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Camera Cell Phones

Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

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Page 1: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Camera Cell Phones

Page 2: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Lecture structure:

Historical review.How do camera phones work.Characteristics of Existing models.Usage statistics and forecasts. LimitationsMain applications.What can be expected in the near future.

Page 3: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Introduction:

Camera phones are considered as the latest “killer application” in the field of mobile phones.

Perceived as a real revolutionary device.

Predicted to be the most popular consumer device in history.

Page 4: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Historical review:

The first camera phone was introduced in year 2000 by sharp.

2002 – more companies began to release camera cell phones to the market.

The worlds first 1MP camera phone was released by KDDI in 2003.

2004 – Camera phones became widely available, Sales soared.

J-SH04

110,000-pixel CMOS image sensor

Casio A5401CA

Features:1,240,000 pixels8 time digital zoom 16MB of memory

Page 5: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Historical review Cont. :

2005 – huge leaps in the camera phones capabilities. (7 MP camera and 16 M color display).

2006 – big improvement is expected, getting closer to the level of professional digital cameras (and digital video cameras).

Page 6: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

How far this field reached:

The highest pixel count offered as for today is Samsung’s 8 MP camera phone.

Lets look at the specs:

SPH-V8200

• 16-million-color (TFT-LCD) monitor

• 4X digital zoom and auto focus

• also automatically prevents hand movements from spoiling picture quality

• VOD / MOD / MP3 , File Viewer, TV-Out

Price: $950

Page 7: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Major Milestones in the development of camera phones:

We can divide the evolution of the camera phones to four major stages:

Page 8: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Stage1: Under 1 MP devices.

This stage includes the first ever camera phones.

Still sold today mainly in Europe.

Page 9: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Stage 2: 1 MP devices

These devices yield a good 3-by-5 inch print.

A good example for these camera phones is the Sony Ericsson's S700i.

Key features 1.3 MP camera (1280 x 960) Video recording, 32 MB memoryColor LCD 260K, 8X Digital zoom

Page 10: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts
Page 11: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Stage 2: Cont.

The Pixel count is not the only thing that influences the quality of the picture (there is also the sharpness of the lens, the kind of the chip etc.).

Different 1 MP devices yield pictures of different quality.

Page 12: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Stage 2: cont.

A comparison between three 1 MP camera-phones:

1. Sony Ericsson S700i

2. Siemens S65

3. Motorola V710

Page 14: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Stage 2 Cont.

The previous example demonstrates a few problems with the camera-phones.

Small and inexpensive lenses can cause unwanted effects.

The sensor can be overloaded thus reports no data.

The purple color effect

Page 15: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Stage 3 : 2 MP devices

These devices use higher quality image sensor that can produce images of up to 1600 by 1200 pixels.

Some of the camera-like capabilities of the 2 MP camera-phones includes:

include auto focus, a digital 10X zoom, digital movie function, and a number of picture taking modes, such as "close-up," "evening," or "portrait “.

Page 16: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Stage 4: Over 2 MP devices

Here the progress is rapid with some manufacturers skipping over some stages and going for the higher pixel count directly (mainly 5 MP devices).

These devices are much more of a competition to the regular digital cameras.

Let’s see an example: SAMSUNG's 5 MP camera-phone:

Page 17: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Screen shots of the device demonstrates its capabilities:

3 compression types5 resolution options

Sensitivity Light Settings

Page 18: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Features:

• Photos can be saved in internal memory (90 MB) or in a memory card

• flash (working at the distance of less than 1.5 meters)

• recording video (with sound or without) , Time for recording is not limited.

• 2 file types are supported - AVI, MPEG 4

Page 19: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts
Page 20: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

How do camera phones work:

The camera records the color image that is projected by the lens as intensities of red, green and blue, which are stored as variable charges on a CCD or CMOS image sensor chip.

The charges, which are actually analog, are converted to digital and stored in flash memory.

Adjusts contrast and detail and compresses the digital data for storage.

Page 21: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

The image sensor chip :

The charge-coupled device(CCD) sensor:

respond to 70% of the incident light

Page 22: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Image sensor Cont. :

CMOS sensor are used much more in camera phones then the CCD for the two following reasons:

the cost of fabricating a CMOS wafer is one-third the cost of fabricating CCD.

Their power consumption is lower.

Page 23: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Image sensor Cont. :

Their disadvantages :They are not very good in low light

conditions.They are susceptible to noise.

Page 24: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Camera – phones

Influences and Applications

Page 25: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

How influential are camera phones

The influence of the camera phones on the people’s private life and business is constantly growing.

These devices are considered as a major milestone in the evolution of mobile technology.

Page 26: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Usages of the Camera-phones:

Moblogging (mobile blogging) – people spontaneously documenting events with their phones and send it to sites.

