CAM Magazine September 2008 – Insurance / Bonding, Renovation / Restoration

8/14/2019 CAM Magazine September 2008 Insurance / Bonding, Renovation / Restoration

1/72Yluv1 LOGKDGM LDNÊ^T ôgcxe{ok egk Ozyegkok Fe~gomdo Ldn~e~t Vo~xov Go} Yu~ycvo

VOY[O@NO^ >99: XCL' >4 GC' 4 +;'99

X C D F O C H [ J O F C G V [ ^ _ F [ D C G D G K _ V [ ^ T

DG [JDV DVV_ODG [JDV DVV_O

DGV_ÊGFO#

NCGKDGM@egemdgm [cketDgvu~egfo @e~bo{ eg

^dvb @egemoòg

DGV_ÊGFO#

NCGKDGM@egemdgm [cketDgvu~egfo @e~bo{ egk^dvb @egemoòg

ôgcxe{dcg Efjdoxov

Kuel Yle{dgu` LOOK

Fo~{dhdfe{dcg

BOOYDGM JDV[C^TELDXO EGK ]OLL

[jo ônd~{j cNc{vhc~k Dg

BOOYDGM JDV[C^TELDXO EGK ]OLL

[jo ônd~{j cNc{vhc~k Dgg

[ebdgm e

Jdv{c~dfel LOOK

[ebdgm e

Jdv{c~dfel LOOK


2/72

[jo [~ogk @dll}c~b M~cuy ch Fc`yegdov_gdcg @eguhef{u~o~v Vdgfo 548;

Ldgfclg Ye~b, @dfjdmeg # Ko{~cd{, @dfjdmeg]dgkvc~, Cg{e~dc, Fegeke

VOY[O@NO^@OEGVNEFB [CFLEVV'

]JCNO[[O^[JEG[ OGK [CVFJCCL [JOFC@YO[D[DCG

CG [JOV_NAOF[ CHF_V[C@E^FJD[OF[_^EL ]CCK]C^B3


3/72

Uueld{t, Ehhc~kendld{t

Le~mo òkdfel ozyogvov feg no hdgegfdellt koxev{e{dgm' [je{v }jt tcu~ Evvcfde{dcg

vycgvc~v {jo FE@ Nogohd{ Y~cm~e` hc~ tcu egk tcu~ o`ylctoov'

Nt fc`ndgdgm cu~ ~ovycgvdxo lcfel fled`v vo~xdfo }d{j cu~ go} òkdfel dgvu~egfo fe~~do~,

@ekdvcg Ge{dcgel Ldho, tcu gc} jexo eg cyyc~{ugd{t {c volof{ e hull e~~et ch o`ylctoo nogohd{v1

^cn ]el{o~v FE@ Ek`dgdv{~e{dxo Vo~xdfovYjcgo1 >;:'>66'>55; Hez1 >;:':>='>55>Oèdl1 ~}el{o~vIfeèkv'fcÈk&5

[jo FE@ Nogohd{ Y~cm~e` dv ugko~}~d{{og nt

egk Vcldky~c{of{dcg

M~cuy Dgvu~egfo

@okdfel YYC ^Z K~um Fe~k Kog{el YYC Ldho

Go} ê{ov hc~ >99:%Fell uv {cket hc~ y~dfdgm egk hu~{jo~ ko{edlv


4/72; F E @ @E M EQ DG O V OY [ O@ N O^ > 9 9: Xcdfo Ch [jo Fcgv{~uf{dcg Dgkuv{~t

HOE[_ÔV

5; Veho{t [ccl Bd{ (FE@Veho{t_yke{o

58 Cg {jo Acnvd{oNdlkdgm e N~dkmo {c No{{o~ Joel{jfe~o

DGV_ÊGFO#NCGKDGM

>> Gexdme{dgm [cketvDgv~egfo egkNcgk @e~bo{

>8 [jo Oxcl{dcg ch^dvb @egemoòg{

X C D F O C H [ J O F C G V [ ^ _ F [ D C G D G K _ V [ ^ T

ÔGCXE[DCG#ÔV[CÊ[DCG

69 @ebdgm Jdv{c~t e{ [jo Fj~dv{ègFc`yegtv Go} Joekue~{o~vôgcxe{dcg Efjdoxov Kel

Yle{dg` LOOK Fo~{dhdfe{dcg

;> ônc~g Nc{vhc~k Dgg Vo~xov

Go} @dvvdcgFc`yloòg{dgm Nc{vhc~k Jcvyd{elv

V{e{o-ch-{jo-E~{ Fegfo~ Fog{o~

FCGV[^_F[DCG JDMJLDMJ[

;: Logkdgm Ldn~e~tôgcxe{ok egk Ozyegkok

Fe~gomdo Ldn~e~t Vo~xov Go} Y~ycvo

KOYE^[@OG[V: Dgkuv{~t Go}v

55 FE@ Ozyc _yke{o

?; Y~ckuf{ Vjc}fevo

89 Yocylo dg Fcgv{~uf{dcg

8= FE@ ]olfcòv Go} @o`no~v

8: Nuto~v Mudko _yke{ov

84 Fcgv{~uf{dcg Felogke~

=9 Ekxo~{dvo~v Dgkoz


5/72

DGV_ÊGFO( NCGKDGMMogo~el Dgvu~egfo Vu~o{t Ncgkv

55=? ]ov{ Lcgm Lebo ^k' Vud{o >99 [~ct, @D ;:94:

>;:-:>:-66==Hez >;:-:>:-;>49 - Ncgkdgm

>;:-:>:-6=;5 - Dgvu~egfo

o-èdl1``dllo~Ix{fdgv'fc`

}}}'x{fdgv'fc`

Kol Xelog{d

Ncn [~cnofEl Fjegklo~@dbo @dllo~Deg Kcgelk

^ck Me}ol

[d` C@ellotAco @fDg{t~oBe{jt D~oleg[c` Vbqe

Aevcg @fLollegk

Aohh Fjegklo~Ad` NclegkAldo ^c~boBog Nclegk

[o~ove Fevot

[c` @c~~dvMe~t A' Nommv

ÔYÔVOG[DGM


6/728 F E @ @E M EQ DG O V OY [ O@ N O^ > 9 9: Xcdfo Ch [jo Fcgv{~uf{dcg Dgkuv{~t

Y_NLDVJO^ Boxdg G' Bcojlo~

OKD[C^ Eègke @' [efbo{{

FCG[^DN_[DGM OKD[C^ O' Ko}ot Ld{{lo

EVVCFDE[O OKD[C^V @e~t O' B~o`ycvbtKexdk ^' @dllo~

Y^CK_F[DCG KDÔF[C^ @e{{jo} A' Euv{o~ègg

MÊYJDF KOVDMG @e~fd L' Fj~dv{deg

KDÔF[C^ CH @E^BO[DGM M~omm E' @cg{c}vbd

EFFC_G[ OZOF_[DXO Fe{jt E' Acgov

KDÔF[C^VCHHDFO^V

Fjed~èg Aohh~ot ]' Fcjoo,H~egb ô}clk ( Vcg, Dgf'

Xdfo Fjed~èg ^dfb A' Fdegob,H~efc Y~ckuf{v

Xdfo Fjed~èg [ok F' @fMdglot,

Mu{jo~do Lu`no~ Fc'[~oevu~o~ ^cno~{ A' @dfjdol{{d A~',

@dfjdolu{{d N~cv', Dgf'

Y~ovdkog{ Boxdg G' Bcojlo~

KDÔF[C^V V{oyjog A' Emo~,V{oyjog Eumo~ " Evvcfde{ov E~fjd{of{v

N~deg A' N~g{,N~ug{ Evvcfde{ov

Aeòv F' Feyc,Ko@e{{de M~cuy

N~deg K' Bdlot,Okmo}cck Olof{~df, Dgf'

^' Egk~o} @e~{dg,H'J' @e~{dg Fcgv{~uf{c~v

Acjg C-Godl, V~',]'A' C-Godl Fc`yegt

Mlogg O' Ye~xdg,F'E'V'V'

Aefuoldgo LeKbo ]el{o~v,LeKubo ^cchdgm ( Vjoo{ @o{el

@dfjdmeg Vcfdo{t chEvvcfde{dcg Ozof{dxov

>99>, >99;, >99? ( >99=Kde`cgk E}e~k

>996, >998 Jcgc~enlo @og{dcg

Mello~t ch Hdgo Y~dg{dgm

>99> N~cgqo E}e~k

@E^FC@ Dg{o~ge{dcgelF~oe{dxo E}e~kv

>99? Mclk E}e~k

[jo Fc``gdfe{c~Dg{o~ge{dcgel

Y~dg{ @okde Fc`yo{d{dcg

Cxo~ell Evvcfde{dcg @emeqdgo

@emeqdgo ]~d{dgm

FE@ @emeqdgo *DVVG9::6=::9$ dv yunldvjok `cg{jlt nt {jo Fcgv{~uf{dcg Evvcfde{dcg ch @dfjdmeg, ;6868 ]cck}

Exo', Y'C' Ncz 6>9;,Nlcc`hdolk Jdllv, @D ;:69>-6>9; *>;:$ 4=>-5999' +>;'99 ch egguel ò`no~vjdy kuov dv ellcfe{o

e vunvf~dy{dcg {c FE@ @emeqdgo' Ekkd{dcgel vunvf~dy{dcgv +;9'99 egguellt' Yo~dckdfel ycv{emo yedk e{ Nlcc`hdolk Jdllv

egk ekkd{dcgel èdldgm chhdfov' YCV[@EV[O^, VOGK EKKÔVV FJEGMOV [C1 FE@ @EMEQDGO, ;6868 ]CCK]E^K EX

NLCC@HDOLK JDLLV, @D ;:69>-6>9;'

Hc~ okd{c~del fc`òg{ c~ c~o dghc~è{dcg1 èmeqdgoIfe`-cgldgo'fc`'

Hc~ ~oy~dg{v c~ {c voll FE@ @emeqdgo1>;:-4=>-5999'

Fcyt~dmj{ >99: Fcgv{~uf{dcg Evvcfde{dcg ch @dfjdmeg' Ell ~dmj{v ~ovo~xok' ôy~ckuf{dcg dg }jclo c~ ye~{ }d{jcu

yo~`dvvdcg dv y~cjdnd{ok' FE@ @emeqdgo dv e ~omdv{o~ok {~ekoè~b ch {jo Fcgv{~uf{dcg Evvcfde{dcg ch @dfjdmeg'

>998

MÊYJDF KOVDMG _VE

E@O^DFEG DGJC_VO

KOVDMG E]E^K

]jog tcu jexo {c v}d` }d{j {jo vje~bvKcg{ mc d{ elcgo' E{ @fElydgo ( Evvcfde{ov,}o mudko cu~ fldog{v {j~cumj {~cunlok }e{o~v }d{j e`dz{u~o ch ozyo~dogfo, {ogefd{t egk emm~ovvdcg']o~o vyofdeldv{v dg fc`yloz nuvdgovv egkfcgv{~uf{dcg ld{dme{dcg'

[c vfjokulo efcgvul{e{dcg,fcg{ef{ uv e{>;:'6=6'6=99

}}}'`felydgole}hd~`'fc`


7/72

[jcuvegkv ch @dfjdmeg-nevok Ko{~cd{ Okdvcg egk K[O Ogo~mt }c~bo~v e~o kokdfe{ok

{c y~cxdkdgm tcu }d{j {jo loxol ch vo~xdfo egk koyogkendld{t tcuxo fc`o {c ozyof{

hc~ cxo~ e fog{u~t' Egk {je{ dgflukov kcdgm oxo~t{jdgm }o feg {c booy tcu veho'

]jo{jo~ tcu~o }c~bdgm c~ yletdgm, dh tcu~o cu{vdko, tcu gook {c no e}e~o ch yc}o~

ldgov egk excdk {jo`' Ovyofdellt dh tcu~o fe~~tdgm e lekko~ c~ }c~bdgm cg e ~cch'

Egk vjculk tcu oxo~ voo e kc}gok }d~o, booy tcu~ kdv{egfo egk fell uv d``okde{olt

e{ :99';==';=;='

Lccb uy'''v{et veho, excdk yc}o~ ldgov%

[ j o Y c } o ~ c h T c u ~ F c ` ` u g d { t o 0 K [ O


8/72: F E @ @E M EQ DG O V OY [ O@ N O^ > 9 9: Xcdfo Ch [jo Fcgv{~uf{dcg Dgkuv{~t

]etgo V{e{o _gdxo~vd{tFjccvov Ogo~mt Ohhdfdog{Ncdlo~ Vclu{dcg

]d{j {jo vje~y ~dvo dg fe`yv v{oe`fcv{v h~c` {jo kdv{~df{ v{oe` vyyldo~, {jo]etgo V{e{o _gdxo~vd{t *]V_$ Nce~k chMcxo~gc~v, {j~cmj d{v Hefdld{dov Yleggdgmegk @egemoòg{ Koye~{òg{, o`ne~bokcg e v{kt {c ~oxdo} cy{dcgv {c ~okfo d{vcyo~e{dgm fcv{v'

]V_ ogmemok {jo y~chovvdcgel vo~xdfovch KdFloòg{o-Vdomol Kovdmg E~fjd{of{v (Ogmdgoo~v, Vc{jhdolk, {c y~cxdko e hoevd- ndld{t v{kt fc`ye~dgm {jo f~~og{ egkh{~o fcv{v ch fe`yv v{oe`, ev fc`-ye~ok {c {jo c}gdgm egk cyo~e{dgm fcv{vhc~ d{v c}g ncdlo~ oudyòg{' [jo v{ktfcgflkok {je{ d{ }clk no fcv{ ohhof{dxo{c y~cfook }d{j d`yloòg{e{dcg ch ncdlo~

yleg{v *od{jo~ dgkdxdkel c~ flv{o~ yleg{v${c volh-mogo~e{o v{oe` ch jc{ }e{o~ hc~ ellgdxo~vd{t ndlkdgmv' Fevj hlc} egeltvdvh~c` {jo v{kt dgkdfe{ok fcv{ excdkegfoch +56? `dlldcg cxo~ 69 toe~v, }d{j e go{y~ovog{ xelo ch +;> `dlldcg'

]d{j ~ofc`ògke{dcgv h~c`

KdFloòg{o-Vdomol Kovdmg egk {jo evvdv-{egfo ch eg ev{{o {oe` ch y~caof{ ègemo-òg{ egk cyo~e{dcgv y~chovvdcgelv h~c`]V_, {jo kofdvdcg }ev èko {c y~cfook}d{j {jo +;6 `dlldcg y~caof{ dg{c fcgv{~f-{dcg'

[jo y~caof{ }og{ c{ hc~ ynldf ndk dg@e~fj >998 {c oudyòg{ vyyldo~v egkdgv{elldgm fcg{~ef{c~v }jc vof~ok fcg-{~ef{ e}e~kv {c y~cfook' [jo y~caof{ fc`-ylo{dcg cff~~ok k~dgm {jo >99=-9: joe{-dgm voevcg }d{j fccyo~e{dcg h~c` {jo f~-~og{ kdv{~df{ v{oe` y~cxdko~, }d{j ell vtv-{o`v dg cyo~e{dcg nt Aege~t =, >99:'Vtv{o`v dgflkok oudyòg{ ev h~gdvjok nt Floexo~-N~ccbv Fc`yegt ch@dl}eboo, ]D, elcgm }d{j {jod~ lcfel~oy~ovog{e{dxo K' A' Fcglot Evvcfde{ovDgf', [~ct' Dgv{elle{dcg }ev y~cxdkok ntKo@e~de Ndlkdgm Fc`yegt, Ko{~cd{2 Acjg O M~oog Fc`yegt, Jdmjlegk Ye~b2Ydyo Vtv{o`v, Dgf', [~ct2 egk ]' A' CGodl,Dgf', Ldxcgde' Ell ye~{dov }c~bok {cmo{jo~

