PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYND1CATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGTI

The Pitt Building,Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United IGngdom

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, Ne,,-'York, NY 10011-421 L USA 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh,VIC 3166,Australia Ruiz de A]atcon 13,28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfi:ont, Cape Town 800'1 . South Africa

http:/;',V\¥Vll.cambridge.org

© Cambridge University Press 1965

This book is in copyrighr. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of l·elevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge Universily Press.

First published 1965 Twenty-second printing 2001

Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge

Library of Congress catalogue card number: 74-25643

ISBN 0 521 206340 Student's Book ISBN 0 521 26350 6 Class Cassette Set

Contents

Preface 7

I-IotV to Hse this book 9

Pure vowels

i: a tree, a bee 14 I ink, a ship IS

Comparing i: and I 16

e a leg, a tent 17 <e a hand, a map 18

Comparing e and:;e I9 A a puff, a cup 20

Comparing re and A 21

a: a heart, a harp 22

Comparing a: and A 23

D a dog, a fog 24

Comparing A and 0 25

Comparing a: and 0 26 0: a thought, a talk 27

Comparing 0 and J: 28

U a wood, a cook 29

Comparing u and u: 29 u: a brute, a goose 30

3: Myrtle, her purse 31 a a balloon, a banana 32

Diphthongs

eI a space-ship, a mate 34

aI an eye, a stile 35 :)1 soil, a quoit 36

Comparing e and eI 37 Comparing er and aT 38 Comparing aI and JI 39

au a goat, a cone 40

QU a scowl, a cloud 41

Comparing :): and au 42 Comparing 3~ and au 43

Comparing au and u: 43 Comparing au and au 44

ala a fire 45 aua a towel 45 la a seer, a spear 46 ta tear, swear 47 Ui:) a spoor, a skua 48

ConsOl1ants

p pimple, a pipe 49 b a bow, a bible 50

Comparing p and b 51

t a tear, a tit 52 d a dog, a dromedary 53 k a crown, a cake 54 g a guide, a gargoyle 55

tJ a church, an arch 56 d3 a jelly, a jam-jar 57

Comparing tf, d3 58 Comparing tr and dr 58

f a fmger, a fly 59 v a stove, a vest 60 9 three, thirty-three 6I

Comparing f and 8 62 o weather, wreaths 63

s some spinsters 64 z a zoo, a zebra 65

Comparing e, 0, sand z 66,67 J Sheila, a rash 68 3 camouflage, invasion 69 m a comb, the moon 70

n a bone, a tin-can 71

5

I) a monkey, a tankard 72

r a rope, rocks 73,74 alaugh,alock 75,76

h a haddock, a hare 77 Comparing words beginning with h with those beginning with vowels 78

6

cube, a new suit 79 w a window, the Wild West 80

Comparing v and w 8 I

r'Vord diflisions 82,83

Word indexes 84

Preface

The aim of this book is to provide teachers and learners of spoken English with practice material in an amusing form. Some suggestions for using it will be found on page 9.

The material is grouped by phonemes, starting in each case with common concrete nouns and proceeding through noun phrases to sentences. Some phrases and sentences may seem difficult at first sight. They are not designed as 'tongue-twisters' but as a basis for catenation exercises. Each contains a 'head' or' core' phrase (normally the first) which can easily be said by itself The whole sentence can then be built up by adding successive phrases. To facilitate the use of the book in this way, the sentences (and some longer phrases) have been subdivided by bars (I) into phrasal elements.

The vocabulary has been chosen to present the sounds of English in a variety of contexts and combinations. Special emphasis has been placed on minimal contrasts, which serve to concentrate the learner's attention on the distinctive sound features which characterise the phonemes of English. For revision and further practice a forward and reverse word index is provided, together with a comprehensive classified list of minimally contrastive word pairs.

Inevitably, some of the close-on 1500 words selected are more common than others. However, even if a number of words are not within the learner's previous vocabulary, their concrete nature and the illustrations provided should avoid any serious comprehension problems. It is n.ot intended that the vocabulary should be memorised; its primary function is to afford phonetic practice and learners will readily accept it as such.

An account of the type of English pronunciation represented here will be found in]. D. o'Connor: Better English Pronunciation (CUP, 1967). Further practice material incorporating English sounds into continuous texts will be found in the same author's Phonetic Drill Reader (CUP, 1973).

A phonetic transcription is provided throughout, which a teacher may use for systematic teaching and to focus attention on points of difficulty. Which transcription to use is nowadays problematic. The long period of stability based on acceptance of Daniel Jones' English Pronouncing Dictionary is now at an

7

:i

I

cnd and a number of competing systems with trivial differences are again in use. Somewhat arbitrarily, the system used in A. C. Gimson, An Introduction to the PromJllciotion of English has becn employed. Little difficulty should however be experienced by learners in transferring to or from other notational systems representing the same basic phonological system.

Though primarily aimed at the foreign learner, this booklet with its visual appcal an:d light humour should prove useful to teachers of speech and drama and to speech therapists.

J.T.

8

How to use this book

Here are some suggestions for using this book. They have been made as explicit as possible for the guidance of users with little or no previous experience of pronunciation teaching. The book can however be used in many different ways and experienced teachers of spoken English will develop new ways of their own for working with it.

A Elementary class teaching

I The teacheI reads, carefully but naturally, the simple examples. (e.g. 'a tree ... " 'three leaves ... " 'a bee ... " 'a sheep ... " while the class listen.) Their attention will at this stage be largely concentrated on the picture.

2 The teacher reads the examples again. This time the pictures arc covered up and the class watch the teacher's face. Their attention is thus switched to the sound and articulation of the words.

3 The examples are read a third time. This time the class look at the pictures and the wording. They thus make a preliminary and approximate association of sound, sense and written word form.

4 The teacher rc-reads the first example. The pupils repeat it together. The example is read and imitated again. The second example is then read, and so on. If the group impression is correct, lllOst individuals will benefit by comparing their immediate hearing of their own pronunciation and that of the group, to which they will tend to conform. Care must be taken however that an incorrect' group accent' is not allowed to develop. This danger is, of course, greatest in classes composed of pupils who all have the same mother tongue.

5 Each member of the class in turn takes an example, working through them in order (so that numbers I, 5, 9 say' a tree' , 2, 6, IQ' three leaves' , etc.). The teacher should respond to any unacceptable pronunciation by repeating the model. If the pupil does not then correct his ['mIt, it should be noted for later trcatment, especially if a meaningful contrast (e.g. i:/r) appears not to be observed. As 3 general rule, however, it does not seem advisable to lose pace by dwelling on an individual's incapacity for simple imitation. Such cases require more systematic teaching.

9

6 At this point, the vocabulary, being simple and concrete, can be used in simple structures for repetition, e.g. 'Here is a tree', 'Here are three leaves', 'Here is a bee', 'Here is a sheep', 'There is (are) ... ', 'This/that is ... ', 'These/those are ... ' . In addition such questions as 'Is this a tree?', , Yes, it's a tree'; 'Is this a bee?', 'No, it's a sheep'; 'Which is a bee?', 'This is a

bee' can be asked.

7 After dealing with the simple examples, the phrases are treated. These are best built up element by element; thus: ' a fleet ... (a fleet)' , , a fleet at sea

(a fleet atsea)'.

8 This building principle applies particularly to the longer sentences; thus: 'Stephen', 'Stephen meets Eve', 'Stephen meets Eve one evening', 'Stephen meets Eve onc evening for a meal'. To a large extent, the sentences are designed like the example given, so that they can be built up from left to right. Sometimes a less straightforward order is required; thus on p. IS, 'a witch', 'a wicked witch', 'which is a wicked witch?', 'which of the women is a wicked witch?', 'which of the six thin women is a wicked witch?' These examples demand mOTC of the teadler but add variety and develop a feeling for syntax.

This technique of expansion is an excellent means of developing a rhythmic sense and the skill of catenation. Pupils who collapse into a non-English rhythm, or stammer and lose all fluency when confronted by longer selltences as indigestible wholes, arc delighted to find how far they can get along a sequence built up in this way.

9 The next sound is dealt with in a similar way. and so on.

Minimal pairs

A particular importance attaches to the sound contrasts (e.g. p. 16 i:jr). The most important pronunciation errors arc those which i~k~?!,Y~,:thc loss of a meaningful distinction, since they easily lead to l11i!~£irl1W...f-Q,gjngs. TI ~':"-~'-'''''-i ";' :.

10 ti,( Ill~))

Nineteen of the sets most frequently confused by foreign learners have been included at intervals in this book. * The minimal pairs may be used in the following ways:

a First, the teacher rcads eaeh pair: sheep, ship; bean, bin; meal, mill; lead, lid.

b Secondly, each group: sheep, bean, meal, lead; ship, bin, mill, lid.

c Thirdly, the teacher reads each pair, which is imitated by the pupil.lt is important, however, to realise that pupils who do not make the distinction will in all probability not hear it either, even when the contrast is apparently clearly produced in direct contrast, as above.

d In order to find out whether this is so, the teacher points to one of the pair and says, for example, 'Is this a ship?' The pupil must say Yes or No, and reveal whether he has identified the word correctly or not. A single question may of course be right by chance. However, five or six rapid questions pointing randomly between the two (e.g. R, L, L, R, L, R, or L, L, R, L, R, L, etc.) will produce a reliable answer.

Alternatively, the teacher may point to a pair and ask: 'Which is a sheep?' 'Which is a ship?' or to the group as a whole, saying: 'Show me the sheep', 'Show me the bird', 'Show me the mill', etc. Clearly these different techniques can be freely combined to prevent tedious repetition.

e Once the pupil is hearing the distinction consistently, it will still be necessary to establish the distinction in his speech. This willusllally be easiest in the contrastive pairs themselves. When these arc mastered, it may be advisable to go over some of the material given under the individual sounds again. Most difficulty is to be expected where the different sounds co-occur in sentences, but not as simple contrastive pairs. Practice in these is given in the longer phrases and sentences in each page of comparisons. They should be built up in the usual way (sce 7 and 8 above).

* On pp. 91-6 a cOlllprchcllSive list ofminilllally cOlltr~15ting word p.<ir~ is given, dr.<wnfrolll the complete vocabuhuy of the book. These pairs arc dassificd according to the order of phoncmo:~ in the book, and should provide ample material for practising any distinction confused by learners.

II

A phonetic transcription is provided for each phrase and sentence given. The modest additional effort involved in learning the symbols is well worth while.

Many pronunciation errors are due, not to the learner's inability to produce the sounds in themselves, but to a mistaken conception of the phonetic composition of words. Such errors arc most easily identified by reference to a phonetic transcription. In many cases, it is only necessary for the learner to realise his error for him to be able to correct it. In any case, realisation of the proper phonetic form of the word is an indispensable pre-requisite for overcoming such' distributional' errors - perhaps the most frequent type of error made by foreign learners.

When set out in detail, the above procedure may look long-winded, especially for a native English teacher who may not realise how difficult a task learners of English have to face. Teachers are nevertheless recommended to start off by follovving this method, using the humour of the material, variations in tempo within a running rhythm, and their own humanity to keep the pace lively and the lessons enjoyable.

Experienced teachers will of course make short cuts where a class is not expected to fInd problems, and give more practice where it is needed.

Abundant additional practice material can be drawn from the forward and reverse word indexes on pp. 84- 91, and the classified list of minimal pairs' on pp.9 1 - 6.

When the material of this book has been mastered, readers are recommended to work with]. D. O'Connor's Pholletic Drill Reader (CUP, 1973), in which longer dialogues are skilfully based on particular sounds, contrasts and combinations.

B Advanced classes

With advanced students, the pages dealing with single sounds are pcrhaps best used quite light-heartedly for diagnostic purposes, and catenation exercises, allowing conversation to develop out of the visual humour,

12

particularly the exploitation of British cultural stereotypes. The contrastive pairs can be used for remedial purposes as described above.

Teachers and students of English as a foreign language can have the techniques explained, and be made to see their errors objectively in terms of the interference principle, and as paradigmatic for those they will find in their own pupils.

C Students without a teacher

Students who have access to a native English speaker can easily follow the course outlined above for class-work by instructing the speaker to carry out the relatively straightforward actions of the teacher described. With a little practice, it should become quite easy for the native speaker to play the teacher's role, though the student cannot, of course, benefit from the skilled teacher's ability to recognise and analyse errors and to fit special remedies to special cases.

D Students and classes without a good natille speaker to act as model

'ViT e recommend buying the cassettes or reels on which the complete material of the book is recorded. These may be used in a straightforward language laboratory if transferred to the master track. Preferably the recordings should be managed by a teacher as though a native speaker were present, in accordance with the procedure detailed above, or worked into a programmed form by editing.

E Speech therapists and teachers of English as a mother tongue

Adult aphasics will find thc pictures, being simple but not too childish, of help in re-establishing links between concepts, sounds and spellings. The systematic sound. contrasts will also be useful for work with dyslalics, and also, if so desired, in showing differences between the sound pattern of received pronunciation and the various regional pronunciations of English.

