MICHAEL EBORDA ALEGRE

PROPONENT

AR. IAN KENNETH C. ORASA

SPECIALIZATIONS 2 ADVISER

8/24/2015

2015CAMALIGAN 2030

INTRODUCTION

Camaligan is a fifth class municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2010 cen- sus, it has a population of 22,254 people.[3] With an area of 468.8 hectares (1,158 acres), it is the smallest munici- pality in Camarines Sur, but it is the densest, having 4755 persons per square kilometer, which is almost twice the density of the Naga City.

1 Barangays

Camaligan is politically subdivided into 13 barangays.[2]

• Gogon-Dugcal

• Marupit

• San Francisco

• San Jose-San Pablo (Poblacion)

• San Juan-San Ramon (Poblacion)

• San Lucas (Poblacion)

• San Mateo (Poblacion)

• San Marcos (Poblacion)

• San Roque

• Santo Domingo (Poblacion)

• Santo Tomas (Poblacion)

• Sua-Tampac

• Tarosanan

2 History

The origin of the town and its name can be traced back to the early settlers of the place. Known as the “Canoadores” (Certadores) to the early Spanish coloniz- ers who came to the place in the early Seventeenth Cen- tury (17th), the settlers cut timbers from nearby moun- tains located upriver or around San Miguel bay area and made this as their form of living. Out of these timbers they hewed out canoes or “bancas” which they stored un- der small sheds or huts. Later, when these sheds became abundant in the area, as they were made the permanent dwelling places by these canoe makers, the place was

called “CAMALIGAN” from the word “KAMALIG” or shed, a place where so many “Kamalig” are found. The sheds served to shelter the canoe makers and protect their boats from the natural elements. Hence, the name and origin of the town is historically tied to the river and its early inhabitants.The original settlement was considered a religious visita of Nueva Caceres, which was then under its ecclesiasti- cal jurisdiction. On the 5th of June 1775, a petition to the Spanish religious authorities was sent by the natives and signed by the supposedly officials of the place, to re- quest for a resident curate. The officials’ names were: Andre Casa, Diego, Lobao, Simeon de la Cruz, Manuel del Espiritu Santo, Fernando Valenzuela, Agustin del Es- piritu Santo, Marcos David, Domingo Flores, Pedro Ne- gre, Bartolome Rodriguez and Valentine de los Santos.The official establishment of the municipality is in year 1902 through an act of the Philippine legislature. It also named Pedro Bustamante as the first (1st) Munici- pal Mayor. This event of the creation of the Municipality of Camaligan was brought about by a historical fact when Camaligan was eventually separated from being as annex town to Nueva Caceres now Naga City.The people of Camaligan derived their socio-cultural identity as river people from the existence of the river. Bicol River is an important resource for irrigation and fertilization of the land where agriculture and fishing is still considered as a major industry. The place’s festivals, songs and dances found their roots and inspiration from the river. Hence, it could be said that the river ecology has bred its own distinct community.

3 Demographics

4 Educational institutions

• Camaligan National High School

• Camaligan Central School

• Sua Elementary School

• Dugcal Elementary School

• San Roque Elementary School

• Marupit Elementary School

• San Francisco-Tarosanan Elementary School

OBJECTIVES:

Protect & Save the Rivers . Do not let your sewer drain into the river.Build your riverbank protection with a built-in gutter system. Reforest within Ten Years 

As of the year 2013, the Philippine rivers continue to be the #1 sewer system in the Philippines.

The government from the barangay level to the Regional level has embarked on several yearly projects to clean the river. These projects in most instances have served more as political campaign and ego enhancement for government officials to boost their careers.

There is one fact that everybody knows from young children to old men and women; Nature cleans itself. Yes it does. In the case of the Philippines, mother natures tries very hard. We all know that every year during the rainy season the floods cleanses the river systems of the Philippines. This is a yearly purge that Mother nature does. But it does not stay clean for long.