{c fcllof{dxolt ekk~ovv fc``cg dvvoegk ogv~o v{oe` egk jc{ }e{o~ }e~oekt }jog gookok'

[jo y~caof{ fcgvdv{ok ch 69 dgkdxdkyleg{v ~ofodxdgm 84 v{oe` egk#c~ jc}e{o~ ncdlo~v jexdgm ogxd~cgòg{ellh~dogklt 69 yy` Lc} GCz *gd{~cmo

czdkov$ n~go~v xv' {jo dgkv{~t gc~` c599" GCz n~go~v, elcgm }d{j ell gofove~t ezdlde~t ncdlo~ ~cc` oudyòg{'

[jo endld{t {c fc`ylt }d{j v{~dgmogvyofdhdfe{dcg ~oud~oòg{v }jdlo y~cxdkdgm ueld{t, lcgm lev{dgm oudyòg{ }d{lc} cyo~e{dgm fcv{v egk lcfel vyycvo~xdfo egk ye~{v exedlendld{t ~ovl{ok d{jo oudyòg{ fjcdfo nt ]etgo V{e{_gdxo~vd{t'

^dfje~k O' @e~nu~mo~ Jcgc~ok}d{j Ogmdgoo~dgm Loeko~vjdy

E}e~kHc~ò~ Le}~ogfo [ofjgclcmdfe

_gdxo~vd{t Y~ovdkog{ egk Mogo~e@c{c~v ôvoe~fjo~ dv ôfdydog{ ch go}OVK Je~clk Vledmj{ Olldgm{cLoeko~vjdy E}e~k

Je~lot Olldv Koxo~oez, dg fcllenc~{dcg }d{j {jo Ogmdgoo~dgm Vcfdo{t cKo{~cd{ *OVK$, jev e}e~kok ^dfje~k O

D G K _ V [ ^ T G O ] V


9/72F E @ @E M EQ DG O V OY [ O@ N O^ > 9 9:Xdvd{ uv e{ }}}'fe`-cgldgo'fc`

@e~n~mo~, Yj'K' }d{j {jo dgem~el OVKJe~clk Vledmj{ Olldgm{cg Loeko~vjdy

E}e~k' Geòk eh{o~ {jo ge{dcgel kovdmghd~`v hcgko~, {jo e}e~k jcgc~v eg dgkd-xdkel }jc jev ko`cgv{~e{ok e fcg{dg-` ch c{v{egkdgm loeko~vjdy cg nojelh chOVK egk d{v fc``gd{dov' @e~n~mo~, eyev{ OVK y~ovdkog{, }ev jcgc~ok e{ {joc~megdqe{dcgv eggel e}e~kv neguo{ cgAgo 5>'

@e~n~mo~ jev vo~xok cxo~ ;> toe~v e{Le}~ogfo [ofjgclcmdfel _gdxo~vd{t dg nc{j {oefjdgm egk ek`dgdv{~e{dxo ~clov'Jo vo~xok ev y~ovdkog{ ch {jo gdxo~vd{th~c` 54== {c 5446, egk fcg{dgov {c xcl-

g{oo~ ev efeko`df ekxdvc~ egk {{c~' Jdvvfdog{dhdf fe~oo~ vyegv ?9 toe~v egkdgflkov {og~ov e{ Mogo~el @c{c~vôvoe~fj Lenc~e{c~dov, {jo Ed~ Hc~fo egkLe}~ogfo [ofj'

K~dgm jdv y~ovdkogft, @e~n~mo~ dgd{d-e{ok {jo ~o{~g ch m~eke{o y~cm~e`v {cLe}~ogfo [ofj egk lok {jo fjegmo ch v{e-{v h~c` eg dgv{d{{o ch {ofjgclcmt {c egdxo~vd{t dg 54:4' K~dgm jdv 5= toe~v}d{j {jo Mogo~el @c{c~v ôvoe~fjLenc~e{c~dov, jo èko ègt fcg{~dn-{dcgv {c {ofjgclcmt, dgflkdgm {jo koxol-cyòg{ ch Z-~et kdhh~ef{dcg {ofjgduov'

Ldbo Je~clk Vledmj{ Olldgm{cg, K~'@e~n~mo~v fcg{~dn{dcgv {c {jo dgkv-{~t, [jo Ogmdgoo~dgm Vcfdo{t, egk {jo fc`-`gd{t e~o ègt' Jo dv e mdh{ok {oefjo~egk òg{c~, egk }o folon~e{o jdv loeko~-vjdy {j~cmjc{ {jo kofekov, vedkKoggdv Bdgm, HEDE, Fjed~èg egk FOCch Je~lot Olldv Koxo~oez'

Je~clk Vledmj{ Olldgm{cg }ev olof{oky~ovdkog{ ch [jo Ogmdgoo~dgm Vcfdo{t chKo{~cd{ dg 546;' Olldgm{cg dv ~oò`no~okhc~ vexdgm {jo Vcfdo{t h~c` fclleyvo k~-dgm {jo M~oe{ Koy~ovvdcg' ]d{j cxo~ jelhch {jo Vcfdo{tv ò`no~v c{ ch }c~b,

Ydf{u~ok dg Yjc{c *h~c` loh{ {c ~dmj{$1 @dfjeol

Fccyo~, y~dgfdyel, Je~lot Olldv Koxo~oeuz2

^dfje~k O' @e~nu~mo~, y~ovdkog{ oò~d{uv,

Le}~ogfo [ofjgclcmdfel _gdxo~vd{t2

Lo}dv M' H~evfj, evvcfde{o koeg, Fcllomo ch

Ogmdgoo~dgm, Le}~ogfo [ofjgclcmdfel

_gdxo~vd{t'


10/7259 F E @ @ EM E QD G O V O Y[ O @N O ^ >9 9: Xcdfo Ch [jo Fcgv{~uf{dcg Dgkuv{~t

ò`no~vjdy yl`ò{ok egk {jo c~megqe{dcg hefok negb~y{ft' Olldgm{cg lo~ov{~f{~dgm egk hgk~edvdgm ohhc~{v {je~ovl{ok dg {jo hdgegfdel vyyc~{ ch {jêfbje` Ogmdgoo~dgm Hgk egk ozylcvdxo m~c}{j h~c` ?>6 ef{dxo ò`no~v d5469 {c >,648 dg 546:' Olldgm{cg vo~xo

{}c dgkoyogkog{ {o~`v ev y~ovdkog{ d546? egk emedg dg 54;8'

@e~n~mo~ dv {jo hd~v{ ~ofdydog{ ch {je}e~k' Jo }dll ~ofodxo eg jcgc~e~yleuo, egk Je~lot Olldv Koxo~oez }dèbo e fcg{~dn{dcg {c Le}~ogfo [ofjFcllomo ch Ogmdgoo~dgm dg jdv geò'

[jo Koe~ Ennt ch Fcgf~o{o1EVFF [~cunlovjcc{v Tcu~Y~cnlo`v

[~cnlovjcc{dgm Go}vlo{{o~ &?~ofog{lt ynldvjok nt {jo V{' Lcdv-nevo

Eò~dfeg Vcfdo{t ch Fcgf~o{o Fcg{~ef{c~*EVFF$, y~cxdkov vcl{dcgv {c y~cnloògfcg{o~ok nt EVFF fcg{~ef{c~ ò` no~v cg {jo acn' Fcg{~ef{c~v fell {EVFF [ofjgdfel Jc{ldgo, eg :99 g`noozflvdxolt hc~ EVFF ò`no~v, {c cn{edozyo~{ egv}o~v egk kcfòg{e{dcg {{jod~ uov{dcgv' Volof{ok jc{ldgo uo{dcgv e~o ynldvjok dg {jo nd-egg[~cnlovjcc{dgm Go}vlo{{o~'

Dgflkok dg {jdv dvvo e~o uov{dcgenc{ {~c}ol-hdgdvjdgm ed~-og{~edgok fcgf~o{o, vyelldgm ef~cvv m~ccxov, }je

f~efbv e~o effoy{enlo, egk fcggof{dgm {dly yegolv }d{j }olkok fcggof{dcgEgv}o~v ch{og fd{o EFD kcfòg{v egc{jo~ vc~fov hc~ h~{jo~ ~oho~ogfo'

Vo{v ch [~cnlovjcc{dgm Go}vlo{{o~v e~exedlenlo {c ò`no~v egk gcg-ò`no~Hc~ `c~o dghc~è{dcg, c~ {c c~ko~, fell {ch~oo 5-:88-=::->=>>' @ev{o~Fe~k, Xdvegk Eò~dfeg Ozy~ovv e~o effoy{okC~ko~v feg elvc no ylefok {j~cmj {jEVFF }onvd{o }}}'evffcgldgo'c~m'

[jo EVFF dv e gcg-y~chd{ c~megdqe{dckokdfe{ok {c ogjegfdgm {jo feyendld{dov c{jcvo }jc ndlk }d{j fcgf~o{o, egk {

y~cxdkdgm {jo` e gdhdok xcdfo dg {jfcgv{~f{dcg dgkv{~t' @o`no~v dgflkfcgf~o{o fcg{~ef{dgm hd~`v, èghef{o~v, vyyldo~v egk c{jo~v dg{o~ov{ok dg {jfcgf~o{o dgkv{~t, vfj ev e~fjd{of{vyofdhdo~v egk kdv{~dn{c~v' [jo~o e~eyy~czdè{olt 899 ò`no~ fc`yegdov d{jo _gd{ok V{e{ov egk hdxo hc~odmg fcg{~dov' Hc~ `c~o dghc~è{dcg cg {jo EVFxdvd{ {jo }onvd{o e{ }}}'evffcgldgo'c~c~ fell 65;-48>-9>59'

D G K _ V [ ^ T G O ] V

]o }dll {~oe{ tcu

ldbo e NDM HDVJ

dg e vèll ycgk'

Fc~gdvj, Qefb, Jdll ( Evvcfde{ov, Dgf'>;>>? ]' Gdgo @dlo ^k Vc{jhdolk, @D ;:966 *>;:$ 6?6-?:?9 *:::$ 6?6-?:?9

Ko{o~`dgdgm tcu~ gookvKo{o~`dgdgm tc~ gookv fclk no ev vd`ylo ev e yjcgo fell hc~ fldog{v }jc gook eudfb, f{ egk k~dok vcl{dcg {c {jod~ dgv~egfo egk v~o{t gookv' [jo ogk ~ovl{}dll no e fc`ylo{olt ~ovoe~fjok fv{c` dgv~egfo-v~o{t yefbemo'

E~o }o fc`yo{d{dxo3Tc no{fje% ]o fc`yo{o }d{j ge{dcgel n~cbo~v egk kd~of{ }~d{o~v' [jo v{ehh egknvdgovv dz ch Fc~gdvj, Qefb, Jdll ( Evvcfde{ov dv {jo ~dmj{ fc`ndge{dcg'

]o bgc} jc} {c mo{ d{ kcgo ohhdfdog{lt egk fcv{ ohhof{dxolt'

Tcu~ dgvu~egfo ycldft dv cglt ev mcck ev tcu~ dgvu~egfo emog{'

[je{v cu~ nc{{c` ldgo'

Vdgfo 54?>

5-:99-846-5:99

VELOV ÔG[ELV

OÔF[DCGV

VJC^DGM

V]DGM V[EMDGM

VFEHHCLK YLEGBV

HELL Y^C[OF[DCG

[ÊDGDGM

KOLDXO^T

VFEHHCLKDGM

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EGK

VEHO[T VO^XDFOV


11/72F E @ @ EM E QD G O V O Y[ O @N O ^ >9 9 : 5Xdvd{ uv e{ }}}'fe`-cgldgo'fc`

^cno~{ Nuvnt @o`c~del N~dkmo Y~caof{ Oe~gvY~caof{ ch {jo Toe~ E}e~k

Hdvjnofb, [jc`yvcg, Fe~~ ( Jno~, Dgf' *H[F(J$ Ogmdgoo~v,Vfdog{dv{v, E~fjd{of{v, Fcgv{~f{c~v dv jcgc~ok {c eggcgfo {je{{jo Eò~dfeg Ynldf ]c~bv Evvcfde{dcg, @dfjdmeg Fjey{o~ jeve}e~kok {jo Fd{t ch Legvdgmv ^cno~{ Nvnt @o`c~del N~dkmo

~oylefoòg{ {jo jcgc~ ch Y~caof{ ch {jo Toe~ dg {jo Jdv{c~dfelôv{c~e{dcg egk Y~ovo~xe{dcg fe{omc~t'H[F(J y~cxdkok kovdmg egk fcgv{~f{dcg ogmdgoo~dgm vo~xdf-

ov hc~ {jdv vyo~v{~f{~o ~oylefoòg{' [jo y~ov{~ovvok fcgf~o{o n~dkmo vyegv {jo M~egk ^dxo~ dg Legvdgmv jdv{c~df Clk [c}ggodmjnc~jcck' [jdv y~caof{ y~ovog{ok fjellogmov h~c` {jo nomdg-gdgm' Y~caof{ yo~vcggol jek {c cyo~e{o e~cgk jdv{c~df ndlkdgmhcgke{dcgv dg kd~of{ fcg{ef{ }d{j {jo n~dkmov en{òg{v,ekjo~o {c v{~df{ ~lov mcxo~gdgm fcgv{~f{dcg ef{dxd{dov {je{ ètel{o~ {jo godmjnc~jcckv fje~ef{o~, egk fcc~kdge{o }d{j {jo y~c- aof{v ègt v{ebojclko~v {c ogv~o vffovv' ôv{~df{dcgv ylefokcg {jo fcg{~ef{c~v cyo~e{dcgv nt {jo @dfjdmeg Koye~{òg{ chOgxd~cgòg{el Ueld{t *@KOU$ k~dgm fcgv{~f{dcg ~oud~okgomc{de{dgm }d{j {jo koye~{òg{ {c ellc} e yo~`d{ }edxo~, ell {jo

}jdlo booydgm {jo y~caof{ cg vfjoklo' Cg-{dò fc`ylo{dcg}ev f~fdel {c {jo fc``gd{t {c excdk dg{o~ho~dgm }d{j yfc`-dgm eggel Clk [c}g hov{dxelv'