13

· I:::

I',

"

,­/, , /--.5>~

" , ,

, ,

"/ a3 .... ",\\11<,,\1\110, ,,' " .. I.. .. " .. It. "" ",,, ... • '\I! .. ~,.r, .. "\I/" ""\1,,\,,,\, \"/,,. 1\1, 'h,1 01/,,,1.1,,,,,.',,' ..

a tree a'tri:

a fleet at sea a lf1i:t at 'si:

three leaves '8ri: 'Ii:vz

a bee a 'bi:

a sheep a 'ji:p

ice cream for tea 'aIS 'kri:m fa 'ti:

Stephen I meets Eve I one evening I for a meal

'sti:vn I mi:ts 'i:v I 'WAn 'i:vnIIJ I far a 'mi:1

Stephen I is greedy. I He eats I three pieces I of cheese I 'sti:vn I IZ 'gri:dr I hI i:ts I '6ri: 'pi:S!Z I av 'tli:z I

Asleep, I Stcphcn dreams I of Eve. I He secs Eve I Beeing I from three beasts I a'sli:p I 'sti:vn 'dri:mz I av 'i:v' I hi: 'si:z 'i:v I 'fli:rQ I fram '6ri: 'bi:sts I 14

a biscuit a 'brsklt

ink 'rQk

a higpig a'brg'prg

a ship

a'IIp

a tin whistle a 'tIn 'wIsl

a little kitten a 'IItI 'kltn

Which I of the six I thin women 1 is a wicked witch? I 'wltI I av oa 'S!ks I '6rn 'wlmln I IZ a 'wlkrd 'WItJ I

a fish a 'flf

a kitchen sink I with dishes in it I a 'kltJln 'sIQk I WIO 'dIJIZ In It I

IS

I

~

i!/I .,- .. 4i9:\ ~ ( e:He.\'4'\llV ~

a sheep a ship a bean a bin " 'Si:p " 'SIP ~ 'bi:n ~'bln

&,. ! AI" '---. ." '-..

a meal a mill a lead a lid

a'mi:l a'mrl " 'Ii:d a'lId

i Jean likes gin. I ... but gin doesn' dike Jean! ! 'd3i:n ,Ialks 'rl3In I b"t 'd3In 'dAznt ,Ialk 'd3i:n I

Sleepy Freda ! seeks size six slippers I to flt her feet I 'sli:PI 'fri:da I,si:ks 'san: 'sIks 'SlIP'" I t" 'fIt h3: 'ft:t I 16

Fish I and chips I are cheap I and easy to eat I 'hI I.n 'tSlPS I ,,'tSi:p I and 'j:ZI tu 'i:t!

»

0 ~

a leg d 'leg

~ IP·re"" :f-'U

:',\",0-"''(.",,,, 'il',z ,,0-( -,,,-1:1-"<'

-...,?. t).<'I.. .b .. /

a letter a '!et<)

a treasure chest a 'tre3a ,tJest

\

a tent a 'tent

a wren' 3 nest a 'renz ,nest

ten well-dressed men 'ten 'wel'drest 'men

eleven hens I with twelve eggs I in ten nests I I'levn 'henz! wI8 'twelv 'egz I In 'ten 'nests I

t.I(lMy:'£~

a penny ;) 'peru

seven pets 'sevn 'pets

a wedding-dress a 'wed!!] ,dres

,,' e

17

re

ahand <) 'hcend

a map a'm<ep

a stamp

a'sta::mp

~ .....•. :~::;::: .•... ~;~~~~ . JJ-i ·:~~PJ:sr~) ~~!N }j':1j

a flag

• 'fl"'g

a tank

a't<:el)k

a fat man I clapping I his hands I • 'f",t 'm",n I 'kl"'PIQ I IZ 'h"'ndz I

Q1

ajazz band a 'd3<ez ,b;:end

a black cat I catching a fat rat I • 'bl",k 'k",t I 'k",tJIQ. 'f"'t 'r",t I

~ Annc I has plaits I and black slacks. I Harry I has a hacking jacket Harry and Annc I afC standing I hand-in-hand I '",n I h",z 'pl"'ts I an 'bl"'k 'sl",ks I 'h",,, I ,h",z a 'h"'kIQ ,d3",kIt I 'h",,, .nd '",n I. 'st",ndIQ I 'h",nd In 'h.,nd I IS

a pet a 'pet

..........•........ " a net a 'net

Jack has a check cap I in his hand I 'd3",k h.,z. 'tJek 'k",p In IZ 'h.,nd I

a pat a'p;:et

~ • ::;;.0---.~~

a gnat a 'nret

• • •

one man 'WAn'mren

pedalling 'pedlIQ

many men 'menr'men

paddling 'p.,dl'Q

Ted I has Dad's hat I on his head I 'ted I h.,z 'd",dz 'h.,t I )n IZ ,hed I

~ Franz's French friend I Jack's Czech friend I Franz I

is very expansive I d3.,ks 'tJek 'frend I 'fr",nts I IZ I ven I k' spcensrv I

is very expensive I 'fr.,ntSIz I 'frentJ I 'frend I IZ 'verI Iks'pensrv I

19

ejre

A c ~o

a gun a 'gAn

a puff a 'pAf

a country cousin a 'kAntrr 'kAzn

a lovely crusty buttered bun I for supper I a 'IAvlr 'krAstr 'bAt.d 'bAn I fa 'SApa I

a thump a '9Amp

ajump

a'd3Am p

r acup a'kAp

a glove A 'gIAV

a duck

a'dAk

Cuthbert I puts some mustard I in his Mother's custard I 'kA9bat I ,puts sam 'mAst.d I In IZ 'mAO;olZ 'kAstad I

Cuthbert's young brother I wonders why A40ther I doesn't love her other son I 'kA9bats 'jAlJ 'brAC).1 'wAndaz I war 'mAil. 'dAznt 'lAY h3r 'Ail. 'SAn I 20

~

ahat a 'h~t

a stamp a'st<emp

a hut to! 'hAt

a stump a 'stAmp

These windows were shattered

'ol:z 'wlndauz wa 'Ja:::tad

mashed potatoes with butter 'm<eSt p;:}'telt<::lUZ WIC; 'bAta

a battler a 'b<I!tla

a butler a 'bAtla

a banker a' b"'Qic,

a bunker • 'bAQka

These windows were shuttered '8i:z 'wlndauz wa 'fAtad

mushed potatoes with batter 'mAJt p;:,'tertCiuz WIO 'ba:::ta

2r

re/A

or

a mast ~ 'ma:st

a palm a 'pa:m

a carpet

" 'ka:prt

a bard '" 'ba:d

a fast car ~ 'fo:st I ka:

a dark barn I in a large farm-yard I " 'da:k 'ba:n I rn" 'la:d3 'fa:m,ja:d I

~ -,.­~

Mark I can't park I his car I in the barn I because of a calf I and a large cart! blocking the farm-yard I

a castle " 'ka:sl

a farm-cart

a 'fa:m,ka:t

e

'ma:k I 'ka:nt 'pa:k I hIZ 'ka:r I In 0" 'ba:n I bIkoz "y" 'ka:f I "nd" 'la:d3 'ka:t I 'blokIQ 0" 'fa:m,ja:d I 22

a carp " 'ka:p

a barking dog " 'ba:kIQ 'dog

a cup .'kAp

a puck a'pAk

a larva a'la:va

a lover a '!AVi;'

a bucking horse • 'bAkIQ'h):s

m/A

23

o ~ a dog e'dDg

a fog :a 'fog

a lot of knots a 'lot av 'nots

John 'd30n

John is strong 'd3Dn IZ 'strofJ

a blot e 'blot

a chop o'tSop

a shop • 'Sop

a dog squatting on a rottcn log a 'dog 'SkWDtII) Dn-d 'rotn 'log

Olive 'olxv

Olive is not 'oilY iz 'nDt

John is a docker Olive is a shopper 'd30n IZ 0 'doke 'OilY IZ 0 'Sopo

Olive I watches John I load a locked strong-box I on a yacht I in a lock I at the docks I 'Oi,y I 'wotSIz 'd3on I 'loud 0 'Iokt 'strDQ-,boks I on. 'jot I In 0 'Iok I ,t o. 'doks I 24

a dun d 'dAn

a suck a'sAk

adon d 'don

a sock d'sok

ahug o 'hAg

a buddy o 'bAdI

a body • 'bodI

hj

a hog o 'hog

The zoologist I wonders I about bugs. I The botanist I wanders I about bogs I 00 z.u'010d3Ist I 'wAnd.z I ob"ut 'bAgZ 10. 'botonIst I 'wondoz I obaut 'bogz I

25

~D

a~/D

a darn Cl'da:n

o a shark ·'Ia:k

a don aldon

a shock • 'IDk

a tart a'ta:t

a tot a'tDt

a Rajah a'ra:d33

This cross-country runner is last. I This cross-country runner is lost

'ars ,krDs~'kAntrr ,rAnar IZ Ila:st I'ors ,kros-,kAntrr ,rAnar IZ 'lost I

26

Roger 'rod3·

a thought Cl le):t

a talk CI't:>:k

a yawn Cl 'j:>:n

a call .'b:1

a walk Cl Iw):k

z ------ Maud -J1tfil~

Paul 'po:l

, , " \'" " -/lE!'

\

" "....... "'-" ", ........... "

" " ,,-

"0' ' ~

\ \ I ( '-

n ~ /

- /

a stormy dawn a 'st:>!mr 'd:>:n

~ --­~

~

Maud is short 'mo:d I3 'Io:t

Paul is tall 'po:l IZ 't):1

Maud I is walking I on the lawn. I Paul I is crawling I along a wall I Maud warns Paul I ' You'll fall!' I 'Not at all !' I retorts Paul I 'mo:d I IZ 'wo:kIg I Dn il. 'b:n I 'po:ll IZ 'kr:>:lrg I .IDg. 'wo:11 'm:>:d 'w:>:nz 'p:>:11 ju:1 '£0:1 I not. 'to:1 I rI,to:ts ,p:>:11

:>!

27

:>:/0 f) ......................................... . :' : o ' ,

. , ' I g V -',. 0

o 0

o

a cork a'b:k

o

a sport a 'sp::>:t

28

o

o

a cock e 'kok

a spot e 'spot

a dawn a'd::>:n

a corset a 'k):srt

a warm hot water bottle a 'w):m ,hot 'w::>:ta ,botl

a don a'don

to cosset ta 'kosrt

a dog's paw • 'dogz 'po:

a butcher • 'butf·

&1

a cook .'kuk

The cook looks at her cookery-book o. 'kuk 'Iuks .0: 'kuk.rr ,buk

a bull • 'bul

a rook a'ruk

i~ c=.J~

She puts some sugar in the pudding fI 'puts ,.m 'fug.r In O. 'pudIQ

The pudding looks good o. 'pudIQ ,Iuks 'gud

Look I at Luke, I pulling a poor fool out of the pool I in the wood I 'Iuk I.t 'Iu:k I 'puIrQ. 'pu. 'fu:11 aut.v O. 'pu:11 In O. 'wud I

This foolish, bookish Duke I is too

full I of good food I to move I a foot I Ihs 'fu:llf 'bukrf 'dju:k I IZ 'tu: 'full.v 'gud 'fu:d I t. 'mu:v I. 'fut I

29

u

u/U!

U1 ) a 'nju: 'mu:n

two new shoes 'tu: 'nju: 'Ju:z

Hugh 'hju:

a brute d 'bru:t

Hllgh's tooth is loose 'hju:z 'tu:8 IZ 'Iu:s

Hugh I shoots I a moose I and loses his loose tooth 1 'hju: I 'Ju:ts I' 'mu:s I.nd 'lu:zIZ IZ 'Iu" 'tu:81

JO

a rude uncouth youth a 'ru:d 'Anku:8 'ju:8

a goose a 'gu:s

a stool a'stu:1

a few used boots • 'fju: 'ju:zd 'bu:ts

Sue is beautiful 'su: IZ 'bjU:tlfI

Sue 'su:

Sue 1 is foolish 1 and stupid 1 at school! as a rule I 'su: I IZ 'fu:hJ I.n 'stju:prd I .t 'sku:II'z, 'ru:11

Myrtle

'm3:tl .. her purse h3: 'p."

her curl h3: 'k3:1

a dirty turtle a 'd3:tI In:tl

her jersey h3: 'd33:ZI

an early bird I with a squirming earth-worm I .n '3:1r 'b3:d I WIO. 'skw3:mIQ '3:8-,w3:m I

Pearl 'p3:1

her skirt h3: 'sk3:t

a serpent 1 lurking 1 amid the ferns 1 • 's3:p.nt I 'l3:kIQ I .mld 8. 'f3:nz I

Pearl is a circlls girl 'p3:1 IZ a 's3:kas ,g3:1

An earl I gave Pearl a fur 1 and a circlet 1 of pearls 1 for her thirty-first birthday 1 an '3:11 gel V 'p3:1 a '£3: I and a 's3:kllt I aV 'p3:lz I fa h3: '83:tr 'f.:st 'b3:8deI I

Jl

3:

e a balloon a ba'lu:n

a cactus a 'k",ktas

a fashionable photographer a 'f"'Janabl fa'tografa

an amateur astrologer an 'tematar a'stroiad33

32

a connorant a 'b:marant

a banana a ba'na:na

~

an abacus an 'rebakas

o 0 D

an adventurous professor an ad'ventJ<3ras pra'fesa

a professional astronomer a pra'feJanl a'stronama

o 0

.~.,

Alderman Sir Edward Andcrson I is a prosperous government official) at the Treasury \ 'J:!daman Si3r 'edwad 'rendasan I IZ a 'prosparas 'gAvanmant a'frJII at oa 'tre3arr I

The comfortable apartment) of

.,* !+ Sir Edward I Anderson I at Aldeburgh I oa 'kAmftabl a'pa:tmant I ay

(~,

CJc::J CJ

cS ~ CJ

CJ c::J

CJ c:::J

sar 'edwad I ''''ndasan I at '"Idbara I

A professional burglar I has entered) the apartment I by a ladder I that was at the baek I of the house I a pra'feJnl 'b3:gla I haz 'entad I or a' pa:tmant I bar a 'I",da I oat waz at oa 'b",k I ay oa 'ha"s I

But an observant amateur I photographer i has focussed a camera I on the burglar I and summoned a police-constable I bat an ab'Z3:vant 'remata I fa'tograf~ I h~z 'f~uk~st • 'k",mara I on ca 'b3:gla I and 'sAmand a pa'li:s-,kAnstabll

~ As the burglar leaves J there is a policeman J

at the bottom I of the ladder I az oa 'b3:gla 'li:YZ I oaz a pa'li:sman I at oa 'botam I ay oa 'I",da I

3J

e

~" / el a space-ship • 'spersJrp

a sailor ~ 'serl~

a mate ~ Imelt

itit a grey, rainy day a 'greI, 'reInI 'del

James I plays I with trains I and planes. \

'd3ermz I 'plerz I wro 'trelnz I .nd 'plelnz I

Jane I bakes I eight cakes I 'd3eln I 'berks I 'ert 'kelks I

34

a baby whale e 'belbl 'well

a great wave daybreak 'der,brerk a I greIt 'weIV

a train I waiting I at a railway station I a 'treln I'WeltIl) I at a 'reIlweI ,sterJn

James

'd3ermz Jane 'd3eln

James I takes a cake I f,om Jane' s plate I 'd3elmz I 'telks. 'kerk I fr.m 'd3ernz 'plert I

';--"::':~

~ .",: ......... , .. .... , ........ .