Shopping- camera phones are poised to start a shopping revolution.

For example, the camera is used to scan bar codes and triggers a download of coupons, (by ‘Scanbuy’ company).

Page 27: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Security applications:

Facial recognition softwares:designed to allow secure payment

transactions. The phones will store pictures of their owner that serve as network password. (expected this year)

Devices for police and military use – includes 2GB of data(200K images) with

names, crime history etc. It can be updated with a network data base.

Page 28: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

More Possible application:

Visual tags:Communicating with Interactive displays

like in museums, information kiosks etc.

Tag-reader running on a camera phone Getting server configuration

details

Page 29: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Active visual tags generated dynamically from a PC display (developed by High Energy Magic company)

SpotCodes : two-dimensional circular barcodes

SpotCode reader runs, performing real-time video image processing to detect SpotCodes.

The data encoded in the tag, together with the tag's position and size is transmitted via Bluetooth to a nearby computer. the computer runs applications, and the phone becomes a universal pointing device, personal display and keyboard

Page 30: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Pro and Cons of using camera phones.

Page 31: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Advantages of using camera phones:

Apart from the obvious advantages due to the fact that they are small and easily carried :

Today they offer high resolution photos with red eye reduction and different zoom options.

They have a convenient UI and relatively inexpensive.

Page 32: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Advantages Cont. :

Most of them can act as a mini camcorders.

They can instantly transfer the images (using Bluetooth, Usb, Email etc.).

Page 33: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Disadvantages:

There are also downsides of the expanding usages of camera-phones:

They are a big threat to people’s privacy since they are being used in bathrooms, gyms etc.

The use of them is hard to control in places that band photography (museums, work place).

Page 34: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Disadvantages Cont. :

Digital shoplifting – at bookstores, pages of books and magazines are being photographed without paying.

- The speedy transmission of telephone photos enables confidential information to be stolen and immediately transmitted to an outside source.

Their quality are still lower than of regular digital cameras.

Page 35: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

The limitations:

Despite the big amount of power that is packed in these devices, the mobile experience is as good as the software that controls them.

The more sophisticated they are, the more likely they are to contain software bugs.

Page 36: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Limitations Cont. :

Two examples for that:DoCoMo sold 40,000 1.3 mega pixel

camera phones on its first day - but then had to halt sales after discovering a software bug.

Days after it began selling the Nokia 7210, T-Mobile halted sales after customers began reporting several problems, including software crashes and radios locking up.

Page 37: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

How widely used are camera phones.

Page 38: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Sales Statistics and predictions:

71 M 37 M

11 M 100 M

Europe:40 %

US:30%

Japan:17%

2/3 of all mobile phone soldWill include camera.

Page 39: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts
Page 40: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

The contribution to the imaging industry

Eight times more camera-phones sold than film and digital cameras combined

Page 41: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

Summary:

It is estimated that the multimedia services (like MMS) will play a major role in expanding the usage of these devices, alongside with the reduction of the phone price.

The quality of the photo will depend on the type of phone you purchase but overall the camera phone is considered as a good purchase.

Page 42: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

References:

www.deviceforge.com/articles/AT5785815397.html http://www.aarp.org/learntech/computers/life_online/a2004-03-16-camera

cellphones.html http://www.accesories-cell-phone.com/the-pro--39s-and-con--39s-of-cam

era-cell-phones.php http://www.livingroom.org.au/cameraphone/ http://searchwarp.com/swa7798.htm http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/tech/200511/kt2005110716412412350.h

tm http://www.slashphone.com/102/3178.html http://www.cameraphonereport.com/handsets_camera_phones/ http://www.pcworld.com/reviews/article/0,aid,108198,00.asp http://www.sonyericsson.com/spg.jsp?

cc=us&lc=en&ver=4000&template=pp1_loader&php=PHP1_2_10140&zone=pp&lm=pp1&pid=10140

Page 43: Camera Cell Phones. Lecture structure: Historical review. How do camera phones work. Characteristics of Existing models. Usage statistics and forecasts

References Cont.

http://www.mobileburn.com/story.jsp?Id=940&source=ARCHIVE http://www.mobiledia.com/news/26701.html http://www.mobile-review.com/review/sonyericsson-s700-camera-

en.shtml http://www.wirelessimaging.info http://www.eurotechnology.com/camera-phone/index.html http://express.howstuffworks.com/autopsy-phone.htm http://www.answers.com/main/ntquery;jsessionid=1q0ie27l95l3p?

method=4&dsid=2222&dekey=Digital+camera&gwp=8&curtab=2222_1&sbid=lc01a&linktext=digital%20camera

http://www.tasi.ac.uk/advice/creating/camera.html http://www.shortcourses.com/how/sensors/sensors.htm#Image

%20Sensors%20and%20Pixels