Dg Voy{o`no~ >998, {jo go} vyo~v{~f{~o *fcgvdv{dgm ch {j~oo,89-hcc{ vyegv ch 68-dgfj, y~ov{~ovvok fcgf~o{o D-noe`v$ }ev fc`-ylo{ok egk cyog {c {jo ynldf' @egt vèll {cfjov fc`ylo{o {joydf{~o, dgflkdgm hoe{~ov fc`yloòg{dgm {jo v~~cgkdgmgodmjnc~jcck, vfj ev kofc~e{dxo n~dkmo ldmj{dgm, e vyd~el v{ed~-fevo {c {jo ~dxo~ }elb nolc}, egk fv{c`-èko, c~ge{o ~edldgmv'H[F(J }c~bok flcvolt }d{j {jo Clk [c}g Fc`ò~fdelEvvcfde{dcg, {jo xcdfo ch {jo goe~nt nvdgovv fc``gd{t, {c me{j-o~ dgy{ egk ldv{og {c ~ouov{v h~c` {jo ehhof{ok nvdgovvov egk~ovdkog{v' [jo fc`ndge{dcg ch fd{t loeko~vjdy, lcfel fc``gd{tdgxclxoòg{, egk fcg{~ef{c~ fccyo~e{dcg èko {jdv y~caof{ e

m~oe{ vffovv egk e vc~fo ch y~dko hc~ {jo fc``gd{t'

V{' Acjg Joel{j ]dgv Vdlxo~ E}e~kv hc~Fcgv{~uf{dcg Y~caof{ Veho{t

Egt le~mo-vfelo fcgv{~f{dcg y~caof{ feg no kegmo~cv' Nc{j dgye{dog{ fe~o egk cg {jo fcgv{~f{dcg acnvd{o, v{~df{ ekjo~ogfo {cveho{t mdkoldgov feg òeg no{{o~ c{fcòv hc~ ell fcgfo~gok'[je{v fo~{edglt {~o hc~ {jo fcgv{~f{dcg ch V{' Acjg Jcvyd{elegk @okdfel Fog{o~v *VAJ(@F$ Xeg Olvlegko~ Yexdldcg egkOò~mogft Fog{o~ ~ogcxe{dcg'

Y~dc~ {c {jo fcgv{~f{dcg, V{' Acjg Joel{j èko e nclk `cxo,egk evvòk ldendld{t hc~ }c~bègv fc`yogve{dcg hc~ {jo y~ca-

of{' [c kc {jdv, {jotf~oe{ok eg C}go~Fcg{~cllok Dgv~egfoY~cm~e` *CFDY$ egkjek {jo fcv{v uc{okhc~ {jo fcgv{~f{dcg}d{jc{ }c~bègvfc`yogve{dcg egkldendld{t' [jo V{e{o ch@dfjdmeg feg m~eg{eg CFDY {c e y~caof{}d{j e xelo ch +>?`dlldcg c~ `c~o'

Eh{o~ mo{{dgmV{oxo [o~{ol, Ad` Fclo, Le~~t N~dgbo~'

[jo Fcgv{~f{dcg Evvcfde{dcg ch @dfjdmeg dv ozfd{ok{c eggcgfo {jo folon~e{dcg ch {jo >?{j Eggel FE@Ozyc, {c no jolk cg Hon~e~t ;{j ( ?{j, >994 e{ {jo

^cfb Hdgegfdel Vjc}ylefo dg Gcxd' Vjc} jc~v }dll no59 e'`' {c 8 y'`' cg ]okgovket egk 4 e'`' {c ; y'`' cg[j~vket'

[c folon~e{o c~ >?{j Eggdxo~ve~t }o jexo ~o{~gok {c {jovjc}v c~dmdgel geò, FE@ Ozyc, h~c` Kovdmg (Fcgv{~f{dcg Ozyc'

[jo vjc} ~oèdgv e m~oe{ cyyc~{gd{t {c èbo go} nvdgovv fcg{ef{v' Ev eg ozjdnd{c~, tc feg y~c`c{o tc~ nvdgovv {c {jo fcgv{~f{dcg dgkv{~t' Ev eg e{{ogkoo, tcfeg fjofb c{ {jo go} oudyòg{, y~ckf{v egk vo~xdfov

{je{ e~o cg kdvylet egk exedlenlo {c tc'Elcgm }d{j c~ go} geò, }o jexo ekkok vcò go}

hoe{~ov {c {jo vjc}% [jo~o }dll no eg e~oe kokdfe{ok {cozjdnd{c~v }d{j ogxd~cgòg{ellt h~dogklt y~ckf{v egkvo~xdfov fellok M~oog Ndlkdgm Y~ckf{v Vjc}fevo2 efcg{~ef{c~v ~ofoy{dcg }dll hcllc} {jo Vyofdel Dvvo E}e~kv2}o }dll chho~ vyofdel eggdxo~ve~t y~dfdgm }d{j ~okfok ncc{j~e{ov2 {jo~o }dll no e h~oo +>?'99 Vyook}et mev fe~kmdxoe}et oxo~t jc~ dg {jo FE@ Ncc{j2 {jo~o }dll novycgvc~vjdyv exedlenlo hc~ ozjdnd{c~v {c {ebo ekxeg{emo chekkd{dcgel y~c`c{dcgel cyyc~{gd{dov2 egk }o }dll jexo ek~e}dgm hc~ e HÔO hll yemo, ;-fclc~ ekxo~{dvoòg{ dg FE@@emeqdgov Aege~t >994 Ozyc Dvvo' [jdv k~e}dgm }dll {eboylefo cg {jo dvvo koekldgo ch Gcxo`no~ 5;{j, egk }dll

dgflko ell Ozyc ozjdnd{c~v }jc jexo ~ovo~xok ncc{j vyefont {je{ {dò' Ncc{j vyefo ~ovo~xok eh{o~ Gcxo`no~ 5;{j }dllgc{ no oldmdnlo, vc ~ovo~xo oe~lt hc~ tc~ fjegfo {c }dg%

ô{~gdgm {c {jdv toe~v Ozyc }dll no E~fjd{of{~el Ellot2FE@v Eggel @oo{dgm jolk cg {jo hd~v{ ket ch {jo vjc}2FE@[OFv okfe{dcgel y~cm~e`v2 egk FE@ @emeqdgo }dllemedg jcgc~ {jo e~fjd{of{v egk mogo~el fcg{~ef{c~v ch {jo>99: Vyofdel Dvvo }d{j eg e}e~k fo~o`cgt cg {jo vofcgkket ch {jo vjc}'

]o jexo el~oekt v{e~{ok ~ovo~xdgm ncc{j vyefo' Egtc~megdqe{dcg dg{o~ov{ok dg ozjdnd{dgm vjclk fcg{ef{ ò e{>;:-4=>-5999'

_YKE[ONt ^cg ^domol


12/725> F E @ @ EM E QD G O V O Y[ O @N O ^ >9 9: Xcdfo Ch [jo Fcgv{~uf{dcg Dgkuv{~t

eyy~cxel cg {jo CFDY, Vbegvbe, L'V'N~dgbo~, egk V{' Acjg Jcvyd{el }c~bok{cmo{jo~ cg {jo Xeg Olvlegko~Yexdldcg#Oò~mogft Fog{o~ y~caof{v, jd~-dgm Ao~~t Kcggollt hll-{dò ev e veho{tchhdfo~' Kcggollt, e L'V' N~dgbo~ o`ylct-oo, jev }c~bok {d~olovvlt {c ogv~o veho{t,jclkdgm {cclncz {elbv cg veho{t dvvov,

y~cyo~lt {~edgdgm ell cg vd{o yo~vcggol,egk èdg{edgdgm e }e{fjhl oto cg egtkegmo~cv y~ef{dfov' Kcggollt elvc f~ok-d{v Ldno~{t @{el Lcvv Y~oxog{dcgvKcm @c~b{ hc~ y~cxdkdgm ozyo~{ fcg-vl{dgm vo~xdfov egk evvdv{dgm dg ~dvb~okf{dcg {j~cmj y~cxog veho{t y~cfovv-ov, ò{jckv egk ozyo~dogfo'

Acjg Beg{e~deg, veho{t chhdfo~ hc~

VAJ(@F, jev jolyok èdg{edg e veho}c~bylefo nt ogv~dgm {je{ gcg-fcgv{~f-{dcg yo~vcggol v{etok e}et h~c` }c~bqcgov egk nt booydgm {jo }c~b e~oevfloeg' Koggdv Nd{èg, VAJ lcvv fcg{~clfcc~kdge{c~, jev noog yloevok }d{j {johcfv cg veho{t' [jdv CFDY jev noog

oz{~oòlt vffovvhl, vedk Nd{èg' Gc{cglt jev d{ vjc}g e vdmgdhdfeg{ fcv{ vex-dgmv, n{ {jo }c~bo~v jexo noog m~oe{']d{jc{ {jo`, {jdv }clk gc{ jexo noogvffovvhl'

Ev e ~ovl{ ch {jo veho{t v{e{dv{dfv, V{'Acjg Joel{j ~ofodxok e Vdlxo~ E}e~k h~c`Ldno~{t @{el, {jo fc`yegt gko~}~d{-dgm {jo CFDY' [c ueldht hc~ {jdv e}e~k,yo~hc~ègfo `v{ no `c~o {jeg 89 yo~-fog{ no{{o~ {jeg N~oe ch Lenc~ V{e{dv{dfv*NLV$ ke{e' [jo VAJ y~caof{ jek av{ >'5dga~dov yo~ >99,999 jc~v, fc`ye~ok {c?'> dga~dov yo~ >99,999 jc~v }c~bok hc~{jo NLV v{e{dv{dfv' [jdv dv cglt {jo vofcgk{dò dg `t 69 toe~v }d{j Ldno~{t @{el{je{ D jexo jek {jo yloev~o ch y~ovog{dgm{jdv e}e~k, egk {jo hd~v{ hc~ eg CFDY,vedk @c~b{'

Nc{j fcgv{~f{dcg fc`yegdov dgxclxoke~o yloevok {c jexo noog ye~{ ch {jdv y~ca-of{' ]o jexo }c~bok ogklovvlt {c koxol-cy veho{t y~cfok~ov {je{ y~c{of{ c~ v{ehh

}jdlo cg vd{o, vedk Le~~t V' N~dgbo~, V~fjdoh ozof{dxo chhdfo~, L'V' N~dgboFc`yegt' D{ jev noog eg jcgc~ {c noye~{ ch {jo V{' Acjg y~caof{, egk d{v m~oe{c voo c~ kokdfe{dcg {c veho{t ~o}e~kok

Kexdk E' ôofo, EDE, vogdc~ xdfo y~ovkog{, Vbegvbe, em~oov' [jovo {}c y~c

of{v jexo noog oz{~oòlt vffovvhl kdg ye~{ {c {jo dghvdcg ch c~ Dga~t H~oOgxd~cgòg{ fl{~o dg ell ye~{dov }jye~{dfdye{ok dg {jo y~caof{, ôofo vedk[jo Vbegvbe N~dgbo~ y~caof{ {oe`}c~bok {d~olovvlt {j~cmjc{ {jo k~e

D G K _ V [ ^ T G O ] V

::: ]ov{ Ndm Noexo~ ^cek, Vd{o 5>99, [~ct, @dfjdmeg ;:9:;}}}'ceblegkfc`yegdov'go{

Cu~ Y~dè~t Fldog{ Mcelv1Y~c{of{ Tcu~ Evvo{v Fcg{~cl Tcu~ Fcv{v Y~cxdko Ozfoy{dcgel Vo~xdfo

DVC 49951>999Fo~{dhdok Fc'

CEBLEGK FC@YEGDOVDG[OM^D[T FC@@D[@OG[ VOF_^D[T

Yj *>;:$ 8;=->?99 Hez *>;:$ 8;=-;8:4

DGV_ÊGFO NCGKDGM

Jev{dgmv @u{uel Dgvu~egfo Fc`yegtJev{dgmv, @dfjdmeg M }}}'jev{dgmvù{uel'fc`

Kcum @c~bu{, V{oxo [o~{ol, Koggdv Nd{èg'

Vyoeb _y%[jo Okd{c~v ch FE@ @emeqdgo

dgxd{o fc`òg{v h~c`cu~ ~oeko~v'

Vogk tcu~ ~oè~bv {c1

FE@ @emeqdgo

;6868 ]cck}e~k Exo'

Y'C' Ncz 6>9;

Nlcc`hdolk Jdllv,@D ;:69>-6>9;

C~ oèdl uv e{1

okd{c~Ife`-cgldgo'fc`



{dcg ch {jo y~caof{ {c y~cxdko }c~bo~v}d{j e veho acnvd{o ell {jo }jdlo èdg{edg-dgm {jo veho{t ch {jo ye{dog{v, xdvd{c~v egkv{ehh ch {jo jcvyd{el' Veho{t, cg ègt acn-vd{ov, dv ch{og {ebog hc~ m~eg{ok' D{ dv hl-hdlldgm {c voo c~ {oe` ~ofcmgdqok hc~ e acn}oll kcgo'

[jo Xeg Olvlegko~ Yexdldcg }ev fc`-ylo{ok dg oe~lt Ago' Ell {j~oo yjevov ch{jo ~ogcxe{dcg ch {jo Oò~mogft Fog{o~e{ VAJ(@F }dll no fc`ylo{ok dgKofo`no~ >99:'

V{oyjog Eumo~ " Evvcfde{ovE~fjd{of{v Mcov {c ;-Ket]c~b}oob

V{oyjog Emo~ " Evvcfde{ov E~fjd{of{v*VE"E$, Lebo C~dcg, ~ofog{lt eggcgfok{je{ {jo hd~` jev vjdh{ok {c e ;-ket, 59jc~ e ket }c~b}oob' Hc~ {jo yev{ 59toe~v {jo hd~` jev {~ekd{dcgellt `cxok {ce ;-ket vfjoklo v{e~{dgm eh{o~ @o`c~delKet egk ogkdgm }d{j Lenc~ Ket' [jdvtoe~ jc}oxo~, }d{j jdmj mev y~dfov, {jo ;ket-59 jc~ vfjoklo èt ~oèdg dgohhof{ dgkohdgd{olt'

[jo lcgm-v{egkdgm ;-59 vfjoklo }evcgo ch {jo ~oevcgv VE"E E~fjd{of{v }evvolof{ok lev{ toe~ ev cgo ch F~edgv FcclYlefov {c ]c~b dg Ko{~cd{' ]jog }o

hd~v{ eyyldok {jo ;-59 dkoe, d{ }ev `c~o ceg ekkok o`ylctoo nogohd{ {c }c~bdg}d{j {jo hd~`' Gc}, }d{j mev y~dfov ejdmj ev {jot e~o egk v{ehh fc``{dgh~c` ev he~ e}et ev Ko{~cd{ egk Jcllt, av{ voo`v ldbo e `c~o y~ef{dfel vcl{dc{c fcv{ vexdgmv, vedk V{oxo Emo~, {j

hd~`v y~ovdkog{'Nt old`dge{dgm cgo }c~b ket yo~ }oo

{jo v{ehh e{cè{dfellt vexov >9/ cg hfcv{v' Ev e~fjd{of{v, }o jexo noog {~tdg{c vexo ogo~mt egk joly {jo ogxd~cgòg nt kovdmgdgm jdmj yo~hc~ègfo ndldgmv, n{ gc} }o~o kcdgm d{ nt gc{ }c~bdgm cg H~dketv' D {jdgb {je{v vcò{jdg}o ell feg {ebo ye~{ dg, vedk Fj~dv{cyjoEllo~, hd~` y~dgfdyel egk {jo fc`yegtfjdoh M~oog E~fjd{of{ egk LOOEff~okd{ok Y~chovvdcgel'

V{oyjog Emo~ " Evvcfde{ov E~fjd{ofdv e kovdmg-c~dog{ok e~fjd{of{~o egyleggdgm hd~`' [jod~ v{kdc, dg eg ekey{dxo ~ovo ch e fd~fe 5:8; ndlkdgm, dv d{jo jdv{c~df Xdllemo ch Lebo C~dcg' V{oxEmo~, {jo hd~`v y~ovdkog{, dv e ò`noch {jo Fcgv{~f{dcg Evvcfde{dcg c@dfjdmeg *FE@$ Nce~k ch Kd~of{c~v'