The political leaders and top-notch government officials, usually right before the rainy season comes along (last week of April), will go on a campaign to clean the rivers. Plenty of volunteers, clubs, associations will be involved. There will be lots of picture taking and publication. They will do some work knowing full well that Mother Nature will be right behind to clean-up the rest. The rainy season in the Philippines starts in May.

This effort by the government to clean the the rivers in a way is "good". But it is also bad because it only shows the people that it is OK to pollute, because we, the government will be there to clean up after you. More effort should be put into the campaign for education and enforcement of the law.

The efforts of these leaders are good and all mean well, but they do not solve the problem. Because right after the clean-up efforts the people (including some of those who volunteered) go back to their old bad habits of throwing their garbage in the river and flushing their sewers into the gutters that empty into the Rivers. This continues on and on and on. Then the following year the government officials campaign again to clean the rivers and the cycle repeats itself.

When will they ever learn.

▪ Degraded ecosystem along the Bicol River will be rehabilitated and restored

▪ Improved agricultural and fishery productions using organic farming system and otherenvironmental best practices.

▪ Elevated population of priority native aquatic species

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

Most developed countries spend millions of dollars in their sewer filtration systems. The Philippine Government is fully aware of what is going on. They create the laws to "protect" the environment. The implementation of these laws in now a different story.

Here are some of the laws for you to look at:

REPUBLIC ACT No. 1383

AN ACT CREATING A PUBLIC CORPORATION TO BE KNOWN AS THE NATIONAL

WATERWORKS AND SEWERAGE AUTHORITY.

REPUBLIC ACT No. 3597

AN ACT AMENDING CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT NUMBERED THIRTEEN

HUNDRED EIGHTY-THREE, ENTITLED "AN ACT CREATING A PUBLIC CORPORATION TO

BE KNOWN AS THE NATIONAL WATERWORKS AND SEWERAGE AUTHORITY"

Republic Act No. 9275

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A COMPREHENSIVE WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND FOR

OTHER PURPOSES

III. MATERIALS AND METHODS

Solution to the Sewer System and Salvation of the Water Systems of the Philippines.

There is a law in the Philippines that protect the river banksDENR Administrative Order No. 97-05: In the interest of the service and in order to promote ecological balance and protection of the environment, the provisions of R.A. No. 1273, P.D. No. 705 (as amended ) and P.D. No. 1067 shall be strictly implemented.

The Solution to the problem:

1. Building Codes:

1. Apartments, condominiums, commercial buildings, subdivisions must have a septic system with

leach lines. If leach lines are not possible then the septics must be drained to a common area for

processing. The lines must never be drained into the sewer system of the city, unless the city

has a sewer rehabilitation pond already in operation.

2. The contractors or developers must come up with a plan that addresses the problem of sewer and

septic before the city/municipality can grant him/her the permit.

3. If the development is in an area where the city/municipality does not have a sewer system in

line, the developers must come up with a plan that will include the creation of a receiving pond

to treat the sewer and septic drainage.

2. Polluted Rivers in urban and partially urban areas:

Most rivers in urban areas already have their river banks cemented (riprap) to protect the buildings that are

built next to it. Most of these buildings if not all have their sewer systems drain right into the river. This

is already an accepted practice in the Philippines. But there is a cure for this.

How to correct the River Sewer System

1. Install culverts within the "riprap" of the riverbanks or beside it. The culverts will be the main gutter system of the community. The community's sewer will flow into this gutter system which will empty out down river into a designated pond for treatment and then later released back to the sea or used for irrigation.

2. Install an open gutter alongside the "riprap". The sewer of the community will be drained into this open gutter alongside the riprap and since it follows the flowing level of the river the sewage will flow very easily.

Actually this open gutter system will work much better since it will be easier to maintain and cost less to

build.

This is just an example:

1. Many communities in the Philippines already have a built in gutter system and most of them drain into the nearby river, lake or sea. For those that drain their gutters into the rivers, option #2 will be a quick solution.