...........

an eye an 'ar

a wide smile a 'wald 'small

a white kite I flying high in the sky

a 'wart' kaIt I '5? ,fiaIIQ 'har rn o. 'skar

~~~fum a stile a bicycle

a 'baISlk! a child five white mice

'farv 'wart 'mars a lstarl • 'tJarld

Clive 'klaIV

))

f

*

Clive I climbs I high spires I at night r 'klarv I 'klalmz I 'haI 'sparoz I .t 'nartl

Dinah I is quite nice, I but frightfully shy I 'darn. I IZ 'kwart 'naIS I b.t 'frartf.II 'Jar I

Clive I decides I to invite Dinah I to dine. I He tries to find a fine white wine I 'klalv I dI'saldz I to rn'valt 'dalna I t~ 'daIn I hI 'traIz ta 'faInd a 'farn 'waIt 'warn I

Dinah I decides I she would like to dine I with Clivc I and arrives I on time, J

but politely declines I the white wine I 'daln. I dI'sardz I Jld 'lark t. 'darn I wro 'klalv, I .nd .'raIVz Ion 'tal m, I b.t pa'lartlI dI'klalnz I 00 'waIt 'waln I

35

aI

:)1 Mr Hoyle ,n1Ista 'h:n!

a quoit d 'kJIt

o a boy a'b:>I

soil ~Efs ~ ~ ,:r.,.n ........ , ...... ,q ..

Mr Hoyle I toils I with the soil I 'mIsta 'horll 'tnlz I wIooa 'snll

The boy I is adroit I with his quoit I 8a 'bn I Izo'droIt I WIO IZ 'knt I

a choice, moist oyster ~ 'tIns, 'mnst 'nsta

~.

2~1~ a loyal royalist a 'bral 'r::HaIIst

Roy I is a noisy boy I 'r:n I IZ a 'nnZI ,b:n I

Joyee I enjoys annoying I Ray I 'd3jIS I In'd3jIZ a'nj!IQ 'rOl I

36

Joyee 'd3jIS

Joyee I is spoilt I and coy I 'd30lS I IZ 'spnit I and 'koI I

Roy destroys Joyce' s choicest toys 'rn dr'strnz 'd3JIsrz 'tInsIst 't::nz

a taste

a'terst a test

a 'test

David failed his exam ... 'dervrd 'ferld IZ rg'z<em .. ,

Jane sails boats 'd3ern 'serlz 'bauts

a sailor a seller a 'sella a'sela

they raced I rest 'Cier'rerst ~n_ 'ar I rest

so he felled the examiner! sac hi: 'feld or rg'zcemrna!

Jen sells boots 'd3en 'selz 'bu:ts

37

ejer

er/a!

to lay ta'ler

hate 'hert

-0'\ 1//

:::/ / ,,~ I \

to lie ta'lar

height 'hart

David baits his hook .. . 'delvld 'belts IZ 'huk .. .

<CO ~.:::c:;:::::l <e::;d

=<<6' ="

38

rj§IiL~~~ ,,#;;'~rJ.~~~.

a pain a'pern

the lake that I like aa 'Ielk oat aI 'Ialk

apme a I paIn

and a whiting bites it and a 'waIt! IJ 'baIts It

good boys 'gud 'b:HZ

a point a 'pnnt

a pint a 'paInt

a foil a 'foIl

Joyee walks off with poise 'dJ::ns ,w):ks '::>fWIO 'pnz

Giles walks off with pies 'd3ar1z ,w):ks '::>fWIO 'paIZ

goodbyes 'gud 'balz

,o@. :6 0 00 o@<>(!) ;o~@Q·.@1 '@o®O 0 Oc@®c

-~@~g~~~ )o@oO~ @o@oe ~®::o

a file a 'fall

39

)rJaI

ao

a goat a'g;:)ut

1~1

a cone Cl 'kaun

a rose a'rauz

a note a'naut

an overcoat a,n 'auvakaut

poached eggs on toast I pautJt 'egz on 'taust

an old coastal boat

<;In 'aold 'kaustal 'baut

Joan 'd3,mn

Joan I is combing I her golden hair I 'd30un I rz 'k'lUmrQ 13: 'gouldon 'hEO I

Joe I and Joan I go for a stroll. I Joe I shows Joan his roses I 'd30U I.n 'd3oun I 'gou f.r 0 'str.ul I 'd30U I 'J.uz 'd3oun IZ 'rouzrz I

40

JJ Joe 'd3",J

Jae has a noble, Roman nose I 'd3au h.:ez Cl 'ndubl 'rauman 'nauz I

]) • •

•

Joan I won't go home I alone, I so Joe goes home I withJoan I 'd30un I 'wount ,gou 'houm I o'loun I sau 'd3;;m ,gauz 'haum i'wle ,d3<:mn I

_"h;;:v;4, a scowl • 'skaul

J! »J a cow Cl 'kau

a scout Cl 'skaut

a plough a 'plau

a rout a 'raut

This owl I has found a brown mouse I on the ground I or5 'aul I az 'found a 'braun 'maus I on 0. 'graund I

a hound I with a grouse I in its mouth I • 'hound I wrd. 'graus I In rts 'mouS I

proud 'proud

mountains and fountains a round house a 'round 'haus I moontanz and 'fauntanz

The loud shouts I and howls I of the crowd I oflouts I from the town I drown the sound I of the vows I of the devout I on the mound I 80 'laud 'Jauts I.nd 'houlz I.v 8. 'kraud I.v 'Iauts I fr.m 8. 'taun I 'droun 00 'sound I av o. 'vam I.v oa dr'vaut Ion ca 'mound I

cowed 'kaud

41

QO

euj,:>!

~(}"' >41'''1 'iI2J~ I" ... ", ...... """',, .. ,,""" a phone a 'faun

a stoker a'stauka

a faun Cl 'b:n

a load a 'laud

a stalker a'st:J:ka

John I has bought his adoring daughter Joan I a motor-boat I with an outboard motor I 'd30n I az 'b>:t Iza'd>:rIQ 'd>:ta 'd3aun I • 'maut.-,b.ut I WlO.n '.utbo:d 'maut.1

42

a lord a'b:d

.. 'kaulz

floating 'f1autIl)

a hope .'haup

a roller a'rauia

flirting 'fl3:tI Q

a ruler a 'ruda

ajoke a'd3·uk

a goal a 'gaul

.jerk • 'd33: k

(~i~i··~ \·V

~(oh! ... ~)\

/····i~

[~o:) 2)

a ghoul a 'gu:1

43

eU!3:

euju!

au/ cu

a bow :;;.'bau

o 0

44

a cold figure , 'k,uld 'frg'

cl bow a 'bm;

a fowl Cl 'faul

~

a crone a 'kraun

a crown a 'kraun

a cowled figure , 'kauld 'frg,

J a fire

Cl 'fala

» a spIre a 'spar;)

wc conspIre wi: kan'spara ~

a tyre a 'tara

a higher spire a 'hard 'spar'"

some wIre sam 'ware

a towel a'tau@l

a tower a 'tau;;.

our I shower in a flowery bower! au, 'Sou. I rn. 'flau,rr 'bou, I

Brian I is a liar, I says Howard I 'braran I rz, 'Iara I sez ,hau,d I

Howard I is a coward, I says Brian I 'hauod I IZ. 'kauad I sez ,brar," I

Brianl glowers I sourly I at Howard I 'braran I 'glau,z I 'sou,lr I at 'houod I

45

ala/ cua

re

46

a seer a 'SI;:)

a spear a'spIa

A dreary peer I sneers I in the grand tier I a 'drrarr 'pIa! 'snraz I In 00 'gr"'nd 'no I

. But-here, clearly

fear

'fIa

a theatre

the cheers for the hero arc really fierce bat 'h,a 'klralI

a deer a'dId

At the rear I

a tear a I tIa

they hear I the peer 1 and jeer I at oa In;:}

I oeI 'h,a I 00 'plar I an 'd3,a I

The weary hero 1

l King Lear 11 is nead y in tears I ca 'wraf! 'hrar<3u I ['kr~ 'lrall IZ 'mal! In 'tIaz I

tear 'tEa

.. '

swear 'SWEa

share

'JEa

despair

dr'spEa

various pairs of things to wear 'YE-arras 'pEaz aY 'BII)Z ta 'WEd

Mary 'mEan

~C1[J(J Mary is scared j of fairies I in th~ dairy I 'mEan IZ 'skEad I av 'fe::3rIZ I In oa 'dEan I

Sarah

'SEara

Sarah has fair hair 'sEara h<EZ 'fEa 'hEa

Fair-haired Sarah I stares I warily I at the hairy bear, I glaring from his lair I 'IEa-'hEad 'SEara I 'maz I 'wEanlI I atoa 'hEan 'bEa 1 'glEan ~ Iram IZ 'lEa I

47

Ee

ua

1f'1)11Si-j

0,. t

a spoor a 'spua I

askua CI'skjua

a poor curate Cl 'PUd 'kjuarat

curious tourists I with their courier I 'kjuarras 'tuansts I wr8 cEa 'kuarra I

, ,

= ,

I 'fjual a'djual

cF)

a dour, cruel, furious boor a 'dua 'krual'fjuarias 'bui':)

a lurid mural a 'Ijuand 'mjuaral

A lurid mural I is sure to lure I curious tourists I a 'Ijuand 'mjuarall 13 'Sua ta 'Ijua I 'kjuanas 'tuarISts !

48

a paper

a'perpa

J passport a 'pa~sp;):t - __ @

a pimple

a 'plmpl

a pipe a'paIp

a pearl pin a 'p3:1'prn

a pork pie Cl 'p):k 'par

~ a paper plate Cl 'perpa 'piert

1/ \ a pIe-packed picnic i!

a 'pri:,'prekt 'prknrk

people

.~~~~Y5 a puppy a'pApr

portrait of a plump, prosperous, purposeful passenger 'p):trert av Cl 'pIAIl1P, 'prDspar<~s, 'p.3:pasf! 'pa'.:!sIl1d3a

Pretty Polly I Perkins I has a pair of pretty plaits I 'pntI pOll I 'p"klnzl h~z a 'p£ar av 'pntr 'pl;:ets I

Pat I peeps at Pip I playing I the piano I 'paot I 'pi:ps at 'PIP I 'pleI! Q I (la pI '",nau I

49

p

b

a bow ~'bau

a bible o 'balbl

Bessie I the buxom barmaid I bringing

a baboon o bo'bu:n

a bottle I of best brown I beer I from the bar I atthe back I of the 'Bull I and Bush' I 'beSI I eo 'bAksm 'ba:meld I ,brIQIQ o 'botll ov 'best 'braun I 'b,O I from 00 'ba: I otoo b",k I ov 00 'bull on 'buJ I

0

0 ~ 0

0 0

0 0

0 o 0

, , ,

a suburb o'sAb3:b

~

, , , ' "

Barbara I is a beautiful blonde I with bright blue eyes I Barbara I is baclling I blissfully in a bubble-bath I 'ba:boro IZ 0' bjU:tlfl 'blond I Wle 'broIt 'blu: 'aIZ I 'ba:boro I IZ 'beloIQ I 'blrsfolI In 0 'bAbl-,ba:6 I Barbara's baby I brother I Bobby I is bouncing I a big beach-ball I 'ba:boroz 'belbI I 'brAOO I 'bobI I IZ 'baunsIQ I 0 'bIg 'bi:tJ-,bo:11

50

@

,,,I,/ •... ~ "'''' .... ~ .. ~" . .-....... ~,.".'''.''' ...•• \\II ... " ... "'' •• ''', "',. H t.\\I/""''''~I ..

a large pack a large back a poppy a bobby a big pig o 'la:d3 'p"'k 0 'la:d3 'b",k 0 'pOPI 0 'bobI 0 'bIg 'pIg

people praying 'pi:pl 'preIIQ

A bold spy I put a big bomb I in a pork pie I o 'bould 'spaI I ,put 0 'bIg 'bom I In 0 'po:k 'pal I

asses braying '<eSIZ 'breIIl)

The pork pie I blew up I a politician I with a big bang I in a public bar I 00 'po:k 'pal I 'blu: 'Ap I 0 pDII 'trSn I WIO 0 'bIg 'b"'Q I In 0 'pAblrk 'ba: I

SI

p/b

t a tear a top hat

i3 't£<:l a tit two teeth a 'top 'heet

a toadstool i3 'taudstu:1

eight tall trees 'ert 't:):l 'tri;z

~

~" .. ~I' ~ -c;rw (---,) \~j

I'~ . " "---../.

52

two terrible twins

'tu: 'terrbl 'twrnz

a 'tIt 'tu: 'ti:8 • a tic

a tired tramp a 'tarad 'trcemp

Bf6 00 00 00 0008&/Bo 00 -.( ooooooo68~ Bggdb~D~Cbao () oooooDo8§fJ5 coa°C!1WQooooa oooooo~oooo gggggDog8o~ 0 00000000000 ODOOOOCJOOGO ~ OOOOOOOOOOQ 0000000000 OOODOOOooO 0 0 00000000

~~g8£PooJ{g \} OOOOOOOODOo

gg61S8g8g~g ~%g~gBDQ,'g ooogSo@;?S~ o08oooocoo 0°00000000 o 00000000 O~OOIDOOO §=bDD ggsg gg,o~ 0000

a tottering tower a 'tDtarI!] 'taua

a tattered straw hat a 'tcetad 'str:>: 'heet

a tea tray I \vith toast, I tarts and a pot I of hot strong tea I to tempt the twins I a 'ti; ,treI I WIO 'taust I 'ta;ts and a 'pDt I av 'hDt 'strDIJ 'ti: I ta 'tempt 0<:1 'twlnz I

a dog \~ a dromedary 0 a 'dog <:l'dromrdarr

~ a dodo ~ 1, • 'daudau

an adder an 'reda

~ a dead duck a 'ded 'dAk

a distant, arid, dusty desert a 'dIstant, ';:end, 'dAstI 'dezat

Deirdre I is the dowdy daughter I of the Duke I ofDundas I 'd,.d" I IZ oa 'daudI 'do:ta I .Y 1\a 'dju:k I ay 'dAndas I

===~

Deirdre is dreaming I a dreadful dream I 'dIad" rz'dri;mIQ I a 'dredfi 'dri:m I

She dreams I of her dear old darling Daddy, I held deep down I in a dark, dank, dirty dungeon, I doomed to die I on her wedding day I fI 'dri:mz I .y h3: 'd,.r auld 'da:IIQ 'd",d, I held 'di:p 'delun I In a 'da;k 'dreDk 'd3:tI 'dAnd3n I 'du;md ta 'daI I on h3: 'wedIQ ,del I

53

d

k a crown ~ 'kraun a crumpet

a cake ~ 'krAmpIt

tNEr 'kelb Q

~ () crockery QV 'krokarr

QUi a king a'kIQ

The cake is like a rock! oa 'kerk IZ ,laIk a 'rok

the cook who baked the cake oa 'kuk hu: 'belkt oa 'kelk

54

Ken quite likes Kate. I Kate doesn't care I for Ken I 'ken' kwaIt 'laI ks 'ken I 'keIt 'dAznt 'k,a I fa 'ken I

Kate cries, I kicks and screams. I Ken cowers I in the corner I 'keIt 'kralz I 'krks an 'skri:mz I 'ken 'kauaz I In oa 'bona I