V{oyjog Eumo~ " Evvcfde{ov E~fjd{of{v chhdfodg kc}g{c}g Lebo C~dcg


14/72

Acvoyj @' Hc~muoKd~of{c~ ch Okufe{dcg

( Veho{t Vo~xdfov

VEHO[T [CCL BD[

5; F E @ @ EM E QD G O V O Y[ O @N O ^ >9 9: Xcdfo Ch [jo Fcgv{~uf{dcg Dgkuv{~t

Jexo tc oxo~ joe~k {jo ozy~ov-vdcg Qo~c Dga~t Y~cfovv av{

fellok QDY3 D{v noog e~cgk dg{jo veho{t }c~lk hc~ vcò {dò gc}, n{ghc~{ge{olt ègt yocylo av{ vj~m d{chh ev gc{ ldbolt {c jeyyog, vc }jt oxogkdvfvv d{' QDY egk eg dga~t-h~oo toe~ kcgc{ gofovve~dlt mc jegk-dg-jegk, ~e{jo~ d{dv e `dgkvo{ {je{ vetv, Egt dga~t, jc}-oxo~ `dgc~, dv gc{ effoy{enlo' [joy~cfovv d{volh dv nevok cg gdgo nov{ y~ef-{dfo {ogo{v vo{ c{ nt {jo Fcgv{~f{dcgDgkv{~t Dgv{d{{o' [jcvo {ogo{v e~o1

Ko`cgv{~e{ok @egemoòg{Fc``d{òg{

V{ehhdgm hc~ Veho{t Yleggdgm1 Y~o-y~caof{ egk Y~o-{evb Veho{t Okfe{dcg1 C~dog{e{dcg egk

Vyofdeldqok [~edgdgm

]c~bo~ Dgxclxoòg{ Oxele{dcg egk ôfcmgd{dcg#ô}e~

Vnfcg{~ef{ @egemoòg{ Effdkog{#Dgfdkog{ Dgxov{dme{dcgv K~m egk Elfcjcl [ov{dgm

[jovo v{oyv e~o ldv{ok dg {jo c~ko~ cjc} {jo koxolcyòg{ ch e veho{t dgd{de{dx`dmj{ {ebo ylefo2 {jot e~o gc{ gofovve~dly~dc~d{dqok' Ell e~o ouellt xd{el {c {jvffovv ch {jo y~cm~e`' [jo~o dv dgvhhfdog{ vyefo jo~o {c kdvfvv oefj ycdg{, n`c~o }dll hcllc}' Ekkd{dcgel dghc~è{dcfeg no cn{edgok nt xdvd{dgm1 }}}'fcgv{~f{dcg-dgv{d{{o'c~m' Dh tc jexo eg

uov{dcgv enc{ {jdv c~ egt c{jo~ veho{dvvo, tc feg el}etv hdgk ò e{jo ogk ch >;:-4=>-55;5 c~ ehc~moIfe`-cgldgo'fc`'

V E H O [ T [ C C L B D [

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FE@VEHO[Tjev ~ofog{lt jcv{ok Veho{tVo`dge~v chh-vd{o hc~ {jo hcllc}dgm fc`yegdov1

CVJE 59 Jc~ - Kegc Fcgv{~f{dcg, ^cmo ^dxo~ Fc`yloz Acnvd{o - 5? yocylo Fcghdgok Vyefo - N~cekfev{ Kovdmg ( Fcgv{~f{dcg, @{' Floògv - 6 yocylo CVJE 69 Jc~ - Vefjvo Fcgv{~f{dcg, Nd~`dgmje` - 8 yocylo Evnov{cv E}e~ogovv - @ev{o~ @ofjegdfel Dgvle{dcg, [~ct - ; yocylo Evnov{cv E}e~ogovv - M~oe{ Lebov Fodldgm ( Fe~yog{~t, Egg E~nc~ - 4 yocylo Evnov{cv E}e~ogovv - Je{qol ( Nojlo~, Ldxcgde - 89 yocylo CVJE 59 Jc~ - Ogmdgoo~ok Fc`hc~{ Vtv{o`v, [etlc~ - : yocylo Evnov{cv E}e~ogovv - Vjc~ov [dlo Fc', ^cvoxdllo - : yocylo

[c{el 0 556 yocylo

FE@VEHO[T _YKE[O


15/72



Cg e v}ol{o~dgm ket dg {jo dkklo chv`ò~, Acjg Jegò~, y~caof{ogmdgoo~ hc~ Ne~{cg

@elc}#Vbegvbev acdg{ xog{~o e{ [~ctNoe`cg{, }elbv {jo vd{o ch {jo jcvyd{elv+>=9 `dlldcg ozyegvdcg' [jdv ndm vegk-ncz cg {jo okmo ch e }c~bdgm jcvyd{el dvf~dvv-f~cvvok }d{j {jo }dko {~efbv ch

joext-k{t oudyòg{, egk {jo j`dk ed~hdllok }d{j {jo vj~dll nooy ch fcgv{~f{dcgèfjdgo~t' [jo }jclo y~cfovv dv ozfd{dgm{c ò, vedk Jegò~' D lcxo }elbdgm {jo acn, egk D lcxo y~cnlo`-vclxdgm' Tc fegvoo {jo h~d{v ch tc~ lenc~ cg e fcgv{~f-{dcg vd{o'

[jo h~d{v ch jdv lenc~, egk {jcvo ch ;99

{~ekovyocylo e{ yoeb - ylv voxog vyo~dg{ogkog{v, e mogo~el vyo~dg{ogkog{, hcy~caof{ ègemo~v, e hll-{dò veho{t ègemo~, egk {j~oo c{jo~ y~caof{ ogmdgoo~v }dll vccg nofcò oxdkog{ cg nc{j vdkov c{jo jcvyd{elv fe`yv elcgm Koudgk~^cek' Cg {jo oev{, {jo {j~oo-v{c~t e`nl{c~t fe~o fog{o~ *E'F'F'$, eg gkle{dg

Xo~{dfel ozyegvdcg ch {jo ]ov{ Nok [c}o~ og{edlok

ndlkdgm kd~of{lt cxo~ cffydok ye{dog{ e~oev'



ndlkdgm v{~o{fjdgm elcgm {jo logm{j ch {jofe`yv, dv el~oekt ogflcvok dg d{v vbdg chn~dfb xogoo~ egk ~dnncg }dgkc}v'

E{ ynldfe{dcg {dò dg Alt, dg{o~dc~ ndlkc{ dv }oll gko~}et dg {jo go}5>4,999-vue~o-hcc{ E'F'F' ndl{ {c jcvo ego} He`dlt @okdfdgo Fog{o~ egk

C{ye{dog{ Vo~xdfov Fog{o~' E {}c-v{c~te{~d` ldgbv {jo go} E'F'F' {c eg ekaefog{y~chovvdcgel chhdfo ndlkdgm nodgm ndl{ nt['J' @e~vj Fcgv{~f{dcg Fc', nevok dgLdxcgde' [jo E'F'F' }dll hoe{~o cg-vd{olen vo~xdfov {c ogjegfo ye{dog{ effovv egkfcgxogdogfo, e feh }d{j jdmj-ueld{tvolof{dcgv, egk eg c{kcc~ ye{dc dg e}cckok vo{{dgm'

Cg {jo }ov{ vdko ch {jo y~caof{, v{~f{~-el v{ool ~dvov dg{c {jo vbtldgo cxo~ {jo ozdv{-dgm jcvyd{el {je{ }dll vccg jcvo e go}f~d{dfel fe~o {c}o~ jcvdgm :,999 vue~ohoo{ ch ~ogcxe{ok vyefo dg ekkd{dcg {c599,999 vue~o hoo{ ch go} vyefo cg vdz lox-olv' [jo {c}o~ }dll chho~ kofog{~eldqokg~vdgm yckv, }jdfj }dll n~dgm g~vovflcvo~ {c ye{dog{v egk ogjegfok }ed{dgm

e~oe eògd{dov {c edk egk fc`hc~{ he`dldov'[jo ldv{ ch ndlkdgmv gko~ fcgv{~f{dcg

voo`v ev logm{jt ev {jo {jdfb okdfel {còfellok {jo Yjtvdfdegv Kovb ôho~ogfo' [joldv{ dgflkov eg oò~mogft fog{o~ ozyeg-vdcg ogfc`yevvdgm ;9,999 vue~o hoo{ ch~ogcxe{dcgv egk e 5>6,999-vue~o-hcc{

ekkd{dcg2 e {j~oo-v{c~t, 56=,999-vue~o-hcc{xo~{dfel ozyegvdcg ch {jo ozdv{dgm ]ov{[c}o~2 e yc}o~jcvo ekkd{dcg egk e go}lcekdgm kcfb' D{ dv y~cnenlt cgo ch {jole~mo~ jcvyd{el y~caof{v gko~ fcgv{~f{dcgdg ò{~cycld{eg Ko{~cd{, vedk Aeòv E'Ho~mvcg, vogdc~ y~caof{ ègemo~, Ne~{cg@elc}#Vbegvbe'

Ne~{cg @elc}#Vbegvbe dv elvc cg {jo n~dgb ch ndlkdgm e ?:?-hcc{ yokov{~degn~dkmo {je{ }dll vyeg cxo~ Koudgk~o egkfcggof{ {jo oev{ egk }ov{ fe`yvov' [jogo} }ov{ e{~d` e{ {jo èdg og{~egfo ch{jo jcvyd{el }dll hlc} dg{c {jo ogflcvok n~dkmo {je{ }dll ldgb }d{j e fc`yegdcge{~d` e{ {jo E'F'F' cg {jo oev{ vdko chKoudgk~o ^cek'

@dbo Leyje` ch Fog{o~ Ldgo Olof{~df,

Dgf' }c~bv cg {jo cxo~joek olof{~dfel

dg {jo Oev{ E`nle{c~t Fe~o Fog{o~'

[jo Oev{ E`nle{c~t Fe~o Fog{o~ dv eg gkle{dg

~dnncg ch e ndlkdgm ndl{ {c jcvo [~ct Noe`cg{v go

He`dlt @okdfdgo Fog{o~ egk C{ye{dog{ Vo~xdfov Fog{o

[jo ne~o v{ool ch d{v fc`yegdcg e{~d` ~dvov goz{ kcc


18/725: F E @ @ EM E QD G O V O Y[ O @N O ^ >9 9: Xcdfo Ch [jo Fcgv{~uf{dcg Dgkuv{~t

ACDGDGM HC^FOV

H~c` kovdmg {c ndlkdgm vtv{o`dgv{elle{dcg, Ne~{cg @elc}#Vbegvbe jevvbdllhllt fcc~kdge{ok oxo~t evyof{ ch {jdv

`l{d-hefo{ok ogkoexc~' [jo acdg{ xog{~onomeg {jo kovdmg ch {jdv kovdmg#ndlk y~ca-of{ dg Aege~t >998 }d{j Vc{jhdolk-nevokJe~lot Olldv Koxo~oez cg nce~k ev {jo

e~fjd{of{' Kovdmg#ndlk koldxo~t dv xo~y~oxelog{ e{ Noe`cg{ Jcvyd{el, vedKexdk E' ôofo, EDE, Vbegvbe vogdc~ xdfy~ovdkog{, ozof{dxo' [jot }eg{ok {jkovdmg#ndlk {oe` {c jexo l{dè{o fcg{~cl cxo~ {jo kovdmg egk fcgv{~f{dcg ch {jy~caof{, vc {je{ }o fclk nov{ fcg{~cl fcv

vfjoklo egk y~cm~e`'[jo vo ch e y~caof{ lenc~ em~ooòg{ eg

{jo acnv kovdmge{dcg ev e @DCVJE ye~go~vjdy y~caof{ jev f~oe{ok e y~ckf{dxegk veho }c~b ogxd~cgòg{' [jo vo cND@ dv jolydgm {c y~ckfo e v`cc{jlcyo~e{dgm acn' ND@ y~oxog{v o~~c~v nellc}dgm v {c fcc~kdge{o c~ òfjegdfegk olof{~dfel {~eko }c~b cg e 6K `cko nohc~o hen~dfe{dcg egk dgv{elle{dcg, veôofo' ]o fc`ndgok Je~lot OllKoxo~oezv 6K ckol egk Kcmlev V{ool6K `ckol {c fcc~kdge{o òfjegdfel egolof{~dfel }c~b' Kcmlev V{oHen~dfe{dgm Fc~yc~e{dcg, nevok dg Legvdgdv {jo v{~f{~el v{ool vnfcg{~ef{c~ cg {jy~caof{'

[oe`}c~b dv xd{el cg egt y~caof{ nye~{dfle~lt cgo ch {jdv èmgd{ko' [jjev noog eg c{v{egkdgm {oe`, vedôofo' D{v }cgko~hl jc} }oll oxo~tcgjev fcò {cmo{jo~ ev cgo {oe`' Tc

C G [ J O A C N V D [ O

Tcu~ ~cch' Tcu~ nuvdgovv'

Tcu~o fcxo~ok'

[' H' Nofb Fc'^cfjov{o~ Jdllv @D>;:':?>'4>??