2. The task to build this new system will start from the main river source and build it slowly down river. In order for this system to start, the barangay leaders must meet and approve this project at the barangay level. The approval must be first, then the funding will come. The barangay must pass a resolution to have such a project. The money may not come immediately from the top level authorities but it will in the future. The money will never come if the project initiative is not approved first at the barangay level.

3. For those barangays whose rivers are already too polluted, it is not too late. Actually it is never too late. For those barangays whose rivers are still pristine and clean, keep it that way. If your leaders do not take the precaution to protect your rivers, it will be just a matter of time when your rivers will also be polluted.

4. Start this campaign with the youth. Contact your Barangay SK Chairman. From there your SK Chairman can contact the SK Federation President. This way your municipality/city will be aware of your endeavor. Then all the barangays in the municipality/city can follow your quest.

To whoever is reading this, approach your barangay leaders and talk to them about this project. The

"naysayers" will always tell you that the City or Municipality must first look into this situation. Do not

depend on the city/municipality planners to act for your barangay's behalf. The initiative must first come

from the barangay level. You must create the NEED. Once the NEED is there, the big-wigs government

officials will start to listen, then funding will come.

A. Ecosystem Management

The disturbed surface areas along the bicol river embankment will be planted with native

grasses and fast growing native plants such as anabiong (Trema orientalis), malubago

(Hisbiscus tiliaceus), anislag (Securinega flexuosa), alim (Melanolepis multiglandulosa),

hagimit (Ficus minahasse), and Hawili (Ficus variegate) among others. Planted trees will

eventually serve as habitat for faunas and will provide economic benefits to the local

communities in the long run.

Bamboo barriers will be constructed, this will slow down water current that will pass

through the barriers, and will give chance for the sediments to settle down along the river

bank. Also, planting of aquatic native plant species such as water hyacinth along the

barriers will absorbed pollutants and will also serve as breeding ground for various fishes

species in the area. Through time when the water hyacinths reach its maturity it will be

removed/harvested to rid off the absorbed pollutants.

Community volunteer will also be organized to look over and maintain the established

bamboo barriers and planted trees. This will also assure the sustainability of the project.

Improvement of solid waste management will also be prioritized clean up and other alike

activities will be implemented.

B. IEC

The technical staff of EDMERO will conduct training and seminars regarding RA 9003

also known as the Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, Disaster preparedness and

Climate Change. This will basically enhanced the knowledge and level of awareness of

the communities living along the Bicol River. The EDMERO will provide materials

necessary in the information dissemination such as brochures or pamphlets. Though,

assistance from the concerned LGUs such as man power might be requested.

C. Enterprise Development

Handicrafts will be a viable choice for livelihood. Water hyacinth that will be planted

along the barriers will be harvested and converted into various handicrafts such as bag,

matt, holder etc. The livelihood training/s will be given to those affected communities.

The dredging operations shall also support hollow blocks making and other sand and

gravel business in the area. Only the heavily silted areas shall be scheduled for dredging

so as not to disrupt ecological balance along the Bicol River.

River Fishway Assessments

A subsequent sampling program will determine whether constructed fishways are allowing passage of a full range of size classes and species of fish, reducing accumulations of fish downstream of the barrier and contributing to positive changes in the abundance and diversity of native fish in the river. Fish are collected using boat electrofishing and large individuals of key species such as cod, golden perch and carp are tagged and then released after being identified and measured.

Samples of fish communities are being taken both before and after fishway construction and will be combined with a micro-chipping project to determine whether fish are successfully negotiating any fishways that are constructed. Fishway optimisation tests will also be performed that will determine whether modifications can be made to future fishway installations to make them more efficient.