Ken catches Kate ! and kisses her I quickly I 'ken 'k"'tJIZ 'keIt I aQ 'kISIZ3! I 'kWlklI I

Ken cures Kate I with a quick cup I of coffee I and a cream cake I 'ken 'kjuaz 'kelt I WIO a 'kwlk 'kAP I av 'kDf! I and a 'kri:m 'kelk I

a guide a'gald ~~ :g:rgOYle ~

a 'ga:g)!1 II®II

I = The guide gazes at the gargoyle oa 'gald 'geIZIz at oa 'ga:goII

a glass a 'gla:s

17 U

o

o

an ogre an 'auga

The ogre gargles with gusto 01 'auga 'ga:glz WIO 'gAstau

a girl guide I giggling I at a glum guardsman I guarding the gates I a 'g3!1 'gald I 'gIgIIQ I at a 'glAm 'ga:dzman I 'ga:dlQ 00 'gelts I

A garden I overgrown with grass I and gorse I is no good I for guests I a 'ga:dn J 'auva'graun WIO 'gra:s I oQ 'go:s I IZ 'nau 'gud I fa 'gests I

55

g

tJ A ~

,~LlJn~

a chubby child o 'tIAbr 'tIarld

a chair a'tJE!;}

IliTI

'l:B' -$ <$~g3$a' c&:'&'091$'.g?'i€'''8'B!; a''i'S'.~''. '. f£ if a church o 'tf3OtI

an arch an 'a:tS

Charles scratching his itching chin 'tIa:lz 'skr"'tIr~ rz 'rtIr~ 'tIrn

Charles is a cheerful chicken-farmer 'tIa:lz IZ 0 'tIrofi 'tIrkrn-,fa:mo

I 1

a watch-chain and watch o 'wotI-,tfern and 'wotI

~ A poacher I is watching I Charles's chickens, ! choosing which to snatch J

He chuckles I at the chance I of a choice chicken I to chew I for his lunch I o 'poutIor I rz 'wotIr~ I 'tIa:lzrz 'tIrkrnz I 'tIu:zr~ 'WItIto 'so;etf I hr 'tIAklz I at 00 'tIa:ns I ay 0 'tIns 'tIrkrn I to 'tIu: I for rz 'IAntf I

56

But the chuckle reaches Charles, I who chases the poacher I and catches him I bot 00 'tIAkl 'ri:tIrz 'tIa:lz I hu: 'tIeISrzoa 'poutIor I o~ 'k;etIrzrm I

~

a jelly 0'd3elr

gingerbread 'd3rnd30bred

an aged judge 00 'erd3rd 'd3Ad3

ajuicyorange a 'd3u:S1 'pnnd3

a large jug o 'la:d3 'd3Ag

a jam-jar d 'd3cem, d3a:

\

Jeremy Jones 'd3eramI 'd3aunz

a jolly jury o 'd3olr 'd3uorr

The aged judge I urges the jury I to be just I but generous I or 'erd3rd 'd3Ad31 'a:d3rz 80 'd3uorr I to br 'd3ASt I bot 'd3eoaros I

d3

57

tJld3 tr/dr Q) F?

a chick • 'tfI k

a chill • 'tfII

I

~. ~ ... r-- .. ~ ..... ·0·

aJug • 'd3Ag

Jill 'd3I1

0

a trill a'tn!

I

a huge treasure-chest I on a large Chinese junk J

• 'hju:d3 'tre3.-,tfest I on. 'la:d3 'tfaln;:z 'd3ADk I

nua ,Wl I .I ]oe plays]azz 'd3atJ ,plelZ 'd3""

58

, ,{ Richard plays chess 'rrtf.d ,plelz 'tfes

a drill a'drrl

/

i>l

°1\ ~

a face a 'fers

four friends '£0: 'frendz

afly~

a knife a 'naIf

---=-half a loaf 'ha:fa'l.m

fifteen ruffians 'frf'ti:n 'rAfranz

The rough, tough ruffians! make fierce faces I to frighten the four friends I a. 'rAf 'tAf'rAfr.nz I melk 'fr.s 'feISIZ I t. 'fraltn a. '£0: 'frendz I

The friends I f1ght off the ruffians I 8. 'frendz I 'fart 'of o. 'rAf,.nz I Four oafs I fall flat on the floor, I and the rest flee I in fear I '£o:r '.ms I '£0:1 'flret I on 8. 'fI" I.nd 8. 'rest 'fI;: I In 'fr. I

f

t

59

v

a stove a'stauv

seven evil devils 'sevn 'i:vl 'devlz

Victor Vivian 'vlkta 'vlvlan

a vest a 'vest

I(

VIce 'vaIS

a village vicar a 'VIlrd3 'Ylka

virtue 'V3:tjU:

Eve Vivienne Every evening, 'i:v 'vlvI'en Victor and Vivian visit Eve I

'evn 'i:VOID I 'VI ktar an 'VIVIan 'VIZIt 'j:v I

Victor I and Vivian I are rivals 'vrkt.r I.n 'vrvr.n I. 'rarvlz I

Both vow 1 to love Eve 1 forever 1

'b.uB 'vau I t. 'lAY 'i:v I f.' rev. I

But Eve is very vain. I Vivienne I is vivacious I and full of verve I bat 'I:V IZ 'ven 'veIn I VIVI'en I IZ VI'verJas I an 'ful av 'Y3:V I

60

Eventually, Victor gives Eve up I and goes over to Vivienne, I leaving Eve 1 to Vivian 1

r'ventJo.lr 'vrkt. grvz 'i:v 'AP I an gauz 'auva ta Vlvr'en I 'Ii!VIl] 'i:v I ta 'VIVlan I

3 3

'8ri:

33 33,333 33

'93:u'9ri: 33,333

'S3:tr I 'Bri: I 'Baoznd I 'Bri: I 'hAndr.d I n 'B3:tr I 'Bri:

Arthur Smith, 1 a thick-set, healthy athlete 1 sees three thieves 1

throw a thong I round Thea's throat I and threaten to throttle her I 'a:B. 'smrS I. '8rkset 'helBr '",Bli:t I si:z 'Bri: 'Bi:vz I '8r.o. 'BoD I raund 'Br.z 'Br.ot I.n 'Bretn t. '8rotl • I

cj:ILTHYi) ~

He throws one thug I to earth I with a thud I that shakes his teeth I Both the other thieves run offl with a fllthy oath 1

hr 'Br.oz 'WAn 'BAg I tu '3:BI wrCl. 8Ad I o.t 'Jerks IZ 'ti:BI 'b.oB ilr 'Ail. 'Bi:vz 'rAn 'of I wr8. 'frlBr '.uBI

Thea 1 thanks Arthur 1 for thrashing the three thugs 1

'Br. 'B"'Dks 'a:B.1 f. 'Br"'Jr D 8. 'Bri: 'BAgZ I

(3

6r

fjB a laugh a'la:f

a thin Finn ",'Srn 'fIn

Frances has a First 'fra:nsIs heez a 'f3:St

Frands has a thirst 'fra:nsIs h<ez a '83:St

a lath 0'10:8

Philip fought I while Philippa thought I 'fr 11 p 'b:t I wall 'frllPO '80:t I

If!1. This useful thread is free 'chs 'ju:sfl '8red IZ 'fri:

This youthful Fred is three 'OIS 'ju:8fi 'Ired IZ '8ri:

62

wreaths 'ri:oz

weather

a feather o 'Ieoo

These bathers I are breathing! through their mouths I 'oi:z 'belOOZ I a 'bri:oIQ I 8ru: OEO 'mauoz I

"'V

a leather tether a 'Ieaa 'teoa

Smooth breathing I is rather soothing I 'smu:o 'bri:oIQ I IZ 'ra:oa 'su:chg !

These are three brothers 'oi:z a '9ri: 'brAoaz

These are their father and mother 'oi:z a OEa 'fa:oar an 'mAoa

This is their other brother 'OIS IZ DEar 'Aaa 'brAoa

Their other brother is teething OEar 'Aoa 'brAoor IZ 'ti:OIQ

6)

a

s some spinsters Sem'SpInstaz

several mice

----~ a saucer a 's):sa

seven sausages 'sevn 'SDSld3IZ

"'" o 'iI'iI

J' ~

Sue I and Cecily I are sisters I 'su: I .nd 'SISIII I • 'sIStaz I

Sue I is sixteen I this summer I 'su: I IZ srk'sti:n I (lIS 'SAm. I

Cecily I was seventeen I last Sunday I 'SISIII I w.z 'sevnti:n Ila:st 'sAnd I I

Sue I is sowing I grass I seed. I She sees Cecily I asleep I with a glass I of cyder I and a nice sixpermy ice I by her side. r Sue I slips across, I sips the glass I of cyder I and eats the ice I 'su: I IZ 's.uID I 'gra:s I ,si:d I II 'si:z 'SI sIll I .'sli:p I WI(l. 'gla:s I.v 'sald.l.nd. 'sIkspanI 'als I baI3: ,saId I 'su: I 'SlIPS a'krDs I 'SIPS (l. 'gla:s lav 'saldaland 'i:ts or 'als I

64

Cecily I gets such a surprise I when she wakes I ,sISrlr I gets 'sAtI a s.'prarz I wen Ir 'werks I

a zoo a 'zu:

cages 'kerd3rz r1JJ.maiiJR ~~~

prison bars 'prrzn 'ba:z

a zebra e'zebra

azebu a 'zi:bju: daisies

'deIZIz

,p

Zoe is visiting the zoo 'zauI IZ 'VIZItI IJ 8a 'zu:

A lazy zebra I called Desmond I is dozing I at the zoo I He feels flies I buzzing I round his eyes, I ears and nose I a 'Iew 'zebra I ,b:ld 'dezmand I IZ 'daozrQ I.t oa 'zu: I hr 'ft:lz 'fiarz I 'bAZID I raond rz 'alz I 'raz and 'n.uz I

He rouses, I opens his eyes, I rises and goes I to Zoe I Zoe I is wearing a rose! on her blouse. I Zoe gives Desmond these buns I hr 'rauzrz I '.up.nz IZ 'alz I 'rarzrz.D 'gauz I t. 'z.ur I 'zeUl I lZ 'WEanl) e 'reuz Ion 3: 'blalUZ I 'zaUl 'gIVZ 'dezmend 'oi:z 'bAnz 1

65

z

8,0/ S,Z

a path a 'po:_8

a pass a 'pa:s

The cook thickens the soup Ba 'kuk '8Ikanz ca 'su:p

This atheist has lost faith OIS 'erSnst az 'lost 'ferS

66

a race a'ren

a wraith a'reIB

The soup sickens the cook oa"su:p 'sIkanz 8a 'kuk

This asiatic has lost face dIS eIJI'cetIk az 'lost 'feIS

. "

\l! Mosquitoes are rising . .. mos'ki:tauza'raIZIIJ

~

an endless fence I across the endless fens I .n 'endlrs 'fens I .'kros or 'endlrs 'fenz I

w

The third Thursday I of this month I is the sixteenth I 8. 'S"d 'S"zdr I.v 'chs 'mAnS I rz 8. 'srk'sti:nS I

The flShermen are writhing 8. 'frJ.m.n. 'r.rorg

a few pens 1 costing a few pence I

• 'fju: 'penz I ,kostrg. 'fju: 'pens I 67

8,01 5:,Z

I

Sheila 'II:lo

" --,

rubbish ,,<,<) 'rAbIJ

Cl,'

.. '. '. ... : ::", ~. •.• '0' ..... . :

a rash a shawl o'r;:eJ 0 'Jo:1

a traditional politician o tro'dIJonl PoII'UJn

This shop is a fish shop 'ilIJ 'JoP IZ 0 'frI ,fop

a mission station in the bush o 'mIJn ,steIJn In 00 'boJ

Sheila I has just fmished I washing I this sheet I in her washing-machine I 'II:lo I haz 'd3Ast 'ilnlIt I 'wDJIQ 16IJ 'Ji:t I In" 'WOIIQ moJI:n I

68

~ t/iiJi7;trri7W f , wfW

', f' rf f ~I f f

camOUflage' invasion

'k ' remafla:3 In veI3n

a tape measure a 'terp ,me3a

treasure

'tre3a

t

, .. ",

a VISIon

a'vI3n

rouge

'ru:3

The unusual confusion! surrounding the revision I of the decision I regarding the seizure I and closure I of the garage I is surely due I to some measure I of collusion I ill An'ju:3wal kon'fju:3n I sa,raundIQ 00 rr'vI3n I.v 8. dI'SI3n I rI,ga:dla o. 'sl:3.r I.nd 'kl.U3.r I ov 8. 'g.,ra:31 13 'Ju.1r 'dju: I t. ,SAm 'me3.r I.v k.'lu:3n I

3

69

m

a maid a'meld

a milkman a 'mIlkman

Marmaduke I and Mary I have mumps I 'ma:m.dju:k I.m 'mEOri I h",v 'mAmps I

@

a lamp • 'hemp

the moon 6a'mu:n ..,

some mushrooms sam 'mAJru:mz

They mustn't munch I marmalade 1 sandwiches! at the moment. I says Mummy

eel 'mAsnt 'mAntJ I 'ma:m.leld I 's",mwld3IZ I.t e. 'm.um.nt I sez 'mAmI I

An immense mammoth 1 in the museum I at Memphis I .n I'mens 'm",m.81 rn 8. mju:'zIOm I.t 'memfrs I

The museum I has many memorable monuments I to the memory of some remarkable members I of the Moslem community I 8a mju:'zIam I hcez 'menr 'memarabl 'mDnju:mants 1 ta 6a 'memarI av som rr'ma:k.bl 'memboz I'v a. 'mDzl.m k.'mju:nltI I

70

a thin man a '9rn 'ma::n

nine nuns 'narn 'nAnz

Naughty Nancy I has bent the knitting needles I and knotted Nanny's knitting I 'n::;,:tl 'mensI I haz 'bent a. 'nltIQ ,ni:dlz I.n 'nDtrd 'n",nrz 'nrtrQ I

Henry hands his nephew Nigel a brand-new pound-note I on Sundays I 'henn 'hamdz IZ 'nevju: 'nardzl a 'br;;en'nju: 'paund'naut I on 'sAndlz I

Norman Brown I signs I his name I again I and again I with a fine pen line I 'nJ:m.n 'braun I 'salnz I lZ 'nelm I.'gen I.nd a'gen I Wl8. 'farn 'pen ,laIn I

7l

n

IJ

a monkey a'mAIJI<I

r(

string 'strIfJ

a smger a'SI!]d

a stronger singer a 'strolJga ,SIl)a

a strong young monk I beating a hanging gong I a 'strcg 'jAg 'mAQk I 'bl:tIg a 'h"'gIg 'gog I

an anchor an 'aelJka

a ringed finger a 'rIQd 'fIgga

~ English rankers I marching along I singing I a rousing drinking-song I 'IOgIrJ 'r"'oka, I 'ma:tJIg .'Iog I 'SIgIQ I. 'rOtlZIQ 'drrgkIg-sog I 72

a pair of robins a 'pEar av 'robrnz

a shipwrecked mariner a 'Jrp,rekt 'm<enna

a wreck a'rek

This rusty wreck I has run aground I on the rocks I of the Barrier Reef I ors 'rAstr 'rek I az 'rAn a'ground I on oa 'roks I av oa 'bcerra 'ri:f I