A' K' Fegklo~^ccstgm Fc', Dgf'Ldxcgde @D656':44'>599

Fj~dv{og#Ko{~cd{Ko{~cd{ @D656':6='5;>9

Ko{~cd{ Fc~gdfo ( Vle{o Fc'Ho~gkelo @D>;:'64:'=849

Hdvjo~ ^ccstgm Fc',Dgf'Koe~nc~g Jodmj{v @D656'>4>':949

LeKubo ^ccstgm (Vjoo{ @o{elCeb Ye~b @D>;:';5;'8899

Lu{q ^ccstgm Fc', Dgf'Vjolnt [}y' @D?:8'=64'55;:

@']' @c~vv ccstgm, Dgf'^c`lv @D=6;'4;>'9:;9

Go}{cg F~ego ^ccstgm, Dgf'Ycg{def @D>;:'66>'69>5

Gc~{j ^ccstgm Fc'En~g Jdllv @D>;:'6=6'5?99

Kexo Yc exdllo ( Vcgv, Dgf']e~~og @D?:8'=??'8969

^ctel ^ccstgm Fc'C~dcg @D>;:'>=8'^CCH *=886$

Vfjoge ^ccstgm (Vjoo{ @o{el Fc', Dgf'Fjov{o~stolk @D?:8'4;4';===

Vfj~odno~ Fc~yc~e{dcgKo{~cd{ @D656':8;';499

V C_[JO EV [O^ G @ DFJ DM EG ^ CC HDGM FCG[Ê F[C ^V E VV CF DE[ DCG @ O@ NO ^V

V@^FE

^ccstgm y~cnlo`v feg loek {c fcv{lt y~cnlo`v dg

tc~ nvdgovv' Tc gook {c jexo {jovo y~cnlo`v

vclxok nt bgc}lokmoenlo, ~oldenlo egk {~edgok

y~chovvdcgelv' V@^FE ccstgm Fcg{~ef{c~v e~o

_gdcg {~edgok y~chovvdcgelv y~cxdkdgm ~ovycgvdxo

vo~xdfo, vyo~dc~ }c~bègvjdy egk ozfoy{dcgel

xelo' V@^FE Fcg{~ef{c~v chho~1

V@^FE Fcg{~ef{c~v e~o ov{enldvjok

fc`yegdov }d{jtoe~v ch ozyo~dogfo dg

n~dgmdgm dgkv{~t loekdgm vo~xdfo, ueld{t

egk bgc}lokmo {c oxo~t y~caof{'Fell

v {cket e{ ?:8'=?4'>5;9 {c ~ofodxo

c~ h~oo ^ccstgm Hef{v n~cfj~o c~

fcg{ef{ cgo ch {jo V@^FE Fcg{~ef{c~v

nolc} hc~ e gc-fcv{ ov{dè{o cg tc~

goz{ ~ccstgm y~caof{ c~ xdvd{ v e{

}}}'v`~fe'c~m'

@'_'V'[' Veho{t [~edgdgm egk K~m [ov{dgm

@dfjdmeg ~ccstgm fcg{~ef{c~ > toe~ v{egke~k}c~bègvjdy }e~~eg{t

D{ dv c~ ozyo~{dvo dg xe~dcv ~cch vtv{o v {c st{e~fjd{of{~el ~oud~oòg{v egk c}go~v gookv'

V{ool ~dvdgm nojdgk {jo ozdv{dgm òkdfel fe`yv chho~v e mld`yvo ch [~ct

Noe`cg{v =:9,999-vue~o-hcc{ ozyegvdcg'[jo v{ool dv ye~{ ch { jo

jcvyd{elv go} F~d{dfel Fe~o [c}o~ egk {jo ]ov{ Nok [c}o~ ekkd{dcg'



}clkg{ bgc} }jc }c~bv hc~ }je{ fc`-yegt, egk D {jdgb {je{ dv e {~dn{o {c Ad`*Ho~mvcg$ egk {jo }et jo jev ndl{ {jov{ehh cg {jo acn' Ekkok Ho~mvcg, ]o ell}c~b xo~t }oll {cmo{jo~ egk y{ fc`yegtellomdegfo evdko' ]o e~o fc``d{{ok {cndlkdgm {jdv y~caof{ egk kcdgm d{ vffovv-

hllt'

N^DKMDGM E FE@Y_V

Ne~{cg @elc}#Vbegvbe n~cbo m~cgkcg {jo =:9,999-vue~o-hcc{ y~caof{ cg Ago54, >99=' [jo vd{o }c~b }ev oz{ogvdxo egk{jo vcdl fcgkd{dcgv ycc~ cg {jo oev{ egk}ov{ fe`yvov' Ell ch {jo v{~f{~ov ~ov{cg fedvvcgv dgv{ellok nt ^cj~vfjodn VcgvFedvvcgv, Dgf', nevok dg Go} Jkvcg'

Fcc~kdge{dcg }ev {jo geò ch {jo meòe{ {jo Noe`cg{ acnvd{o' Ne~{cg@elc}#Vbegvbe o~of{ok {jo v{~f{~elv{ool hc~ {jo {j~oo-v{c~t xo~{dfel ozyegvdcgch {jo ]ov{ [c}o~ kd~of{lt cxo~ eg cff-ydok nok {c}o~' C~dmdgellt kovdmgok hc~ozyegvdcg, e v{~f{~el vlen }ev dgv{ellokcg {jo ~cch e{ {jo {dò ch d{v c~dmdgel fcg-v{~f{dcg hdxo toe~v emc {c joly y~c{of{ {jo~cch emedgv{ ygf{~ov, vedk ôofo' ]oylefok ekkd{dcgel ~cch y~c{of{dcg cg {cy ch{jo ~cch'

Ev e veho{t òev~o, {jo acdg{ xog{~oldh{ok cglt cgo ydofo ch v{ool e{ e {dò vdgme kcnlo {emldgo {c v{oekt egk mdko {jonoe` cg nc{j vdkov, ôofo fcg{dgok'

Ne~{cg @elc}#Vbegvbe }c~bok flcvolt

}d{j {jo jcvyd{el v{ehh dg fcc~kdge{dgm v{ooldgv{elle{dcg egk ye{dog{ fe~o' ]o vfjok-lok c~ }c~b dg flcvo fcgfo~{ }d{j {jog~vov, vedk Jegò~' ]o èko v~o {cdghc~` {jo g~vov ch {jo e~oev }jo~o }o}clk no }c~bdgm, egk {jot }clk `dgd-`dqo {jo d`yef{ nt, dg vcò fevov, `cxdgmye{dog{v c{ ch {jcvo ho} ~cc`v kd~of{ltnolc} c~ }c~b' Ne~{cg @elc}#Vbegvbehdgdvjok v{ool dgv{elle{dcg {jo hd~v{ }oob ch Ago egk nomeg yc~dgm vlenv hc~ {jdvvo`d-fd~fle~-vjeyok ye{dog{ fe~o hefdld{t'

Fcc~kdge{dcg dv f~fdel hc~ ndlkdgm {joyokov{~deg n~dkmo, e v{~f{~o {je{ }dll

vyeg {}c kdhho~og{ fcg{dov egk {}c kdhho~-og{ fd{dov' [jo go} n~dkmo }dll e~f ef~cvvKoudgk~o ^cek, {jo chhdfdel ncgke~t no{}oog Ceblegk egk @efc`n fcg{dovegk no{}oog [~ct egk V{o~ldgm Jodmj{v']o e~o koeldgm }d{j ègt kdhho~og{ a~dvkdf{dcgv cg {jo y~caof{, dgflkdgm {joFd{t ch Ko{~cd{ hc~ }e{o~ egk vo}o~, vedkôofo' ]oxo jek mcck fccyo~e{dcg }d{jell'

Ne~{cg @elc}#Vbegvbe dv y~oye~dgm {cv{e~{ k~dlldgm fedvvcgv dg {jo goz{ ho}}oobv hc~ {jo èdg n~dkmo vyyc~{v ch {jdvgo} yokov{~deg n~dkmo' [jo acdg{ xog{~o


20/72>9 F E @ @ EM E QD G O V O Y[ O @N O ^ >9 9: Xcdfo Ch [jo Fcgv{~uf{dcg Dgkuv{~t

ylegv {c n~dohlt vj{kc}g Koudgk~o {c vo{v{~f{~el v{ool *@dk}ov{ V{ool, Dgf',Ko{~cd{, jclkv {jo fcg{~ef{$ hc~ {jo èdg n~dkmo v{~f{~o dg Emv{ >99:' D{ }dlljeyyog k~dgm {jo }oobogk {c `dgd`dqo{jo d`yef{ {c {jo fc``gd{t, vedkJegò~' Ne~{cg @elc}#Vbegvbe fcc~kd-

ge{ok {jod~ }c~b }d{j to{ egc{jo~ og{d{t,geòlt K[O Ogo~mt, }jdfj dv ~ovycgvdnlohc~ ~o~c{dgm {jo cxo~joek {dld{dov gko~-m~cgk' [jo {dld{dov dg {je{ lcfe{dcg e~ocgo ch {jo y~dè~t hookv hc~ {jo }jcloe~oe, vc d{ jev {ebog e lc{ ch fcc~kdge{dcg}d{j K[O, vedk Jegò~'

Fcgv{~f{dcg ch {jdv èvvdxo ogkoexc}dll no fc`ylo{ok cg e yjevok vfjokllcekdgm kcfb egk yc}o~jcvo }dll nfc`ylo{o dg Gcxo`no~ >99:2 E'F'F' dHon~e~t >9942 oò~mogft fog{o~ egk f~ddfel fe~o {c}o~ dg Ey~dl >9942 egk {jo ]o[c}o~ }dll no fc`ylo{o dg Cf{cno~ >994'

H~c` e {~ekov v{egkycdg{, {jdv }dll ye lc{ ch yocylo {c }c~b cxo~ {jo goz{ 5`cg{jv, vedk ôofo' Ell ch {jovo v{~{~ov e~o cglt yjevo cgo ch e `l{d-yjevy~cm~e` }jcvo fcgv{~f{dcg ègemoòg{oe` dv to{ {c no ko{o~`dgok' Vcò ch {jyjevo cgo vnfcg{~ef{c~v dgflko1 @cg{Fcv{olle ( Fc', Gcxd, èvcg~t, e`nle{c~t fe~o fog{o~2 N~eqog ( M~oo~, DgfLdxcgde, èvcg~t, ]ov{ [c}o~ egk f~d{dffe~o {c}o~2 egk Vd{o Koxolcyòg{, Dgf@ekdvcg Jodmj{v, ell {jo vd{o }c~b' [jy~caof{ ogmemok {jo vo~xdfov ch e xe~do{t colof{~dfel egk òfjegdfel fcg{~ef{c~dgflkdgm Ho~gkelo Olof{~df Fc', Ho~gkelFog{o~ Ldgo Olof{~df, Dgf', Fog{o~ LdgVje} Olof{~df Fc', Ldxcgde2 N`lo@ofjegdfel, Dgf', V{o~ldgm Jodmj{v2 ]ov{o~@ofjegdfel Fcg{~ef{c~v, Dgf', Fldg{c[c}gvjdy2 Xog{fcg, Dgf', Ellog Ye~b2 egAcjg O' M~oog Fc', Jdmjlegk Ye~b'

C G [ J O A C N V D [ O

[jo F~d{dfel Fe~o [c}o~ ~dvov encxo {jo oò~mogft fog{o~ ozyegvdcg dg {jo lc}o~ loh{ fc~go~

egk {jo yc}o~jcvo dg {jo lc}o~ ~dmj{ fc~go~'[jo ]ov{ Nok [c}o~ ekkd{dcg dg {jo nefbm~cgk

fc`ylo{ov {jdv yegc~eè ch [~ct Noe`cg{v f~~og{ jcvyd{el ozyegvdcg'


21/72

[jo FE@ Fcgv{~uf{dcg Nuto~v Mudko jev cxo~

58,999 fcydov yunldvjok egk kdv{~dnu{ok{j~cumjcu{ {jo v{e{o' D{v kd~of{c~t ldv{v cxo~

6,:99 fcg{~ef{c~v, vuyyldo~v, e~fjd{of{v,ogmdgoo~v, egk vo~xdfo hd~`v dg {jo dgkuv{~t'

MO[ LDV[OK DG @DFJDMEGV &5FCGV[^_F[DCG KDÔF[C^T

!ACDG GC]HC^ +>4?

EGK HC^ E LD@D[OK [D@O, ÔFODXO HÔO1

Y_NLDFE[DCG KOEKLDGO DV VOY[O@NO^ 58, >99:Fell {jo FE@ @o`no~vjdy Koy{' e{ *>;:$ 4=>-5999 c~ *4:4$ =?;-;:=>

Xdvd{ uv cg {jo ]on e{ }}}'fe`-cgldgo'fc`

VYOFDEL CHHO^ HC^ GO] @O@NO^V CGLT EGG_EL K_OV [C FE@ EÔ +>4?

! CHHO^MCCK

H C@

E_M_V[ ; [C

VOY[O@NO^ 58

,

>99:

MO[ LDV[OK DG @DFJDMEGV &5

_VOK KEDLT NT C]GO^V, E^FJD[OF[V, FCG[ÊF[C^V [J^C_MJC_[ [JO V[E[O'JOÔ EÔ E HO]1

Fle~b Fcgv{~uf{dcg Fc`yegt

Moc~mo ]' Eufj Fc`yegt

Elno~{ Bejg Evvcfde{ov

Noeu`cg{ Jcvyd{el

Je~lot Olldv Koxo~oeuzFd{t ch Ko{~cd{

_ ch @ Ogmdgoo~dgm

@dfjdmeg V{e{o _gdxo~vd{t

_'V' Koye~{òg{ ch Jcuvdgm

[@Y Evvcfde{ov

@ugdfdyeld{dov, Vfjccl Kdv{~df{v'''egk {jcuvegkv c~o%

+>4?

+49 Dgd{de{dcg Hoo ]EDXOK

+699 Cgo `cg{j FE@-Cgldgo Go}v egk Yleg~cc`Fcxo~dgm {jo og{d~o v{e{o HÔO

+>8 Nut tcu~ hd~v{ Flevvdhdok Ldv{dgm dg{jo >994 FE@ Nuto~v Mudko egk mo{tcu~ >gk Flevvdhdok Ldv{dgm HÔO

Ldv{ tcu~ }onvd{o ekk~ovv dg {joNuto~v Mudko egk ~ofodxo e HÔO ldgb{c tcu~ jcò yemo h~c` {jo FE@}onvd{o *}}}'fe -cgldgo'fc`$

VEXO

+;99%CXO^

+;99%


22/72>> F E @ @ EM E QD G O V O Y[ O @N O ^ >9 9: Xcdfo Ch [jo Fcgv{~uf{dcg Dgkuv{~t

fc`yegdov k~eè{dfellt dgf~oevok y~o`

`v dg >99>, cglt {c hell nefb {c gc~èl lo

olv ch m~c}{j e ho} toe~v le{o~, }jog {jo {~

loxol ch {o~~c~dv{ {j~oe{v egk {jo evvcfde{o

~dvbv }o~o no{{o~ gko~v{cck' Ozflkdg

ghc~ovoog dghlogfov ldbo {jo {j~oe{ ch {o

~c~dv , {jo go} {ofjgduov dgxclxok

gko~}~d{dgm jexo k~eè{dfellt ke`yogo

{jo e`yld{ko ch {jdv ftflo vdgfo {jo le{o :9

[jo~o e~o {j~oo {jdgmv fcg{~ef{c~v gook {

{ebo h~c` {jdv1

M E mcck y~dfo cg dgv~egfo dv le~molt

koyogkog{ cg jc} {jo dgv~egfo

fc`yegt yo~fodxov {jo ~dvb ch lcvv2

M [je{ yo~foy{dcg dv nevok dg

{ofjgclcmt egk e kdhho~og{ {tyo ch

gko~}~d{dgm {jeg nohc~o2 egk

M Oxog{ellt, {jo è~bo{ }dll mo{ je~k

emedg' Y~dfov e~o mcdgm {c mc y,fe~~do~v }dll gc{ no fc`yo{dgm hc~

fldog{v dg {jo veò }et, egk

fc`yegdov lccbdgm hc~ mcck dgv~egfo

koelv }dll jexo {c òev~o y'

GEXDME[DGM D[

Oxo~t toe~ nvdgovv c}go~v ~ogo} dgv

egfo ycldfdov egk {jdgb enc{ }etv {c lc}o

fcv{v }jdlo èdg{edgdgm {jo fcxo~emo {jo

gook' [jo~o e~o e g`no~ ch }etv {c effc`

yldvj {jdv, ~egmdgm h~c` {jo vd`ylo egk fc`

`cg vogvo, {c {jo dgkv{~t vyofdhdf `dg{de

`fj ch }je{ }og{ dg{c ko{o~`dgdgm f~-

~og{ ~e{ov }ev nevok cg {jo y~oxdcv toe~'

Ell {jo fe~~do~v }clk lccb e{ {jo dgkv{~tv

yo~hc~ègfo dg {jo y~oxdcv yo~dck {c

ko{o~`dgo {jod~ y~dfov dg {jo f~~og{ cgo'

[jdv ozefo~ne{ok {jo ftfldfel {~ogkv, egk dh

cgo }o~o {c ylc{ {jo y~o`d` m~c}{j ch

dgv~egfo fc`yegdov cxo~ {jo toe~v, cgo

}clk voo ~omle~ yoebv egk xellotv {j~cmj

{jo `dk-:9v'