Sample of fish harvesting.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Physical changes

At the height of project implementation, the streets beside the river were cleaner. Residents participated in the clean-up; practiced waste segregation and wastes weredisposed in designated garbage bins. Thecleanliness of the neighborhood wasmaintained for about three months but not for long. Old habits refused to die; someresidents began dumping mixed wastes in vacant lots, main roads and creeks.Stallholders in the public market stopped practicing waste segregation as observed by weekly collection in the pick up points. Others burned wastes in their backyard.

Institutional impact

The coordination of the barangay LGU with local government agencies improved. The DENR and other organizations conducted seminars regarding the maintenance and development of the said projects.

Community impact

People in the community will gain income due to the production of fish farms. The municipality will be beautified, riverside parks will be implemented and the river itself will become a tourist attraction. Stalls and other commercial spaces will grow along with the project producing greater income and economic growth to the municipality. Sewage and drainage systems will more developed and properly installed.

V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Sewer or Water Filtration System

Sewage collection and treatment is typically subject to local, state and federal regulations and standards. Treating wastewater has the aim to produce an effluent that will do as little harm as possible when discharged to the surrounding environment, thereby preventing pollutioncompared to releasing untreated wastewater into the environment.

It is recommended to undergo the sewage system to it’s three stages, called primary, secondary and tertiary treatment.

Primary treatment consists of temporarily holding the sewage in a quiescent basin where heavy solids can settle to the bottom while oil, grease and lighter solids float to the surface. The settled and floating materials are removed and the remaining liquid may be discharged or subjected to secondary treatment. Some sewage treatment plants that are connected to a combined sewer system have a bypass arrangement after the primary treatment unit. This means that during very heavy rainfall events, the secondary and tertiary treatment systems can be bypassed to protect them from hydraulic overloading, and the mixture of sewage and stormwater only receives primary treatment.Secondary treatment removes dissolved and suspended biological matter. Secondary treatment is typically performed by indigenous, water-borne micro-organisms in a managed habitat. Secondary treatment may require a separation process to remove the micro-organisms from the treated water prior to discharge or tertiary treatment.Tertiary treatment is sometimes defined as anything more than primary and secondary treatment in order to allow rejection into a highly sensitive or fragile ecosystem (estuaries, low-flow rivers, coral reefs,...). Treated water is sometimes disinfected chemically or physically (for example, by lagoons and microfiltration) prior to discharge into a stream, river, bay, lagoon or wetland, or it can be used for the irrigation of a golf course, green way or park. If it is sufficiently clean, it can also be used for groundwater recharge or agricultural purposes.

Simplified process flow diagram for a typical large-scale treatment plant

Process flow diagram for a typical treatment plant via subsurface flow constructed wetlands (SFCW)

Fish farming

Fish farming is the principal form of aquaculture, while other methods may fall under mariculture.

It involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food.

A facility that releases juvenile fish into the wild for recreational fishing or to supplement a species' natural numbers is generally referred to as a fish hatchery.

Fish species raised by fish farms include salmon, catfish, tilapia, cod and others.Basically, there are two kinds of aquaculture: extensive aquaculture based on local photosynthetical production and intensive aquaculture, in which the fishes are fed with external food supply.

Continous fish production will gave economic growth to the municipality. It is advisable to have a regularly check and upgrading of facilities.

Rehabilitation of the river and riversides

The overall objective of the rehabilitation is to improve environmental management particularly with waste-water management and urban renewal to keep flood waters out during rainy season to prevent major areas of the city from flooding; this is coming under great controversy as the people living around Bicol River would have to deal with flooding.

VI. REFERENCES

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehabilitation_of_the_Pasig_River http://www.zamboanga.com/z/index.php?

title=Sewer_Systems_of_the_Philippines#Solution_to_the_Sewer_System_and_Salvation_of_the_Water_Systems_of_the_Philippines

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatment http://www.finterest.com.au/natives-and-introduced/carp-harvesting-and-disposal-at-murray-

river-fishways/ http://www.slideshare.net/jackryan68/sustainable-social-and-economic-development-ideas-for-

business-investment-revitalization-and-tourism-promotion-in-naga-city