, .... { .... \~,

\.( ~ r; '~ .. J'"

Rowena I is very rich I and rides I her mare I in Rotten Row I rau'i:na 1 IZ 'verI 'rrtJ I and 'rardz 13: 'mEar I In 'rotn 'rat} I

r

73

r c Strawberries, I raspberries and red-currants I with real cream I are really very refreshing I 'stro:brrz I 'ro:zbrrz .nd 'red'kM.nts I WIO 'rr.1 'kri:m I. ,n.II 'verr rr'freJI~ I

This train I and its trucks I are trapped 1 by a tree-trunk I across the track I 'OIS 'treln I.nd Its 'trAks I • 'tr"'pt I baI • 'tri:,trA~k I.'kros 8. 'tr",k I

Three hundred readers I used the library I reading room I in the period I from February to April. I reports the librarian 'Sri: 'hAndr.d 'ri:d.z I 'ju:zd 0. 'Ialbrarr I 'ri:dI~ ,ru:m I In 0. 'pI.rr.d I fr.m 'febro.rr tu 'elpr.1 I rr ,po:ts 5. laI,brE.rr.n I

74

a laugh • 'Io:f

a lark a'la:k

O! f\

a look a'luk

~ a leer a 'Ira

a smile a'smaII

an apple .n ''''pi

a luggage label • 'IAgld3 ,Ielbl

This little girl I called Lucy, I left all alone, I loves her small doll I '/lIS 'IItI 'g>:11 ,b:ld 'lu:sI, I ,left ',,:I.'I.on, I 'IAVZ>: 'smo:l 'doll

A noble old lion I and lioness I lying asleep I in their lair I • 'n.obl.old 'laI.n I .nd 'laI.'nes I 'laII~ .'sli:p I In 8E. 'lEa I

75

I

a small pool 1 lying on a low hill 1 on a large island 1 in a lovely lake 1 in theW elsh hills 1 a 'smo:l 'pu:11 ,laII~ on a 'Iou 'hIli Dn a 'la:d3 'arl.nd I In a 'IAvlr 'Ielk I In oa 'welS 'hII. !

Eleven local lads 1 and lasses 1 dancing I round the village 1 maypole 1 to a tuneful old melody 1 I'levn 'Iaukl 'I",d! In 'lzesIZ I 'do:nSI~ I round oa 'vllrd31 'melpa,,11 tu a 'tju:nfi auld 'meladI I

~

s: ___ _

f The tall pole topples 1 and falls, 1 but all the people laugh 1 and the lads and girls are still able to smile 1 00 'to:l 'paul 'topl! I and '{:):I! I bat '0:1 oa 'pi:pl 'Io:f I an 80 'I",dz OD 'g3:lz a 'strl 'elbl to 'small I

76

a haddock a 'h::edak

~ a heron a 'heran

a hare a hawk a 'hs:a a 'h:>:k

I a hippopotamus I a herring a hrp;;:.'potamas a 'hen!)

Humble, hairy Herbert 1 has his hand on his heart 1 'hAmbl 'h.ar; 'h>:bat I "re.IZ 'h"nd on IZ 'ha:t I

Henry's horse 1 has hurt his hoof 1 in a hole 1 while hunting 1 Henry helps him 1 to hobble home I 'henrIz 'h):s I az 'h3:t IZ 'hu:f 1 In a 'haul I wall 'hAntIQ I 'henrr 'helps Im I to 'hobl 'haurn I

h

a hyena a haI'i:na

I a hedgehog .'hed3hog

77

Ellen heats up the pie 'elan 'hi:ts hp 8a 'par

Ellen looks after her heir 'elan luks 'a:fta h3:r 'Ea

Ellen and Hannah like harbours 'eI.n .nd 'hren.laIk 'ha:boz

78

Helen eats up the pie 'helan 'i:ts hp oa 'pal

Helen looks after her hair 'hel.n luks 'a:ft.r 3! 'hE'

Helen and Anna like arbours 'helan and 'aena lark 'a:baz

a curious curate a 'kjuarI3S 'kjuarat

a young yak a 'jAa 'jrek

Young Una 1 is beautiful 1 and alluring 1

in her superb new yellow tunic! . 'jAa 'ju:n'l IZ 'bjU:tIfll.nd .'Ijo.rra I In 3! sjU:'p3!b ,nju: 'jel.u 'tju:nIk I

a yelping yapping terrier a 'jelpII) 'j::ePII) 'terra

Una's tutor I Hugo I is an amusing humorous musician I 'ju:n.z 'tju:t. I 'hju:g.u I IZ.n .'mju:zra 'hju:mor.s mju:'ZI)n I

Hugo's tuneful duet I for tuba I and euphonium I is musically unique I ~hju:g.uz 'tju:nfl dju:'et I fa 'tju:b'l.nd ju:'f.unI.m I IZ 'mju:zr'k.II ju:'ni:k I

79

w a window a 'wlndau

a weeping willow a 'Wi:PII) 'wllau

the wild West Oi;l'walld 'west

a wicked woman d 'wrkId 'v·romen

a sweet white wine e 'swi:t 'wart 'warn

a WIg

a 'WIg

William I is worried I about woodworm I in the woodwork I of his wardrobe I 'wllj~m I IZ 'wAnd I ~baot 'WUQW3!m ! In oa 'WUdW3:k I .Y IZ 'wo:dr.ub I

Whywouldn'tWalterwash I with water I that wasn't warm? JWalterworks I at a waxworks I and wax won't wash off] without warm water I 'war 'wudnt 'wo:lt. ;woJ I w18 'wo:t.I 8.t 'woznt 'wo:m I 'wo:lt. 'w3:ks I "t. 'meks,w3:ks I"nd 'w",ks 'w.ont ,wnJ 'of I WI'oaut 'wo:m 'wo:t"l

80

a vale a 'veri

a whale a 'well

a VIper a 'varp'3

a worse verse ;) 'W3:S 'V3:S

a Wlper '" 'walpa

~~

o ,Cl

()

Why is the worse verse wor:;e than the first verse? 'war IZ oa 'W3:S 'V::l:S

'W3:S 5,w oa 'f3:St ,V3:S

e>

William always wears a very warm woollen vest I in winter I 'wIij;;'!m ':dwaz 'Wfi.:az do 'ven 'w):m 'wu!an 'vest I rn 'wlnta I

Victor, however, will never wear woollen underwear, I even in the Wild West I 'vlkt~ hau'eva wrl 'neva ,wE-a 'wulan 'And<:lWEa I 'i:vn In oa 'war Id 'west I

81

vjw

V.! c: o 'iii 'S;: ~ 'E ~

82

a nice house a 'nars 'haus

a nation

o 'neIJn

~l ~//IA

Joy sleeps 'd3" 'sl;:ps

a grey tabby a I grer 't<:ebI

an ice-house an 'ars,haus

an Asian on 'eIJn

Joyce leaps 'd3"s'I;:ps

a great abbey a 'gren I aebr

a Greek spy a 'gri~k 'spar

John said that all men could come 'd3Dn sed Oat ':>:1 men ked ,kAm

I saw her race a1 'S): h3: 'rers

a Greek's pie a 'gri:ks 'par

Joan said the tall men could come 'd30un sed 50 't,:1 men k.d 'kAm

I saw her ace a1 'S): h3:r 'ers

Ice cream ,aIS 'kri:m

83

r.n c: o

:r.n ,> "'0

"E ~

TivcJrd indexes These indexes contain the words used in the book, either in the inflected form in which they actually occur, or in their simple unillflectcd form. They provide teachers and students with classifted word material, which can be used for further practice or systematic revision. Page references are not given. but the indexes are presented both in a normal and a reverse form. In both cases the order of phonemes in the word serves as a basis rather than the order of letters. The' alphabetic order' is then provided by the order in which the phonemes are introduced in the book (see the table of contents, pp. 5-6).

The forward index groups together words which alliterate but contrast in the final segment. The reverse index brings together those which rhyme, but contrast in the initial segment. By reference first to the forward index, then to the reverse index, all words in the book exempiifying a given phoneme in initial and fmal position are immediately available. (The underlined words have been recorded on the tape.)

Forward index

This index groups words according to their initial phonemes. It provides alliterative sets and contrasting sets of vowels and final consonants. i: eat, Eve, even, evening, evil, easy. I it, expensive, expansive,~m, examine, itch, itching, eventually, is,

~mense, in, enjoy, invasion, Ed1glish,.eleven.--- -e ~,~, every, enter, end, en ess, Ellen.

ae ~, abbey, abacus,~, adder, avid, athlete, ass, amateur, Anne, Anna, and, Anderson, anchor. - ---

A other, underwear, unusual, uncouth. a: are, arbour, art, arty, arch, after, Arthur, arm. D off, of, on, orange, Olive. " or, all, alderman, Aideburgh. u; ooh! 3: er ... , urge, earth, earthworm, urn, earL a apart, ap;rtn1.eirt; observe, adoring, adVenturous, adroit, again, aground,

astronomer, astrologer, asleep, amid, amusing, annoying, arrive, alone, alluring.

eI able, eight, ~, aged, atheist. ~. Asian. aI !, :1:.. ice, eyes, island. ::n oyster. au oh!, open, ogre, oaf. over, overcoat, overgrown, oath, old. au our, out, outboaw,owl. -----la ear. Ea heir.

84

p

b

t

d

k

g

peep. people, piece, pip, picnic, pig, pimple, pin, pet, pedal, pen, penny, pence, pens, pat, Pat, paddle, pack, passenger, puppy, public, puck, puff, park, path, pass, passport, palm, poppy, pot, Pally, politician, paw, portrait, pork, Paul, put, putting, pudding, pull, pulling, pool, purposeful, Perkins, purse, pearl, potato, policeman, politely, paper, pain, pipe, pies, pine, pint, poise, point, poach, poacher, pole, pound, peer, period, pair, poor, pre-packed, pretty, prison, prosperous, professor, professional, pray, proud, plait, play, plate, played, plane, plough, piano. bee, beat, beach, beast, bean, because, big, biscuit, bin, Bcssie, bent, bat, batter, battle, battler, back, band, bang, bank, banker, barrier, bubble, but, butter, butler, buddy, buck, buxom, bug, buzz, bun, bunker, bar, Barbara, bard, bark, bath, bars, barmaid, barn, bobby, bottom, bottle, body, bog, bomb, bought, ball, book, bookish, butcher, bush, bull, boot, bird, burglar, birth, birthday, baboon, banana, balloon, baby, bait, bake, bathe, bather, by, bible, bite, bicycle, boy, bow (au), boat, both, bone, bold, bow (au), bower, bounce, beer, bear, boor, breathe, bring, breath, brand, brother, brute, bray, break, bright, brown, blissful, black, blot, block, blonde, blue, blew, blouse, beautiful. tea, tin, Ted, tether, tempt, ten, tent, terrier, terrible, tabby, tank, tankard, tough, tart, top, topple, tot, totter, talk, tall, took, too, two, tooth, turtle, tape, take, tic, tyre, tired~me, toy, toil, toe, toad, toadstool, toast, tower, towel, town, tier, tear (la), tear (Ea), tour, tourist, tree, tree-trunk, trick, trill, treasure, treasury, trap, track, tramp, truck, tradition, tray, train, try, trousers, tuba, tutor, tunic, tuneful, twins, twelve. deep, decline, devout, decision, decide, despair, distant, destroy, dish, dead, devil, desert, Desmond, Dad, Daddy, dank, duck, dust, dusty, does, doesn't, dun, Dundas, dungeon, dark, darn, dance, darling, dock, docker, docks, dog, don, doll, daughter, dawn, do, doom, dirt, dirty, day, day­break, David, daisy, die, dine, Dinah, dodo, doze, dowdy, down, deer, dear, dearly, Deirdre, dairy, dour, dream, drink, drill, dread, dreadful, drug, dromedary, drown, drear, dreary, due, duct, duel, duke. kitten, kick, kitchen, kiss, king, Ken, cap:cat, cactus, catch, camouflage, camera, can, cannon, cup, Cuthbert, custard, cousin, come, comfort, comfortable, country, constable, carp, carpet, cart, calf, castle, can't, cock, coffee, cosset, cost, cork, corset, cormorant, corner, call, called, cook, cookery, curl, curly, community, confusion, conspire, collusion, Kate, cake, cage, kite, coy, quoit, coat, coast, coastal, comb, conc, coal, cold, cow, coward, cowed, cowl, cowled, care, courier, cream, crusty, crumpet, crock, crockery, cross, crawl, cry, crone, crowd, crown, cruel, clap, climb, closed, closure, clear, cure, curious, curate, cube, quick, quickly, quite.

giggle, get, guest, garage, government, gusto, gun, guard, garden, guardsman, gargle, gargoyle, gong, gorse, good, goose, ghoul, girl, gate, gave, gaze, guide,~, goat, goal, gold, golden, greedy, Greek, grand, grass, grey, great, grow, grown, grouse, ground, glove, glum, glass,