Eh{o~ {jo ldendld{t f~dvdv dg :?-:8, {jo

ftflov fjegmok' Le~mo~ dgv~egfo fc`ye-

gdov o`ylctok go} egk {ofjgdfel gko~-

}~d{dgm {cclv egk ~ofcmgdqok ell vc~{v ch go}

~dvbv, h~c` {jo oz{og{ ch xdfe~dcv ldendld{t dg

ogxd~cgòg{el è{{o~v {c {jo dgf~oevok ld{d-

mdcvgovv ch vcfdo{t dg mogo~el' @egt ch {jo

}oebo~ fc`yegdov {je{ vd`ylt hcllc}ok

dgkv{~t {~ogkv dg {jo yev{ egk ekkok {c {jo

v}et ch {jo ftflo }o~o envc~nok c~ }og{ chnvdgovv' Eh{o~ {jo kv{ floe~ok dg :=, }o

}o~o loh{ }d{j e vèllo~ m~cy ch fe~~do~v {je{

ozjdnd{ok `c~o kdvfdyldgo egk volh-~oldegfo

dg {jod~ gko~}~d{dgm, }o~o ~g nt `c~o {el-

og{ok egk ozyo~dogfok FOCv egk ègemo~v,

egk ycvvovvok {jo {cclv {c ov{dè{o {jo goz{

toe~v ~dvbv egk ycvvdnlo lcvvov xo~t eff~e{olt'

[jo dgkv{~t go{ y~o`d` m~c}{j dg {jo

toe~v {je{ hcllc}ok }ev xo~t v{enlo, egk kdk

gc{ ftflo no{}oog toe~v ch le~mo m~c}{j egk

toe~v ch kd`dgdvjok m~c}{j, ev dg {jo yev{' D{

}ev gc{ g{dl {jo {j~oe{ ch {o~~c~dv` }ev

ekkok {c {jo ldv{ ch ~dvbv {je{ dgv~egfo

Hc~ {jo yev{ ho} toe~v, nvdgovv c}go~v

jexo jek {jo yloev~o ch cyo~e{dgm dg e

vch{ dgv~egfo è~bo{' Dg {cketv è~-

bo{, {jcmj {jo ofcgc`t dg mogo~el jev

noog {cmj,y~o`d`v fcg{dgo {c hell,fc`-

yo{d{dcg e`cgm fe~~do~v dv e{ eg ell {dò jdmj,

egk dgv~o~v e~o chho~dgm ogjegfok fcxo~emo

cy{dcgv {c e{{~ef{ go} nvdgovv ldbo goxo~

nohc~o' Nofevo c}go~v jexo noog yetdgm

lovv hc~ dgv~egfo egk hdgkdgm fcxo~emo

`c~o oevdlt, d{ dv oevt {c hc~mo{ {jo ftfldfel

ge{~o ch {jo dgkv{~t'

Dh }o lccb nefb {c >995, {jo oxog{v ch

Voy{o`no~ 55{j fevok e le~mo dgf~oevo dg

{jo fcv{ ch dgv~egfo, egk y~dfov ~cvo }jdlo

fcxo~emo kofldgok hc~ {jo goz{ 6 toe~v' Dg

>99? {jo {dko nomeg {c {~g2 {jo è~bo{

v{e~{ok vch{ogdgm egk dgv~egfo fc`yegdov

vjc}ok ekoue{o y~chd{endld{t, loekdgm {c

}jo~o }o e~o gc}' [jdv vc~{ ch vch{ogdgm~ovl{v dg dgv~o~v lc}o~dgm {jod~ ~e{ov hc~ {jo

veò loxol ch ~dvb ozycv~o' Dg e je~kdgv~-

egfo è~bo{, fe~~do~v vjc} mcck y~chd{v egk

e~o enlo {c no `c~o volof{dxo cg {jo fcxo~-

emo {jot chho~ egk {c }jc` {jot chho~ d{2 dg e

vch{è~bo{, y~chd{endld{t dv lc}, egk fc`ye-

gdov voob ~oxogo egk è~bo{ vje~o nt lc}-

o~dgm ~e{ov egk n~cekogdgm fcxo~emo'

Egeltv{v hool {jdv ftfldfel {~ogk }o jexo

noog voodgm vdgfo {jo 54=9v dv fc`dgm {c eg

ogk, }d{j vch{ dgv~egfo è~bo{v nofc`dgm

`fj lcgmo~, egk je~k è~bo{v lovv y~ch-

d{enlo hc~ {jo dgv~egfo fe~~do~v' Dg {jo yev{,

D G V _ ^ E G F O #

N C G K D G M

Gexdme{dgm

[cketvDgvu~egfoegk

Ncgk@e~bo{Nt @dbo @dllo~, Aohh Fjegklo~, Loeggo Nvjcgm, egk Yjdl Clvog, Xelog{d [~cnof Fjegklo~ Dgf'


23/72F E @ @ EM E QD G O V O Y[ O @N O ^ >9 9 : >Xdvd{ uv e{ }}}'fe`-cgldgo'fc`

{jo og{d~o yc~{hcldc'

[jdv nodgm vedk, {jo }et {c {jo nov{ dgv

egfo y~cm~e` dv gc{ gofovve~dlt nt vjcyydg

hc~ lc}o~ ~e{ov oxo~t toe~, c~ mo{{dgm e g`

no~ ch uc{ov h~c` kdhho~og{ emog{v'

gko~}~d{o~v voo {jo veò nvdgovv fc`

h~c` `l{dylo emog{v, c~ ~omle~lt m

{j~cmj {jo `c{dcgv toe~ eh{o~ toe~ }d{jc

oxo~ }~d{dgm {jo nvdgovv, {jot e~o lovv ldbo

{c xdo} d{ ev e lomd{dè{o cyyc~{gd{t c

èbo {d o hc~ {jo y~cyo~ egeltvdv2 d{

evvòk {jo fldog{ }dll av{ vjcy e~cg

emedg {jo goz{ toe~'

Cgfo eg emog{ }d{j {jo y~cyo~ f~okog{de

dv cg nce~k, {jo }c~b cg {}oebdgm {jo ~dm

ko{edlv egk vo{{dgm y {jo nov{ y~cm~e` fe

nomdg' Fcg{~ef{c~v {je{ jexo {jo n~ceko

cy{dcgv yo~{edgdgm {c y~dfo egk fcxo~emo e~

{jcvo {je{ ozjdnd{ e ycvd{dxo nvdgovv y~c

hdlo,}jog egeltqok nt {jo dgv~egfo gko}~d{o~' E ycvd{dxo nvdgovv y~chdlo dgflko

bot oloòg{v vfj ev ~dvb {~egvho~, fc`y~

jogvdxo veho{t egk edg{ogegfo y~cm~e v,

v{enlo hdgegfdel fcgkd{dcg, egk e fc``d

òg{ {c }c~bdgm ycvd{dxolt egk y~cef{dxo

}d{j {jo emog{ egk fe~~do~, e`cgm c{j

{jdgmv'

kdv{dgf{dcgv no{}oog {jo fe~~do~v eyyo{d{ov

hc~ nvdgovv' Dh {jo~o dv gc fcgv{~f{dcg vyo-

fdeldqe{dcg }d{jdg eg emogft, c~ {jo emogft

~oy~ovog{v cglt e vèll g`no~ ch fe~~do~v,

{jo effcg{ èt gc{ no vjc}g {c {jo ~dmj{

è~bo{v,dg {jo }et gofovve~t {c mo{ {jo nov{

dgv~egfo y~cm~e` ycvvdnlo'

]jog gko~}~d{o~v ~oxdo} {jo dgv~endld{t

ch e nvdgovv, {jot oxele{o d{ dg e g`no~ ch

kdhho~og{ egk fc`yldfe{ok }etv, egk oefj

fe~~do~ jev d{v c}g dkoe ch }je{ èbov eg

effcg{ ovyofdellt eyyoeldgm' ]jdlo {jot ell

lccb e{ {jdgmv ldbo {jo {tyo ch cyo~e{dcg, lcvv

jdv{c~t, egk veho{t òev~ov dg ylefo, vcò

èt no `c~o fcgfo~gok }d{j {jo hdgegfdel

effcg{dgm o{jckv, {jo vemo ch f~okd{ egk

fevj, c~ ~oxdo}dgm dgkv{~t ~e{dgmv ch hdgeg-

fdel v{~ogm{j egk yet jend{v, ldbo {jcvo ch

Kgg ( N~ekv{~oo{' ]jog {jo gko~}~d{o~v

e~o kcgo }d{j {jod~ oxele{dcg ch {jo fc`-yegt, {jot voo jc} d{ fc`ye~ov {c c{jo~ vd`-

dle~ nvdgovvov {jot dgv~o' [jo }et {c mo{

{jo nov{ fcxo~emo hc~ {jo nov{ y~dfo dv {c

è{fj e fc`yegt }d{j {jo ~dmj{ fe~~do~, vc

}jog ell dv vedk egk kcgo, d{ ~egbv ev jdmjlt

ev ycvvdnlo e`cgmv{ d{v yoo~v, egk nofcòv

e kovd~ok ydofo ch nvdgovv,~edvdgm {jo ne~ ch

cglt eg gko~}~d{o~ }clk {jdgb ch' ]d{j {jo

emm~ovvdxo m~c}{j mcelv ch dgv~egfo fc`-

yegdov dg {cketv vch{ è~bo{, {jo~o dv e m~oe{

cyyc~{gd{t hc~ c}go~v {c {}oeb e ho} vèll

{jdgmv,y~ovog{ {jo nvdgovv dg {jo nov{ ldmj{

ycvvdnlo, egk feyd{eldqo cg {jo y~oho~~ok

y~dfdgm nodgm chho~ok {c {jo `cv{ ueldhdok

fv{cò~v'

[jo hd~v{ {jdgm cg {jo ldv{ dv eyycdg{dgm eg

dgv~egfo egk ncgk emog{ }d{j f~okdndld{t

egk vyofdhdf ozyo~dogfo dg {jo fcgv{~f{dcg

dgkv{~t' [jo~o dv e }c~lk ch kdhho~ogfo dg {jo

~dvbv hefok nt olof{~dfel fcg{~ef{c~v, vo}o~

egk }e{o~ fcg{~ef{c~v, egk mogo~el fcg{~ef-

{c~v, hc~ oze`ylo' @ebo v~o tc~ emogft ch

fjcdfo jev vyofdeldv{v dg tc~ hdolk, nolcgmv

{c {~eko m~cyv egk dgkv{~t c~megdqe{dcgv,

egk ~oho~ogfov }oll }d{j {jo c{jo~ y~chov-

vdcgel vo~xdfov tc vo, dgflkdgm tc~

effcg{eg{ egk e{{c~got, }jc dkoellt vyo-fdeldqo dg fcgv{~f{dcg, ev }oll' [jdv }dll

ogv~o {jot {~lt e~o n~dgmdgm vcò{jdgm {c

{jo {enlo, c{jo~ {jeg e lc} y~dfo }d{j ycvvd-

nlo meyv dg fcxo~emo' ]d{jc{ {jdv dgkv{~t-

vyofdhdf bgc}lokmo, {jo emog{ }dll gc{ jexo

{jo endld{t {c è~bo{ eg effcg{ {c e fe~~do~

dg {jo nov{ ycvvdnlo ldmj{, c~ oxog ~oeldqo {jo

>;:'?54'5;99 | }}}'mjnj'fc`


24/72>; F E @ @ EM E QD G O V O Y[ O @N O ^ >9 9: Xcdfo Ch [jo Fcgv{~uf{dcg Dgkuv{~t

{jod~ yc~{dcg ch }c~b' Ell ch {jdv vo~xov {

`d{dme{o ~dvb egk èbo eg effcg{ `c

eyyoeldgm {c e fe~~do~'

Dgv~o~v lccb ycg e fc`y~ojogvdxo veh

{t egk èdg{ogegfo y~cm~e` xo~t jdmjlt, e

}oll' Koyogkdgm cg {jo {tyo ch cyo~e{dc

{jdv `dmj{ dgflko e ~o{~g {c }c~b y~cm~e`

k~m {ov{dgm, yjtvdfel oze dge{dcgv, veho

oudyòg{ egk {~edgdgm,egk c~o' E edg{

gegfo y~cm~e` hc~ xojdflov egk oudyòg{

d`yo~e{dxo, egk d{ v{ dgflko kcfòg{

{dcg ch {jo èdg{ogegfo egk ~oyed~ yo

hc~òk cg oxo~t xojdflo egk ydofo ch oudy

òg{' [jo ozyo~dogfok emog{ feg joly {edl

{jo y~cm~e` {c èzd`dqo d{v nogohd{v dg {j

otov ch {jo dgv~o~, }jdlo `dgd`dqdgm eg

d`yef{ cg cyo~e{dcgv'

Cgfo e nvdgovv ~oefjov e fo~{edg vdq

hdgegfdel v{endld{t nofcòv xo~t d`yc~{eg

egk ko{edlok ~ofc~kv ch acn fcv{v, y~chd{endld{egk {jo endld{t {c mogo~e{o mcck hdgegfd

dghc~è{dcg dg{o~gellt nofcòv ye~e`cg{

ovyofdellt dh v~o{t vyyc~{ dv vcò{jdgm {j

fcg{~ef{c~ dv lccbdgm {c cn{edg' Dgv~o~v e

lccbdgm e{ dgkv{~t ~oyc~{v ev ye~{ ch {jo

~c{dgo gko~}~d{dgm `c~o egk `c~o h~o

uog{lt, egk ch{og, mcck hdgegfdel dghc~`

{dcg dg e fc`yo{og{ emog{v jegkv feg cxo

~dko e gome{dxo K(N ~oyc~{'

Y~cnenlt {jo `cv{ d`yc~{eg{ hefo{ ch

ycvd{dxo nvdgovv y~chdlo dv fc``d{òg{ h~c`

{jo dgv~ok {c e ycvd{dxo egk y~cef{dxo ~ol

{dcgvjdy' V{etdgm cg {jo veò yemo }d{j {j

emog{ egk {jo fe~~do~ old`dge{ov v~y~dvov egogv~ov y~c`y{ ~ovycgvov }jog dvvov e~dv

[jo emog{ vjclk no dghc~òk enc{ fcg{~e

{el cnldme{dcgv egk no enlo {c evvdv{ dg {j

y~cfovv ch òo{dgm {jovo cnldme{dcgv, eg

nto~v `v{ no e}e~o ch {jo oxo~-fjegmdg

fcg{~ef{el cnldme{dcgv evvcfde{ok }d{

`gdfdyel egk y~dxe{o y~caof{v, vyofdhdfellt

{jo legmemo yo~{edgdgm {c ekkd{dcgel dgv~o

~oud~oòg{v' [jo nov{ }et {c effc`yldv

{jdv dv {jcmj cyog kdelcmo egk ozfjegm

ch dghc~è{dcg'

