing that the surroundings are becoming more a focus in the story.
Tracking Shot Tracking is when a camera shot is placed
on a track and is moved to keep up with the movement of a character.
The camera is mounted on a “Dolly”, a cart on a track, which is then pushed or pulled.
A camera can track a subject moving towards, away from, moving left or moving right.
Tracking shots can curve and change direction, the camera is just always moving in a smooth motion.
Make sure you can understand the difference between a track shot and a pan or a tilt. (If the camera was a person, it would be walking in a direction not just moving it’s head).