85

glower, glare. tJ cheap, cheese, chips, chicken, chin, chill, check, Czech, chess, chest,

chubby, chuckle, chance, Charles, chop, chew, choose, church, chase, chain, Chinese, child, choice, €heer, cheerful, chair.

d3 Jean, gin,Jill, Jeremy,Jen, generous, jelly, jacket, jazz, jam-jar, jug,judge, just, jump, jar, John, jolly, juicy, jerk, jersey, J ames, Jane, Giles, k'r,-­J oyce, Joe, J oan, Jones, jeer, jury.

f feet, feel, fit, figure, fifteen, fish, Finn, fmish, fmger, Philip, Philippa, fllth, filthy, February, feather, fen;fence, fens, fell, fat, fact, fashion, fashionable, father, farm, farmer, farmyard, fog, for, four, fought, faun, fall, full, food, fool, foolish, fur, first, fern, photographer, forever, faith, face, fail, fire, flght, five, fine, fmd, file, foil, photogr~ph, focus, phone, foal, fountain, found, fowl, fear, fierce, fair, fairy, fair-haired, Freda, Fred, friend, Francis, Frances, from, fright, frighten, frightful, frightfully, flee, fleet, Bat, flag, floor, flirt, fly, Bight, Boat, Bower, Bowery, few, furious, fuel.

y vicar, Vivienne, vivaaous, visit, visitor, vision, village, vest, virtue, verve, ~, vain, vale, viper, vice, vow, vary, various. -- ---

e thief, thieves, thick, thicken, thick-set, thin, thing, thank, thanks, thud, thug, thumb, thump, thong, thought, thirty, third, thirst, Thursday, Thea, theatre, three, threat, threaten, thread, thrash, throttle, through, throw.

il these, this, that, the, they, though, there, their. --s sec, sea, seed, seek, seizure, sip, sick, sicken, six, sixpenny, sixteen,

sixteenth, Cecily, sister, sing, singer, sink, seven, seventeen, several, says, sell, seller, sandwich, supper, suburb, suck, such, sum, some, summer, summon, sun, son, Sunday, sock, sausage, song, saw, saucer, Sue, soup, soothe, Sir, serpent, circus, circle, surprise, surround, say, sail, sailor, side, cyder, size, sign, soil, so, sow, soap, sour, sound, seer, Sarah, spin, spinster, spot, sport, space, spy, spire, spoil, spear, spare, Stephen, still, stamp, stand, stump, stalk, stalker, storm, stormy, stool, stile, stoke, stoker, stone, stare, string, strong, straw, strawberry, stranger, stroll, stupid, school, skirt, sky, scout, scowl, scare, scream, scratch, squat, squirm, Smith, small, smooth, smile, snatch, sneer, slip, slipper, slack, slow, superb, suit, sweet, swear.

z zcbu, zebra, zoo, Zoe, zoologist. S she, sheep, sheet, Sheila, ship, ship-wrecked, shatter, shutter, shark, shop,

ShOpper, shock, short, shawl, sugar, shoe, shoot, shake, shy, show, shower, shout, share, sure, surely. -- --

m meal, Mr, mission, mill, milk, milkman, mcasure, memory, memorable, member, Memphis, men, many, melody, map, mash, mammoth, man, mariner, mother, mustard, mush, mushroom, Mummy, mumps, munch, monk, monkey, Mark, march, mast, Marmadukc, marmalade, mosquito, Moslcl11, monU111cnt, Maud, 1110VC, moose, moon, luay, mate, l11aid, make, mice, motor, motor-boat, momcnt, mouth (9), mouth (8), mouse, mountain, mound, marc, Mary, museum, music, musical, musician, mural.

n needle, knit, net, never, nephew, nest, gnat, nanny, Nancy, nun, not,

86

knot, knotted, naughty, Norman, nation, name, night, Nigel, kllife, nice, noise, noisy, no, noble, note, nose, near, nearly, new, newt.

r read, reader,~achJ reef, wreath, report, retort, rich, Richard, refreshing, revision, remarkable, ring, ringed, red, red-currant, wreck, rest, wren, rat, rash, rank, ranker, rubber, rough, rust, rusty, run, runner, rajah, rather, raspberry, robin, rot, rotten, rock, Roger, rook, rude, rouge, room, rule, ruler, wraith, race, rain, rainy, rail, railway, ride, rival, writhe, rise, Ray, royal, row(ou), Rowena, rope, robe, rose, Rome, roll, roller, row (au) , rout, rouse, round, rear, real, really, rarc. leap, lead, leaf, leave, little, lid, list, letter, leg, left, leather, lad, ladder, lass, ramp, luggage, love, lover, lovely, lunch, lark, large, laugh, larva, lath, last, lot, lock, log, lost, lord, lawn, look, loose, Lucy, lose, lurk,~, label, lake, lazy, lie, liar, lion, lioness,hbrary, like, line, loyal, low, load, local, loaf, lout, loud, Lear, leer, lair, lure, lurid.

h he, heat, hippopotamus, hill, head, hedgehog, hen, Henry, herring, heron, Helen, help, held, health, healthy, hat, had, haddock, hack, hacking, Hanna, hand, hang, Harry, hut, hug, humble, hunt, hundred, harp, harbour, heart, hearty, hard, half, hot, hog, hawk, horse, hoop, hoof, her, Herbert, hurt, hate, high, hyena, higher, height, Hoyle, hope, home, hole, how, however, Howard, house, hound, howl, here, hero, hair, hairy, Hugo, huge, humour. --

yellow, yelp, yap, yak, young, yard, yacht, yawn, you, euphonium, youth, youthful, use(s), useful, use(z), unique, Una.

W we, weep, wicked, which, witch, with, without, whistle, women, winter, window, will, willow, William, wed, wedding-dress, weather, west, well, well-dressed, Welsh, wax, wax-works, one, wonder, worry, worried, watch, watch-chain, was, wash, washing-machine, water, wardrobe, walk, warm, warn, wall, WaIter, would, wood, woodwork, woodworm, woman, wool, woollen, were, work, worse, worm, way, wait, wake, wave, whale, why, wire, wipe, wiper, white. whiting, wide. wine, wild, won't, weary, wear, wary, warily.

RelJCTse word index

This index orders words according to the last phonemes in the word. i! tee, tea, see, sea, tree, free, three, we. t Zoe, sleepy, puppy,-poppy, community, pretty, arty, hearty, naughty,

beauty, dirty, thirty, dusty, rusty, crusty, monkey, abbey, tabby, chubby, bobby, baby, greedy, Daddy, buddy, body, melody, dowdy, Thursday, Sunday, zoology, coffee, healthy, fllthy, Bessie, juicy, Lucy, Nancy, easy, jersey, daisy, lazy, noisy, Nanny, Mummy, stormy, Jeremy, penny, many, sixpenny, rainy, very, Harry, worry, crockery, cookery, treasury, memory, library, dreary, weary, dairy, fairy, Mary, hairy, wary, jury, February, flowery, country, strawberry, raspberry, dromedary, Deirdre, every, Henry,

87

Cecily, warily, jelly, Polly, folly, curly, frightfu!1y, blissfully, dearly, nearly, really, sourly, surely, eventually, politely, musically, quickly, lovely.

CG arc, car, bar, jar. ---

J! or, paw,actore,for, four, saw, straw, floor. u: Doh 1, too, two, chew, Sue, shoe, zoo,tfirough, blue, blew, you, virtue,

Zebu, "(f'tle, few, nephew, new, Hugh. --3i er. , .• fur, sir, her, were. ---

a Philipp~slipper,supper, shopper, paper, viper, wiper, prosper, visitor, letter, tatter, batter, shatter, butter, shutter, totter, daughter, water, tutor, amateur, motor, theatre, after, sister, Mr, oyster, spinster, WaIter, winter, enter, vicar,' docker, stalker, stoker, anchor, banker, ranker, bunker, arbour, harbour, rubber, tuba, member, render, Freda, adder, ladder, cyder, wander, figure, sugar, ogre, finger, stronger, butcher, poacher, adventure, rajah, Roger, astrologer, ginger, passenger, photographer, ever, however, forever, never, larva, lover, over, Arthur, the, tether, feather, leather, weathcr~other, mother, brother, father, rather, bather, professor, saucer, seizure, measure, treasure, closure, summer, farmer, humour, astronomer, hyena, Rowena, mariner, examiner, Anna, Hannah, runner, banana, corner, Una, Dinah, singer, Barbara, Aldeburgh, camera, Sarah, zebra, Sheila, seller, sailor, ruler, roller, battler, butter, burglar.

er day, birthday, pray, bray, traI' ~ey, lay, play, railway. 3r eye, pie, spy, by, goodbye, tie, die, sky, shy, try, cry, lie, fly, high, why. I·

)1 Roy, toy, coy, enjoy, annoy, destroy. . ------ , au oh, bow, toe, mosquito, potato, gusto, dodo, window, go, Hugo, loe, thoughl!

so, sow, no, piano, row, hero, grow, throw, low, willow, yellow, show. I QU bow, cow, vow, plough. ala spire, conspire, tyre, fire, !iar, higher, wire. au~ our, bower, tower, sour, shower, glower, flower. la ear, peer, spear, beer, tear, tier, dear, deer, cheer, jeer, fear, Thea, seer, near,

sneer, rear, terrier, barrier, courier, drear, Lear, leer, clear, here. Ea heir, pair, spare, despair, bear, tear, stare, care, scare, chair, fair, there, their,

share, mare, lair, glare, rare, hair, hare, wear, underwear, swear. ca poor, spoor, boor, tour, dour, skua, sure, cure, lure, allure-.--

p peep, deep, cheap, sheep, leap, asleep, weep, pip, chip, sip, ship, Philip, ship, mop, clap, trap, yap, up, cup, carp, harp, top~chop, shop, soup, hope, tape,1 soap, rope, hope, pipe, stamp, lamp, tramp, stump, jump, thump, plump, help, yelp. --

b cube, superb, suburb, wardrobe. t eat, beat, feet, sheet, fleet, athlete, heat, sweet, it, carpet, crumpet, jacket,

biscuit, fit, cosset, corset, visit, knit, curate, circlet, duet, pet, thick-set, net, threat, at, Pat, pat, cat, fat, that, gnat, plait, fiat, rat, hat, but, hut, art, apart, tart, cart, heart, pot, spot, tot, not, knot, rot, lot, blot, hot, yacht, squat, report, passport, sport, bought, retort, fought, thought, short, put, foot, hoot, shoot, brute, suit, newt, skirt, dirt, flirt, hurt, Herbert, Cuthbert, comfort, desert, eight, bait, Kate, gate, mate, portrait, great, plate, wait,

88

cl

k

9

tJ

d3

f

v

e

II 5

bite, kite, fIght, invite, night, bright, fright, polite, quite. quoit, adroit, motor-boat, coat, overcoat, goat, note, float, out, scout, devout, without, shout, rout, lout, trapped, tempt, ship-wrecked, pre-packed, locked, baked, poached, left, beast, atheist, zoologist, tourist, list, guest, chest, vest, nest, rest, well-dressed, west, dust, just, rust, fast, mast, last, cost, lost, first, thirst, focussed, toast, coast, finished, mashed, mushed, tent, hunt, can't, serpent, distant, observant, monument, moment, apartment, government, red-currant, cormorant, pint, point, won't, doesn't. seed, read, lead, stupid, knotted, wicked, aged, David, amid, avid, worried, lurid, lid, Ted, dead, red, gingerbread, dread, Fred, thread, head, wed, Dad, Lad, lad, thud, bard, guard, regard, hard, yard, farmyard, outboard, Maud, lord, good, wood, would, food, rude, bird, third, tattered, shattered, buttered, shuttered, custard, mustard, entered, tankard, Richard, hundred, Edward. maid, b2.rmaid, guide, side, decide, ride, wide, toad, load, cowed, proud, crowd, loud" period, scared, fair-haired, tired, coward, Howard, closed, used, doomed, end, friend, stand, band, brand, grand, hand, hand-in­hand, blonde, summoned, Desmond, island, find, pound, found, sound, mound, round, surround, ground, aground, hound, ringed, felled, held, called, failed, child, wild, old, hold, cold, gold, cowled. seek, unique, Greek, kick, chick, thick, sick, music, tunic, picnic, trick, public, quick, check, Czech, wreck, ship-wreck, pack, back, Jack, track, black, slack, hack, yak, puck, buck, duck, suck, truck, park, bark, dark, shark, Mark, lark, dock, cock, sock, shock, lock, block, rock, crock, pork, talk, stalk, cork, hawk, walk, book, cookery-book, took, cook, rook, look, duke, Marmaduke, Luke, jerk, lurk, work, woodwork, haddock, bake, take, cake, shake, make, break, daybreak, lake, wake, like, stoke, joke, ink, sink, drink, bank, tank, dank, thank, junk, monk, tree-trunk, milk. pig, big, wig, egg, leg, flag, bug. jug, thug, drug, hug, bog, dog, fog, log, hog, hedgehog. beach, reach, itch, rich. witch, which, catch, snatch, scratch, such, arch, march, watch, church, poach, munch, lunch. -­