El{jcmj fcgv{~f{dcg fc`yegdov èt n

ogactdgm ~okf{dcgv dg dgv~egfo y~dfdgm k

{c fc`yo{d{dcg e`cgm dgv~egfo fe~~do~v, {j

veò feggc{ no ozyof{ok h~c` {jo v~o{

dgkv{~t' E fcgvo~xe{dxo gko~}~d{dgm ck

~ovl{dgm h~c` le~mo lcvvov {c {jo dgkv{~t

{jo oe~ldo~ toe~v ch {jo f~~og{ kofeko, f

~og{lt è~bv {jo v~o{t ncgk è~bo

]jo~oev {jo dgv~egfo dgkv{~t }ev enlo {

ekav{ y~o`d`v dg {jo toe~v hcllc}dgm 4#5

èbo `cgot, nofcò fc`hc~{enlo }d{j {j

}et ~dvbv }o~o nodgm evvovvok, {jog v{endldq

dg{c e vldmj{lt vch{ nto~v è~bo{, {jo v~o

dgkv{~t }ev v{gm ud{o je~k e{ {jo ve`

{dò, egk jev gc{ ~ofcxo~ok dg {jo veò }e

fc`ylo{ok cyo~e{dcgv fcxo~emo egk effovv

{c {jo ycldft cg e y~dè~t egk gcgfcg{~dn-

{c~t nevdv, {jo fcg{~ef{c~ feg ohhof{dxolt

`cxo ozycv~o {c vcòcgo olvov ycldft egk

yet lovv hc~ {jod~ c}g' E vcldk vnfcg{~ef{

em~ooòg{ }d{j v{~cgm dgko`gdhdfe{dcg leg-

memo egk e jclk je~`lovv y~cxdvdcg

vjclk no ozof{ok hc~ oefj y~caof{, egk

vnfcg{~ef{c~v feg no ~oud~ok {c ncgk

^dvb {~egvho~ dv vd`ylt old`dge{dgm {jdgmv

tc `dmj{ no ~ovycgvdnlo hc~ nt {~egvho~~dgm

{jo ~ovycgvdndld{t {c egc{jo~ ye~{t' E mogo~-

el fcg{~ef{c~, c~ egtcgo }jc o`ylctv vn-

fcg{~ef{c~v dg {jod~ }c~b, `dmj{ {~egvho~ ~dvb

nt ~oud~dgm {je{ {jot no ekkok {c {jo vn-

fcg{~ef{c~v dgv~egfo fcxo~emo ev eg

ekkd{dcgel dgv~ok' [j~cmj vyofdhdf

ogkc~voòg{v {je{ fcg{edg y~cxdvdcgv hc~

D G V _ ^ E G F O #

N C G K D G M

Goz{ Mogo~e{dcg Ogxd~cgòg{el, Dgf'

Evnov{cv egk Loek Ene{oòg{, Ogxc~dgòg{el oòkde{dcg,

Vyofdel{t Fce{dgmv

>5v{ Fog{u~t Velxemo, Dgf'

Dgkuv{~del egk Fc`ò~fdel Ko`cld{dcg,

Kdvèg{ldgm, Velxemo egk V{~dy Cu{

Jdmj [ofj Dgkuv{~del Vo~xdfov

Dgkuv{~del Floegdgm, ]e{o~ Nlev{dgm, Kuf{ Floegdgm

egk Yleg{ Kofc``dvvdcgdgm

FJE^LDO @E^[DGY~ovdkog{

fè~{dgIgmvm5'fc`

59=?9 @e~{q ^cek

Tyvdleg{d, @D ;:54=

Yj1 =6;';:?';:??

Hez1 =6;';:?'84?4

Goz{ Mogo~e{dcg Vo~xdfov M~cuy dgf'



{jo vch{ dgv~egfo è~bo{ egk {jo je~k v~

{t è~bo{, egk {oe`dgm y }d{j eg emogf

{je{ vyofdeldqov dg {jo fcgv{~f{dcg dgkv{~

egk fc``d{{dgm {c }c~b }d{j tc~ emog{ e~

{jo botv {c e fc`yo{d{dxo egk fc`y~ojog

vdxo dgv~egfo egk v~o{t y~cm~e`v'

Dg {cketv dgv~egfo è~bo{, ~e{ov kc gc

hlf{e{o ko {c {jo dgkv{~tv }jd`v, c

yo~dckdf egk ~omle~ è~bo{ {~ogk

_gko~}~d{dgm ò{jckv egk y~o`d` y~d

dgm e~o nevok dg {ofjgclcmt egk fcgf~o{

ò{~dfv,egk oxo~t fcg{~ef{c~ gookv {c bgc

{je{ jdv emogft egk emog{ vyoebv {cket

legmemo'

Nevok dg [~ct, }d{j chhdfov ~egmdgm h~cCzhc~k egk He~`dgm{cg Jdllv {c Hc~{ @to~Hlc~dke, {jo X[F M~cuy jev m~c}g {c nofc`{jo le~mov{ dgvu~egfo emogft dg @dfjdme]d{j cxo~ ?9 toe~v ch ozyo~dogfo dg {jo dgkuv{~t egk ~oy~ovog{e{dcg cg hdxo ge{dcgel dgvuegfo ekxdvc~t nce~kv egk ò`no~vjdy dguò~cuv fcgv{~uf{dcg egk èguhef{u~dg{~eko m~cuyv, {jod~ ozyo~{v feg {edlc~ eg ohhfdog{ egk fcv{ ohhof{dxo y~cm~e` {c hd{ ell tcugookv' Hc~ dghc~è{dcg fcg{ef{ @dbo, AohLoeggo, c~ Yjdl e{ >;:-:>:-66=='

{jot gook {c kc {jod~ }c~b' @c~o egk `c~o

v~o{t ncgkv e~o ~oud~ok cg y~dxe{o y~c-

aof{v, ev mogo~el fcg{~ef{c~v e~o koègkdgm

vèll ncgkv h~c` {jod~ vnfcg{~ef{v {je{

goxo~ }clk jexo noog ~oud~ok dg {jo yev{'

Ch{og mogo~el fcg{~ef{c~v egk fcgv{~f{dcg

ègemo~v ~oud~o ndk ncgkv ev e òegv {c

y~o-ueldht y~cvyof{dxo fcg{~ef{c~v egk

vnv, ~oevcgdgm {je{ dh e v~o{t {jdgbv {jot

feg kc {jo }c~b, {jot y~cnenlt feg'

Eg dg{o~ov{dgm ~ovl{ ch ell {jdv dv, }jdlo

dgv~egfo fc`yegdov jexo le~mo m~c}{j

mcelv egk v~o{t fc`yegdov jexo `fj

`c~o `cko~e{o m~c}{j mcelv *vcò oxog

lccbdgm hc~ gome{dxo m~c}{j$, {jo gko~}~d{-

dgm dv xo~t vd`dle~, }d{j nc{j lccbdgm hc~ {jo

veò {tyo ch ycvd{dxo nvdgovv y~chdlo'

]jdlo {jo~o dv eg engkegfo ch feyefd{t dg

{jo dgv~egfo è~bo{ }d{j ègt fe~~do~v

fc`yo{dgm hc~ {jo veò vomòg{ ch nvd-govv, {jo veò dv gc{ {~o dg {jo v~o{t è~-

bo{, }jo~o ld`d{ok feyefd{t egk ho}o~ ylet-

o~v jexo f~oe{ok `c~o ~ov{~df{dxo è~bo{

fcgkd{dcgv' [jo~o e~o vcò fc``cg

{j~oekv, jc}oxo~' E v{~cgm, y~cef{dxo èg-

emoòg{ v{tlo dv {jo bot {c feyd{eldqo dg nc{j

Fc`yo{d{dcg e`cgm v~o{dov jev noog h~-

{jo~ ld`d{ok nt {jo koye~{~o ch ncgkdgm

fc`yegdov2 ègt jexo vd`ylt foevok cyo~e-

{dcgv ko {c {jod~ dgendld{t {c y~chd{ dg {jdv

ldgo ch nvdgovv' Dgv~egfo y~o d`v e~o

nevok cg lcvvov, egk {jo y~o`d`v e~o

felfle{ok {c fcxo~ {jcvo lcvvov ev eff~e{o-

lt ev ycvvdnlo' ]d{j go} gko~}~d{dgm {ofj-

gduov egk ò{jckclcmdov, dgv~egfo fc -

yegdov e~o xo~t eff~e{o }d{j {jod~ ov{d-

è{ov' V~o{t, cg {jo c{jo~ jegk, kcov gc{

lccb hc~ ncgk y~o`d`v {c èbo y hc~

ncgk lcvvov' Dg hef{, v~o{t fc`yegdov kc

gc{ ozyof{ fled`v cg egt ch {jod~ ncgkv' Dh

{jot kdk, {jo ncgkv }clk goxo~ jexo noog

}~d{{og dg {jo hd~v{ ylefo' [jo v~o{t dgkv{~t,

}jdlo gko~}~d{{og dg e vd`dle~ }et {c dgv~-

egfo, dv `fj `c~o ch e vollo~v è~bo{

{cket'

Dg {jo fc`dgm toe~v, fcg{~ef{c~v fegozyof{ e fcgvo~xe{dxo gko~}~d{dgm e{{d{ko

h~c` {jo v~o{t dgkv{~t' [jo ofcgc`df fcg-

kd{dcgv fcg{~dn{o {c {jo kdhhdfl{dov ègt

fcg{~ef{c~v e~o hefdgm, egk cgo ch {jo `cv{

d`yc~{eg{ evyof{v ch v~o{t gko~}~d{dgm dv

èbdgm v~o {jo fcg{~ef{c~ jev {jo feyd{el

Vu~o{t Ncgkv Nuvdgovv Dgvu~egfo O`ylctoo Nogohd{v

Cxo~ 69 toe~v ozyo~dogfo }c~bdgm }d{j fcgv{~f{dcg y~chovvdcgelv voobdgmfcv{ ohhof{dxo fcxo~emo, fc`ndgok }d{j h~dogklt, oz{~ec~kdge~t vo~xdfo%

5>86 ]ov{ Vue~o Lebo ^cek Nlcc`hdolk Jdllv, @dfjdmeg ;:69>-9:;?}}}'`tfeyd{eldgvu~egfoemog{'fc`

>;:#666->?99 Hez >;:#666->?9;

Ncn @cmlde Kcgg Acjgvcg [c` @cmlde ^cno~{ @cmlde [c` @cg~co Ok Hlo{fjo~ Ok Fldgb Ok Moc~mo [~eft Fe`dve

Vfc{{ Vegklo~ ^cno~{ Vfc{{


26/72>8 F E @ @ EM E QD G O V O Y[ O @N O ^ >9 9: Xcdfo Ch [jo Fcgv{~uf{dcg Dgkuv{~t

fcg{~ef{v y~dc~ {c nomdggdgm }c~b egk ~oh

dgm gdgv~enlo fcg{~ef{ legmemo'

[OFJGCLCMT NOE_[T C^ [JO NOEV[3

[ofjgclcmt *dgflkdgm fc``gdfe{dc

dv fjegmdgm udfblt' @egemdgm {ofjgclcm

~ole{ok ~dvb ègemoòg{ dvvov }dll no cg

ch {jo le~mov{ fjellogmov {je{ {jo kovdm

fc``gd{t }dll jexo {c hefo dg {jo fc`dg

kofeko' Ev }o `cxo `c~o {c}e~k ~oltdgm c

o-fc``gdfe{dcgv, cgldgo `ckoldgm eg

m~oog y~ef{dfov, }o }dll fcg{dgo {c no fje

logmok dg go} }etv {c ov{enldvj nov{ y~e

{dfov {c ègemo c~ ~dvb'

Ohhof{dxo fldog{ fc``gdfe{dcgv egk ~ole

{dcgvjdy ègemoòg{ }dll fcg{dgo {c nf~d{dfel dg ègemdgm ~dvb dg y~chovvdcgel vo

xdfo hd~`v' Ev `c~o egk `c~o {cclv nofc`

exedlenlo {c fc``gdfe{o udfblt egk dghc

èllt }d{j fldog{v, kovdmg y~chovvdcgelv }

gook {c ekjo~o {c e fc``d{òg{ {c kd~of

fc``gdfe{dcg' O-èdl, dgv{eg{ òvvemdg

xcdfo èdl, {oz{ òvvemdgm, egk fc``g

fe{dgm {j~cmj y~caof{ }onvd{ov c~ yc~{e

feggc{ ~oylefo {jo xelo ch ndlkdgm e mcc

yo~vcgel ~ole{dcgvjdy }d{j {jo fcg{~e

jclko~ egk#c~ y~caof{ c}go~' [jdv jev noo

egk }dll fcg{dgo {c no,{jo g`no~ cgo }e

{c y~oxog{ fled v' Ev {ofjgclcmt koldxo

fcxo~emo hc~ kovdmg#ndlk {oe`dgm e~~egmo-

òg{v {j~cmj ~o`cxel ch {jo kovdmg#ndlkozflvdcg jdv{c~dfellt dgflkok dg y~chovvdcg-

el ldendld{t ycldfdov'

Vdmgdhdfeg{ y~cm~ovv jev noog èko {c

èbo c}go~v e}e~o ch fcg{~ef{ y~cxdvdcgv

{je{ y{ nc{j {jo`volxov egk {jod~ y~chov-

vdcgel ogmdgoo~dgm egk kovdmg ye~{go~v e{

~dvb' Jcvo Ndll ?8?8, yevvok voxo~el toe~v

emc, y~cjdnd{v {jo V{e{o ch @dfjdmeg

Koye~{òg{ ch @egemoòg{ egk Nkmo{

h~c` dgvo~{dgm y~cnloè{df dgko`gdhdfe{dcg

legmemo dg kovdmg vo~xdfov y~cf~oòg{

fcg{~ef{v, eh{o~ e hll fc~{ y~ovv h~c` {jo

kovdmg egk lomel fc``gd{t, }jdfj kcf-

òg{ok {jo gome{dxo d`yef{ ch {jdv flevoegk vmmov{ok ~oylefoòg{ legmemo {c

no{{o~ vd{ {jo c}go~ egk y~chovvdcgel'

Jc}oxo~, fjellogmov ~oèdg' [ofjgclcmt

gc} {j~oe{ogv {c gko~`dgo vcò ch {jo

bot y~ef{dfov {je{ jexo jolyok kovdmg hd~`v

ègemo {jod~ ~dvb,vfj ev fldog{ fc``gdfe-

{dcgv egk kovdmg kcfòg{e{dcg egk fcg-

{~cl' C}go~v ozyof{e{dcgv jexo dgf~oevo

cxo~ {jo toe~v {c goe~lt yo~hof{dcg, oloxe{dgm

{jo y~chovvdcgel v{egke~k ch fe~o' E {dmj{og-

dgm ofcgc`t èbov hd~`v `c~o oemo~ {c

}edxo vcò ch {jo y~ef{dfov ov{enldvjok {je{

`d{dme{o ozycv~o, vfj ev cn{edgdgm vdmgok

^dvb ègemoòg{ jev d`y~cxok

{~oògkcvlt dg {jo ogmdgoo~dgm egkkovdmg y~chovvdcg cxo~ {jo lev{ {}c

kofekov' Lccbdgm nefb 5? c~ >9 toe~v emc,

y~chovvdcgel hd~`v ncmj{ eg ozyogvdxo ycl-

dft egk jcyok {jot }clk goxo~ jexo {c vo

d{' Gc}, {jovo hd~`v gko~v{egk jc} fled`v

e~dvo egk jexo dgfc~yc~e{ok y~ef{dfov dg{c

{jod~ y~caof{ ègemoòg{ egk ozof{dcg {c

~okfo {jod~ ozycv~o' [jot e~o `c~o v{~e{o-

mdf enc{ {jod~ fldog{ egk y~caof{ volof{dcg,

egk `fj `c~o vcyjdv{dfe{ok dg {jod~

gko~v{egkdgm ch fcg{~ef{ {o~`v egk fcgkd-

{dcgv'