luggage, sausage, sandwich, village, hedge, judge, large, barge, urge, age, cage, orange. thief, reef, leaf, photograph, puff, tough, rough, calf, laugh, half, off, hoof, knife, oaf, loaf. Eve, leave, expansive, expensive, give, Olive, love, glove, of, move, verve, observe, gave, wave, five, arrive, CHve, stove, twelve. - -­teeth, wreath, Smith, breath, path, bath, lath, tooth, uncouth, youth, earth, birth, mammoth, wraith, faith, oath, both, mouth, sixteenth, month, ftlth, health. ----

teethe, breathe, with, soothe, smooth, bathe, writhe. piece, police, kiss, Memphis, this, Francis, Frances, bliss, endless, chess, lioness, wedding-dress, ass, lass, pass, glass, grass, cross, across, gorse, horse, use, goose, juice, tp.oose, loose, purse, verse, worse, purpose, cactus, Dundas, circus, abacus, focus, vivacious, hippopotamus, prosperous, adventurous.

89

z

J

3 m

n

a

90

generous, ace, space, chase, face, race, ice, vice, mice, nice, choice, Joyce. mouse, grouse, house, fierce, various, curious, furious, peeps, leaps, chips. sips, ships, slips, mumps, helps, eats, meets, heats, pets, gets, plaits, tarts, knots, reports, retorts, puts, boots, shoots, Cuthbert's. baits, bites, boats, shouts, louts, beasts, tourists, guests, monuments, seeks, kicks, six, Jack's. wax, trucks, strong-box, docks, rocks, looks. waxworks, bakes,takes, cakes, shakes, wakes, likes, thanks, oafs, pence, fence, immense, dance, chance, bounce. --- ---

cheese, these, sees, Chinese, trees, is, reaches, catches, watches, sausages, sandwiches, urges, cages, pieces, kisses, asses, lasses, chases. faces, Joyce's, Franz's, loses, daisies, gazes, rises, rouses, Charles's, dishes, fairies, strawberries, raspberries, says,Jazz, has, buzz, bars, because, was, choose, shoes, lose, use, amuse, slippers, members, sisters, spinsters, wonders, rankers, mother's, bathers, trousers, gaze, plays, always, eyes, pies, size, rise, surprise, tries, cries, flies, poise, boys, toys, enjoys, noise, destroys, toes, mosquitoes, potatoes, doze, windows, Hugo's, shows, nose, rose, vows, rouse', blouse, ears, cheers, sneers, pairs, stares, wears, cures, spires, cowers, lads, decides, rides, friends, hands, eggs, hugs, thugs, bogs, dog's, thieves, leaves, loves, arrives, wreaths, mouths, feels, hills, Charles, calls, falls, pearls, curls, gargles, devils, rivals, coils, coals, dreams, screams, lames, chinks, robins, Perkins, twins, pens, fens, hens, buns, nuns, ferns, opens, fountains, mountains, thickens, sickens, Jane's, planes, declines, Jones, ruffians, things. dish, fish, rubbish, bookish, finish, foolish, English, mash, rash, thrash, mush, wash, bush, W dsh. garage, camooeage, rouge. dream, cream, scream, jam, exam, come, thumb, sum, some, glum, arm, palm, farm, bomb, from, storm, warm, doom, room, mushroom, woodworm, earthworm, squirm, museum, euphonium, bottom, buxom, Moslem, William, name, time, climb, comb, Rome, home. bean, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, Jean, washing-machine, in, pin, spin, bin, robin, tin, chicken, chin, kitchen, gin, Finn, thin, women, examine, twin, Vivienne, pen, ten, Ken, again, Jen, fen, men, wren, hen, Anne, can, man, bun, dun, gun, son, sun, nun, run, one, barn, darn, on, don, John, dawn, faun, lawn, yawn, baboon, moon, balloon, urn, fern, open, kitten, threaten, rotten, frighten, fountain, mountain, garden, golden, thicken, sicken, dungeon, even, Stephcn, seven, eleven, govern, Anderson, prison, cousin, politician, tradition, musician, mission, profession, fashion, asian, nation, vision, revision, decision, confusion, collusion, invasion, summon, Norman, woman, alderman, milkman, policeman, guardsman, cannon, heron, Ellen, Hclen, woollen. --­fleeing, praying, braying, playing, lying, flying, annoying, sowing, weeping, clapping, yapping, yelping, heating, visiting, knitting, squatting, flirting, waiting, whiting, floating, costing, hunting, reading, wedding, guarding, regarding, pudding, standing, surrounding, king, backing, bucking, barking, blocking, walking, lurking, drinking, itching, scratching, marching,

watching, leaving, thing, teething, breathing, soothing, bathing, writhing, dancing, bouncing, buzzing, choosing, amusing, rising, dozing, rousing, refreshing, thrashing, washing, dreaming, banging, hanging, squirming, combing, evening, singing, bringing, ring, herring, adoring, tottering, glaring, wearing, alluring, bring, string, darling, crawling, pulling, pedalling, paddling, giggling, bang, hang, gong, thong, song, strong, along, YOllg. feel, meal, still, chill, Jill, mill, April, trill, drill, bill, will, fell, sell, we , doll, all, Paul, ball, taIl, call, fall, shawl, small, crawl, wall, pull, bull,full, wool, pool, stool, toadstool, school, ghoul, fool, rule, earl, pearl, curl, girl, people, apple, topple, pimple, terrible, bubble, hobble, comfortable, constable, remarkable, fashionable, memorable, able, label, bible, noble, humble, little, battle, bottle, throttle, turtle, Myrtle, cOaStal, needle, pedal, paddle, bicycle, musical, chuckle, circle, local, giggle, gargle, Nigel, beautiful, cheerful, frightful, dreadful, youthful, blissful, useful, purposeful, tuneful, evil, devil, rival, whistle, castle, official, traditional, professional, mural, several, unusual, fail, vale, sail, rail, whale, stile, file, smile, spoil, toil, gargoyle, foil, soil, royal, loyal, Hoyle, pole, maypole, coal, goal, foal, roll, stroll, hole, owl, towel, cowl, scowl, fowl, howl, real, duel, fuel, cruel.

Minimal pairs

In view of the special importance given to 'minimal pairs' in this book a comprehensive list is given below, classified according to the order of the respective phonemes. The word pairs may then be used by teachers (and self-instructional students working with informants or recordings) in the ways suggested in the instructions for use (pp. 9-I3). i:jI eat, it; ease, is; peep, pip; bean, bin; bargees, barges; cheap, chip;

i:/er i:/Ia r/e I/.

r/-

e/.,

e/D e/3: e/eI .,/A

Jean, gin; feet, fit; seek, sick; seeks, six; sleeper, slipper; sleeps, slips; sheep, ship; meal, mill; reach, rich; leap, lip; lead, lid. sce, say; feel, fail. bee, beer; tea, tear; see, seer; he, here. pin, pen; tin, ten; chick, check; gin,Jen; knit. net.

~,-;'r~atted, pattered;-pow;d, pottered; poaches, poachers; batted, battered; butted, buttered; buzzes, buzzers; dusty, duster; dances, dancers; catchy, catcher; catches, catchers;jury,juror; sleepy, sleeper; marches, marchers; races, racers; Luey, looser; watches, watchers; washes, washers; wary, wearer. arty, art; penny, pen; Daddy, Dad; cosset, cost; monkey, monk; hearty, heart. expensive, expansive; cnd, and; pet, pat; pedalling, paddling; dead, Dad; Ken, can; men, man; net, gnat; head, had. jelly, jolly; pet, pot. fens, ferns. test, taste;Jen,Jane; fell, fail; sell, sail; seller, sailor; rest, raced. batter, butter; battler, buder;baIlkCr, bunker; tracks, trucks; cap, cup;

91

",/a:

"'/0 A/a:

A/D

a:/o

a:/3: a:/au a:/ou. 0/0: o/u a/.u o:/u o:/u:

o:/.u

o:/u. u/u: U:/3: u:/au

u:/au u:/ua 3:/au

./-

eI/ar

eI/n eI/.u

el/Ea aI/ala

aI/"

92

stamp. stump; shattered, shuttered; mashed, mush cd. cap. carp; cat, cart; had, hard. tatter, totter; battle. botde. puck, park; buck, bark; buzz, bars; bun, barn; duck, dark; dun, darn; cup. carp; lover, larva. puppy, pOPKY; buddy, body; bugs, bogs; ducks, docks; dun, don; suck, sock; ug, ho~; wonders, wanders. part, pot; tart, [ot;<l.rn, don; shark, shock; rajah, Roger; last, lost; heart, hot. bard, bird; bath, birth; lark, lurk; heart, hurt. art, out; bar, bow; bard, bowed; darn, down; car, cow. are, our; bar, bower; tar, tower; car, cower. ~wn; cock, cork; cosset, corset; 5)0[' sport; shot, short. pot, put; box, books; cock, cook; lock, oak; rock, rook. off, oaf; cost, coast;John, Joan; knot, note. ~ull; ball, bull; fall, full; fought, foot; wall, wool. or,oo 1; Paul, pool; bought, boot; gorse, goose; faII~ fool; saw, Sue; short, shoot. or, oh!; Paul, pole; bought, boat; caught, coat; call, coal; called, cold; [awn, phone; fall, foal; saw, so; stalker, stoker; lord, load; a lawn, alone. paw, poor; tore, tour; d~our; bore, boor. --- --­

pull, pool; full, fool; look, Luke. ooh!, er ... ; pool, pearl; ghoul, girl;juicy,jersey; Sue, sir; shoot, shirt. ooh!, oh!; pool, pole; boot, boat; too, toe; ghoul, goal; fool, foal; Sue, so; soup. soap; shoe, show; room, Rome; ruler, roller; hoop, hope.

blues, blouse; Sue, sow; fool, fowl; shoot, shout. two, tour; do, dour; shoe, sure. er, . . , oh !; earth, oath; pearl, pole; birth, both; curl, coal; girl, goal; jerk,joke; fern, phone; flirt, float; sir, so; weren't, won't. Anna, Anne; apart, part; across, cross; aground, ground; asleep, sleep; allure, lure; poacher, poach; banker, bank; bather, bathe; totter, tot; Dinah, dine; Philippa, Philip; visitor, visit; singer, sing; seller, sell; sailor, sail; cyder, side; rollers, rolls; ladders, lads. ace, ice; paper, piper; pain, pine; bait, bite; tray, try; day, die; Kate, kite; fail, fIle; lay, lie; lake, like; hate, height; way, why; wait, white. Kate, quoit; chase, choice; fail, foil; sail, soil. bait, boat; daisy, dozy; Kate, coat; gate, goat; grey, grow;Jane, Joan; Jane's,Jones; fail, foal; they, though; say, so; rail, roll; 1ay, low; wake, woke. they, their; may, mare; lays, lairs; ways, wears. tie, tyre; tied, tired; spy, spire; lie, liar; line, Hon; high, higher; WJry,Wire. ---

pies, poise; pint, point; by, boy; goodbye, good boy; tie, toy; kite, quoit; file, foil. ---

aI/au ~ bow; dine, down; find, found; file, fowl; signed, sound; rise, rouse; lied, loud.

ara/oua ~tower; flyer, flower; shyer, shower; highered, Howard. n/au boy, bow; toy, toe; quoit, coat;Joy,Joe; foil, foal; noise, nose;

Roy, row; royal, roll; Hoyle, hole. .u/au bow, bow; coal, cowl; cold, cowled; phoned, found; foal, fowl;

sow, sow; row, row; rose, rouse; load, loud: hole, howl. au/au. ra/Ea

p/b

pit

p/k

p/f

p/h

p/-

bid

big b/f

b/v b/m h/i

b/w

b/-

t/d

t/k

bow, bower; cow, cower; cowed, coward; sow, sour. ear, heir; peer, pair; beer, bear; tear,\tear; cheer, chair; fear, fair; rear, rare; leer, lair; here, hair; weary, wary. pig, big; pack, back; puck, buck; park, bark; path, bath; poppy, bOblJy;Paul, hall; pull, bull; pie, by; peer, beer; pair, bear; ~ bray; rope, robe. pin, tin; pen, ten; puff, tough; pot, tot; pork, talk; Paul, tall; pie, tie; peer, tear; pair, tear; poor, tour; pray, tray; top. tot; cap, cat; carp, cart; sheep, sheet; reports, retorts; harp. heart. ~at; pork, cork; pearls, curls; pole, coal; pair, care; proud, crowd; tape, take; trap, track; shop, shock; yap, yak.

in, Finn; pence, fence; pens, fens; Pt' fat;.ralm, farm; paw, four; Paul, fall; put, foot; ],u11, full; pool, 00 ; pme, fine; pole, foal; pound, found; plait, 6-;;t; carp, calf; leap, leaf; harp, half; hoop, hoot pens, hens; pat, hat; pack, hack; pork, hawk; pie, high; pound, hound; peer, here; pair, hair,

pi~, iii; .pat, at; palm, arm; paw, or; Paul, all; pearl, earl; pie~, ey~s; pm, elr; play, lay; thump, thumb; soup, Sue; soap, so; spOIl, SOlI; spear, seer; shee~ she; rope, row; weep, we. bank, dank; hue, duck; bun, dun; bark, dark; bobby, body; kog, ~; by, dIe; beer, dear; boor, door; brown, drown; robe, ro e. bun, gun; bard, guard; bait, ga~; brand, grand; bray, grey. beat, feet; bog, fog; bought, fought; bite, fight; bone, phone; bear, fair; bright, fright. bow,vow. beat, meat; bait, mate; bake, make; bear, mare; robe, Rome. barr large; bath, lath;~iog;baboon, baUoon; bake, lake; ~; bear, la,r; robe, roll. bee, we; b~g, wig; bun, one; bull, wool; bait, wait; bake, wake; by,W'hy; ear, wear. beat, eat; banker, anchor; bar, are; ball, all; birth, earth; bait, eight; both. oath; beer, ear; bear, heir; bring, ring; blot, lot; block, lock; robe, row. Ted, dead; tank, dank; to, do; tie, die; toes, doze; town, down; tear, dear; tour, dour; trill, drill; putting, pudding; plate, played; mate, made; lout, loud; hat, had; white, wide. tart, cart; talk. cork; tall. call; took, cook; take, cake; toy, coy; toast, coast; try, cry; pat, pack; but, buck; bait, bake; blot, block;

93

titS

tie

t/s

t/-

dig d/d3 die

d/a d/z

d/3 din

d/r

dll

d/-

k/g

k/tJ kin

k/-

g/d3 g/Q g/w g/­tJlts tJltr tSld3

94

Kate, cake; stool. school; mate, make; rot, rock; lot, lock; wait, wake. tin, chin; top. chop; two, chew; tear, cheer; tear, chair; it, itch; art, arch; beat, beach; kitten, kitchen; cat, catch; what chain, watch­

chain. ~hin; tank, thank; tree, three; tear, Thea; tree, three; apart, a path; boat, both. --tca, see; Ted, said; two, Sue; toil. soil; toe, sow; tear, seer; tower, sour; at, ass; trapped, traps; locked, locks; baked, bakes. -­tin, in; tart, art; tear, ear; tear, heir; train, rain; pint. pine; beat, bee; bite, by; boat, bow; tent, ten; quoit, coy; great, grey; fleet, flee; flight, fly; sheet. she; shoot, shoe; note, no; newt, new; heat, he. dun, gun; daisies, gazes; dodo, go-go; thud, thug. --­dust,just; don, John; dear,jeer; bard, barge; head, hedge. dank, thank; dirty, thirty; dear, Thea; dread, thread; bard, bath;

bird, birth. day, they; ride, writhe. do, zoo; seed, sees; worried, worries; had, has; ride, rise; toad. toes; hold, holes; gold, goals. rude, rouge. Daddy, Nanny; dun, nun; dodo. no, no!; dear, ne::tr; duE', new; ~layed, plane; Ted, ten; crowd, crown; side, sign; lord, lawn;

cads, hens; wide, wine. dead, red; dank, rank; dun, run; dusty, rusty; docks, rocks; doom, room; doze, rose; dearly, reallt.' deep, lea; Dad, lad; dock, loc; dog, log; daisy, lazy; die, lie;

our, ure; food, fool; rude, rule; wed, well; wood, wo~ don, on; dies, eyes; deer, ear; dread, red; drear, rear; due, you; tired, tyre; toad, toe; called, call; cold, coal; gold, goal; seed, see; find, fine l ringed, ring; load, low. curls, girls; Rate, gate; coat, goat; coal. goal; cold. gold; crone, grown; crowned, ground; buck, bug; docks, do~s; lock, log. kick, chick; care, chair; suck, such; monk, munc ; Mark, march. cat, hat; carp, harp; cart. heart; calf. half; cork, hawk; Kate, hate; comb, home; cold, hold; coward. Howard; care, hair. cat, at; can, Anne; cup, up; Kate, eight; cage, age; cold, old; cowl. ow~; care, heir; crusty, rusty; crockery, rockery; clear, Lear; q~itk.' whIte; pork, paw; bank, bang-; Duke, due; fact, fat; seek, see; Sin ,

sing; milk, mill; work, were. goose, juice; go,/oe;jug,judge. agog, a gong; a og, along; bag, bang; rigging, ringing. gun, one; good, wood; gate, wait; gave, wave; guide, wide. tate, eitht; gold, old; ground, round; glove, love; glare, lair.

each, eats; catch, cats. cheese, trees; chick. trick; chill, trill; chain, train. chin, gin; chill,Jill; choose,juice; chain,Jane; choice, Joyce; cheers,

d3/dz d3/dr flv f/6

f/s

f/h

fjw

f/-

v/lj viz vim vir v/w v/­e/a el'

Gin 8/-

ai' alz air all 01-

sjz

slS s/h s/-

z/­Slsk Slsj II-

Jeers. a~~, aids; hedge, heads.

1'1' drill ;Jug, drug. fai . va e; fairy, vary; off, of; leaf, leave. Finn. thin; fought, thought; first, thirst; fear, Thea; free, three; Fred, thread; oaf, oath; reef, wreath; laugh, lath. fell, sell; four, saw; fur, sir; fail, sail; foil, soil; found. sound; fear, seer; fairer, Sarati';aln~ce. feet, heat; fens, hens; felled, held; fat, hat; fog, hog; fur, her; fire, righer; found, hound; fowl, howl; fear, here; fair, hair; fairy, hairy;

ew, Hur,h. fell, wel; fall, wall; full, wool; fur, were; fire, wire; fine, wine; fairy, waty. feet, eat; fit, it; fat, at; for, or; fall. all; fur, er ... ; fern, urn; fowl, owl; fair, heir; fly, lie; oaf, oh!; calf, car; loaf, low. varies, the~ -ave, gaze. glove, glum; vice, mice; vary, Mary. vest, rest; vain, rain; vale. raIl. vest, west; verse, worse; vale, whale; viper, wiper; vary, wary. vice, ice; wave, way. ~ethe; mouth, mouth; wreath, wreathe. thick, siek; thing, sing; thumb, sum; thong, song; path, pass; faith, face; mouth, mouse; wraith, race; youth, use. thug, hug. thin, in; Thea, ear; thrash, rash; thread, red; throw, row; earth, er ... ; oath, oh!; both, bow; bath, bar; teeth, tea; tooth, two; sixteenth, sixteen; youth, you. tIie'SC,Sees; they, say; there are stairs, Sarah stares. writhe, rise; breathe, breeze; teethe, teas; soothe, Sue's; bathe, bays. that, rat; though, row; there, rare. they, lay; though, low; there, lair. these, ease; that, at; though, oh!; their, heir; teethe, tea; soothe, Sue; bathe, bay. --

te, eyes; use (noun), use (verb); pence, pens; dance, dams; fence, ens; S.ue, zoo; loose, lose.

see, she; sips, ships; sock, shock; Sue, shoe; sow, show. see, he; sirJier; soil, Hoyle; soap, hope; sound, hound; seer, here. use, you; worse, were; ice, eye; Joyce, Joy; fierce, fear; beast, beat; docks, dock; coast, coat; guest, get; six, sick. zoo, ooh!; eyes, eye; sees, sea; choose,cIieW; nose, no; rose, row. shy, sky; shout, scout j sure, skua. shoot, suit. shawl, all; ty , eye; show, oh t; shower, our; shout, out; share, heir; Welsh, we .

95

m/n mll

m/w m/-

nh n/r nil

n/-

rll

r/w

r/h

r/-

I/j I/w

1/-

h/j hlw

h/-

j/w l/­w/-

96

tempt, tent; comb, cone; sum, sun; mice, nice; warm, warn. comb, coal; munch, lunch; Mark, lark; mast, last; Maud, lord; moose, loose; may, lay; make, lake; mare, lair; room, rule; home, hole; warm, wall. may, way; make, wake; mare, wear. time, tie; tramp, trap; smooth, soothe; march, arch; mice, ice; Rome, row; worm, were. garden, guarding, thin; thing; heron, herring. nest, rest; gnat, rat; nqn, fun; not, rot; nose, rose; near, rear. urn, earl; don, doll; cone, coal; chin, chill; fen, fell; faun, fall; fine, file; phone, foal; vain, vale; not, lot; near, leer; warn, walL -­bone, bow; dine, die; can't, carti garden, guard; golden, gold; grown, grow; faun, four; fern, fur; friend, Fred; summon, summe~; never, ever; hunt, hut; line, lie; lion, liar. ray, play,; proud, ploughed; grass, glass; read, lead; reef, leaf; rot, ot; rock, lock; rook, look; royal, loyal; row, low; rout, lout; rear,

leer; rare, lair; heron, Helen. rich, witch~ red, wed; rest, west~ wren, when~ run, one; rail, whale; ride, wide; rare, wear. red, heai; rat, hat; rot, hot; rope, hope; roll, hole; round, hound; rear, here; rare, hare. brand, band; break, bake; tree, tea; try, tie; dread, dead; drown, down; drear, dear; crock, cock; crone, cone; crowd, cowed; great, gate; grow, go; fright, fight; rich, itch; rat, at; ranker, anchor; race, ace; rise, eyes; rear, ear; rare, heir. lot, yacht; lawn, yawn; loose, use (noun); lose, use (verb). leap, weep; leather, weather; lawn, warn; lurk, work; lay, way; lake, wake; lie, why; liar, wire; lair, wear. ----all, or; people, peep; Paul, paw; plane, pain; battler, batter; butler, butter; black, back; toil, toy; towel, tower; cowl, cow; clap, cap; goal, go; fall, four; fleet, feet; flat, fat; floor, four; slips, sips; royal, Ray; roll, row; real, rear; leave, Eve; leg, egg; ladder, adder; lasses, asses; label, able; loaf, oaf; lair, heir; Waiter, water; wild, wide. hello, yellow; help, yelp; hack, yak; hard, yard; hot, yacht; ::,::ho, you. he, we; head, wed; hawk, walk; her, were; hate, wait; high, w-r;:y;­higher, wire; hair, wear. heat, eat; He1en, Ellen; Hannah, Anna; harbours, arbours; hearty, arty; hate, ei ht; hold, old; hear, ear; hair, heir; Hugh. you; Hugo, you go; whic , witch). yacht, what; yawn, warn. due, do; fuel, fool. ~n; quick, kick; quite, kite; witch, itch; wall. all; were, er ... ; wait, eight; wear, heir.