Cxo~ {jo yev{ {}c kofekov, fcllenc~e{dxo

kovdmg jev oxclxok ev e y~oho~~ok ò{jck chy~caof{ koldxo~t, d`y~cxdgm ~dvb ègemo-

òg{ {j~cmj {jo evvcfde{ok ueld{t fcg{~cl

{je{ dv dg{~dgvdfellt ye~{ ch {jdv y~cfovv'

Fcllenc~e{dcg k~dxov fcg{dgcv hooknefb

h~c` {jo c}go~ egk c{jo~ kovdmg {oe`

ò`no~v, ~okfdgm o~~c~v egk c`dvvdcgv

egk `dvfc``gdfe{dcg {je{ feg loek {c

lomel ef{dcg'

Dg ekkd{dcg, dgv~egfo ycldfdov e~o n~ceko~

{jeg {jot jexo oxo~ noog, fcxo~dgm e~oev

vfj ev ycll{dcg, }jdfj }ev gc{ dgv~enlo

vcò toe~v emc' Dgv~egfo fe~~do~v vyofdeldq-

dgm dg kovdmg y~chovvdcgelv e~o d`y~cxdgm

D G V _ ^ E G F O #

N C G K D G M

Nt @dbo Fcvm~cxo egk Mlogg Elbd~o,

Y~chovvdcgel Fcgfoy{v Dgv~egfo Emogft



`c~o egk `c~o {cclv {c fc``gdfe{o

~o`c{olt, y~chovvdcgel vo~xdfo hd~`v `v{

fcg{o~ }d{j y~c{cfclv {je{ g~{~o koxol-

cyòg{ ch yo~vcgel ~ole{dcgvjdyv {j~cmj

hefo {dò'

Ndlkdgm Dghc~è{dcg @ckoldgm, c~ ND@, dv

egc{jo~ oze`ylo ch {ofjgclcmt-k~dxog fc`-

`gdfe{dcg {je{ dv fjellogmdgm ~dvb ègemo-

òg{ y~ef{dfov dg kovdmg hd~`v' [jo ndmmov{

~dvb ègemoòg{ fjellogmo }d{j ND@ dv {je{

{jo dgkv{~t f~~og{lt hefov cglt eg{dfdye{ok

y~cnlo`v2 {jo {ofjgclcmt dv vc go} {je{

y~ofokog{v jexo gc{ noog vo{, fevo le} jev

gc{ cff~~ok, egk {jo~ohc~o, vcl{dcgv {c

yc{og{del y~cnlo`v jexo gc{ noog koxol-

cyok c~ {ov{ok'

D`yc~{eg{ uov{dcgv ~oèdg ~ome~kdgm ND@1

M ]jc fcg{~clv {jo `ckol3

M ]jc dv ~ovycgvdnlo hc~ {jo eff~eft ch{jo dgy{{ok dghc~è{dcg3

M ]jc c}gv {jo kovdmg3

M Jc} dv ldendld{t evvovvok3

M Kcov dgv~egfo fcxo~ o~~c~v egk

c`dvvdcgv dh }o feg{ ydgycdg{ {jo

vc~fo ch {jo dghc~è{dcg3

M Dv {jdv {ccl e nogohd{ c~ e v{`nldgm

nlcfb3

[jo m~oog kovdmg `cxoòg{ dv medgdgm

v{oe` dg ell è~bo{ vof{c~v, egk {jo kovdmg

fc``gd{t dv ~efdgm {c no dg {jo meò'

Jc}oxo~, {jdv {ofjgclcmt, {cc, f~oe{ov e

èac~ ~dvb ègemoòg{ uov{dcg1 Dh {jondlkdgm kcov gc{ yo~hc~` {jo }et d{ dv vy-

ycvok {c yo~hc~`, }jcvo y~cnlo` dv d{3 _y

{c {jdv ycdg{, gc fled`v jexo noog hdlok {c

nomdg {jo y~cfovv gookok {c egv}o~ {je{

uov{dcg'

Vè~{ oudyòg{ }dll no egc{jo~ e~oe

}jo~o }o voo {ofjgclcmt fjellogmdgm {~ekd-

{dcgel ~dvb ègemoòg{ y~ef{dfov' [jdv

oudyòg{ vov kovdmg ke{e {c kd~of{ vd{o

}c~b' ]je{ dh {jo ke{e dv }~cgm c~ kcov gc{

fcgvdko~ ell ch {jo vd{o fcgkd{dcgv3 ]jo~o

kcov {jo oudyòg{ cyo~e{c~v ~ovycgvdndld-

{t {c dg{o~xogo v{e~{3

[jovo e~o cglt e ho} oze`ylov ch ~dvb

ègemoòg{ fjellogmov {je{ }dll fcò

h~c` ~eydklt ekxegfdgm {ofjgclcmt dg {jo

kovdmg hdolk%

ÔMDCGELDQE[DCG, MLCNELDQE[DCG EGK

^DVB @EGEMO@OG[

@egt @dfjdmeg hd~`v e~o lccbdgm c{vdko

{jo v{e{o hc~ ~oxogo vc~fov nc{j ~omdcg-

ellt egk mlcnellt' [jdv mocm~eyjdf m~c}{j

mogo~e{ov dgv~egfo gookv {je{ èt no go}

{c ègt hd~`v'

Ch{og, ev hd~`v `cxo {j~cmj {jo v{oyv ch


28/72>: F E @ @ EM E QD G O V O Y[ O @N O ^ >9 9: Xcdfo Ch [jo Fcgv{~uf{dcg Dgkuv{~t

M Ov{enldvj e kcfòg{e{dcg y~cfovv

hc~ o-fc``gdfe{dcg' Dg e {tydfel hd~`,

oxo~t o`ylctoo kcfòg{v o-fc``gd-

fe{dcg kdhho~og{lt' Ov{enldvjdgm e hd~ -

}dko y~c{cfcl y~c{of{v tc~ hd~`,

d`y~cxov ohhdfdogft, egk hefdld{e{ov dghc~-

è{dcg ~o{~doxel' *@cxdgm {c e yeyo~lovv

vtv{o`3 @ebo v~o tc~ kdmd{el ~ofc~kv

e~o effovvdnlo dg {jo h{~o% Oudyòg{

dv c{ke{dgm òkde xo~t udfblt'$

M Y~ef{dfo y~cef{dxo ~dvb ègemoòg{

e{ ell loxolv ch tc~ hd~ ' Dgxclxo tc~

v{ehh dg {~edgdgm vo`dge~v {c joly {jo`

gko~v{egk egk ègemo ~dvb cg {jo acn-

vd{o, dg {jo chhdfo, egk {j~cmj fcg{~ef{v'

M Mo{ {c bgc} tc~ dgv~egfo emog{'

Tc~ dgv~egfo emog{ vjclk gko~v{egk

tc~ nvdgovv egk {jo dgv~egfo dgkv-{~t' [jot feg joly tc ~oxdo} fcg{~ef{v,

d`y~cxo tc~ nvdgovv y~ef{dfov, egv}o~

uov{dcgv, egk vo~xo ev tc~ ekxcfe{o dh e

fled` e~dvov' Tc~ dgv~egfo emog{ vjclk

no cgo ch tc~ {~v{ok ekxdvc~v'

Y~chovvdcgel Fcgfoy{v Dgvu~egfo Emogf*YFDE$, N~dmj{cg, jev noog jolydgy~chovvdcgel ogmdgoo~dgm egk kovdmg hd~`v hccxo~ {}c kofekov }d{j ~dvb ègemoòg{'

@dbo Fcvm~cxo, y~ovdkog{ YFDE, y~cxdkok ekxdfo egk vo~xok ev e ~ovcu~fo ègt ch @dfjdmegv {cy e~fjd{of{u~el egogmdgoo~dgm hd~`v' @dbo y~cxdkov ~dvègemoòg{ fcgvul{e{dcg, okufe{dcgvo`dge~v, egk fcg{~ef{ ~oxdo}v h~c` e

dgvu~endld{t egk ~dvb ègemoòg{ v{egkycdgMlogg Elbd~o, xdfo y~ovdkog{ YFDEvyofdeldqov dg y~cxdkdgm ~dvb ègemoògvo~xdfov egk dgvu~egfo y~ckuf{v hc~ kovdm y~chovvdcgelv' Jo jev oz{ogvdxo ozyo~dog}d{j ugko~}~d{dgm egk ylefoòg{ ch nuvdgovdgvu~egfo egk y~chovvdcgel ldendld{t, dgflukdgy~caof{ vyofdhdf fcxo~emo'

`cxdgm cyo~e{dcgv c{ ch v{e{o, dgv~egfo

fcxo~emo dv e lev{ dg{o {jcmj{, c~ yo~-

jeyv gc{ e fcgvdko~e{dcg' [c joly vehome~k

tc~ hd~` h~c` gbgc}g ekkd{dcgel ozyogv-

ov fcg{ef{ tc~ dgv~egfo emog{ {c ko{o~-

`dgo {jo ~e{ov, ycld{dfel d{o v ch dg{o~ov{ hc~

{jo ye~{dfle~ e~oe, o{f' Jexdgm kdvfvvdcgv

}d{j tc~ dgv~egfo ~oy~ovog{e{dxo oe~lt dg

{jo yleggdgm v{emov feg joly exo~{ v~y~dvov

le{o~ cg'

H~{jo~, tc~ gc~èl y~chovvdcgel ldendld{t

dgv~egfo èt gc{ no vhhdfdog{ {c kc nvd-

govv dg c{jo~ fcg{~dov, oxog dh d{ v{e{ov {je{

tc jexo }c~lk}dko fcxo~emo' ]o voo

~ouov{v h~c` c~ fldog{v {jot ~ofodxo h~c`

{jod~ hc~odmg fldog{v hc~ ek`d{{ok fcxo~emo dg

e hc~odmg fcg{~t' Y~chovvdcgel ldendld{t dgv~-

o~v e~o gc{ ldfogvok ègt {dòv dg e vyofdhdf

fcg{~t' H~cg{dgm e~~egmoòg{v gook {c

no ov{enldvjok {c fc`ylt }d{j {jo ek`d{{okv{e{v' Oxo~t fcg{~t dv e kdhho~og{ vd{e{dcg'

Dgv~egfo fe~~do~v }d{j mlcnel ozyo~dogfo

vjclk no fcgvl{ok' [jo dgv~egfo emog{ dv

bot {c è{fjdgm {jo ~dmj{ fe~~do~ {c {jo

fldog{ voobdgm mlcnel }c~b'

^DVB @EGEMO@OG[ [C KC LDV[

^dvb ègemoòg{ feg no n~cek egk fc`-

yloz' [jo hcllc}dgm {c kcldv{ dv y~cxdkok {c

joly y~chovvdcgel ogmdgoo~dgm egk kovdmg

hd~`v ekk~ovv f~d{dfel e~oev ch ~dvb ègemo-

òg{1

M Me~k tc~ v{egke~k ch fe~o' [jdv

v{e~{v }d{j }je{ dv }~d{{og dg tc~ è~-

bo{dgm è{o~delv, y~cycvelv egk }onvd{o'

No fe~ohl gc{ {c oloxe{o tc~ hd~`v v{eg-

ke~k ch fe~o egk glldht lomel y~ofokog{v

{je{ feg y~c{of{ tc~ hd~` nt cxo~ ~oefj-

dgm dg eg e{{o`y{ {c voll' _vo fevo v{k-

dov ch tc~ y~caof{v {c ko`cgv{~e{o tc~

feyendld{dov2 kcg{ vet ]o~o {jo nov{, c~

tc et ogk y {~tdgm {c kohdgo nov{ dg

fc~{'

M ôyc~{ è{{o~v oe~lt' Fled v feg mo{

kogdok nofevo ch le{o gc{dfo' Dh eg dgfd-

kog{ feg ~oevcgenlt loek {c e fled` dg

{jo h{~o, {jog ~oyc~{ d{ {c tc~ dgv~-

egfo fe~~do~' Le{o ~oyc~{dgm ch e è{{o~

eh{o~ e hd~` {~dov {c vo{{lo {jo fevo cg

{jod~ c}g }dll loek {c jmo y~cnlo`v

le{o~ dgflkdgm kogdel ch fcxo~emo nt

{jo dgv~o~ dg vcò fevo' D{v nov{ {c

~oyc~{ yc{og{del e{{o~v''

D G V _ ^ E G F O #

N C G K D G M

Vyofdeldqdgm dg

O'D'H'V'

Fc`ò~fdel Oz{o~dc~ egk

Dg{o~dc~ Ylev{o~dgm

>5=?9 Vfjòèg]e~~og, @dfjdmeg ;:9:4

*?:8$ ==?-:=99HEZ *?:8$ ==?-==5=

Fcvm~cxo Elbd~o


29/72



f~oe{ok e noefcg ch ogldmj{ogok ~okoxolcyòg{ }d{j {jo fcgxo~vdcg ch {jdv 54>ndlkdgm dg{c e `ckol ch ogo~mt-ohhdfdogfegk }dvo ~ovc~fo vo, ell e{ e ègemoenfcv{'

[jo go}lt ~ov{c~ok ndlkdgm o`nckdo{jo nov{ ch {}c fog{~dov1 {jo oe~lt >9{fog{~tv uov{ hc~ f~eh{vègvjdy egk {jf~~og{ k~dxo hc~ ogo~mt ohhdfdogft' [jolomeg{ vyd~el ch {jo lcnnt v{ed~fevo dv

~oè~benlo dg e cgfo cnvclovfog{ :9-toe~-clk jdv{c~df v{~f{~o' Fj~dv{ègvm~oog ~ojendld{e{dcg ch e kde`cgk dg {jo~cmj dg{c d{v c}g ge{dcgel joekue~{o~vdg kc}g{c}g Legvdgm, oe~gok {jo kcnloYle{dg` kovdmge{dcg hc~ fc~o egk vjollegk hc~ fc`ò~fdel ndlkdgm dg{o~dc~v'Y~ovo~xdgm {jo yev{ egk f~oe{dgm e no{{o~h{~o, Fj~dv{èg egk d{v kovdmg ye~{go~,V`d{jM~cy Dgfc~yc~e{ok, Ko{~cd{, jexo

^ O G C X E [ D C G #

^ O V [ C ^ E [ D C G

@EBDGM JDV[C^T@EBDGM JDV[C^Te{ [jo Fj~dv{èg Fc`yegtv

Go} Joekue~{o~v

Nudlkdgm Efjdoxov

Kuel Yle{dgu` LOOK

dg [}c Fe{omc~dov

Nt @e~t O' B~o`ycvbt,Evvcfde{o Okd{c~

Yjc{cv Fcu~{ovt chMogo @oekc}v egk[jo Fj~dv{èg Fc`yegt

Bgc}g hc~ y~ovo~xdgm jdv{c~t dg n~dfb egk v{cgo, [jo Fj~dv{ègFc`yegt, Legvdgm, dv gc} èbdgm

jdv{c~t }d{j {jo efjdoxoòg{ ch e mlcnel`dlov{cgo1 {jo }c~lkv hd~v{ ndlkdgm {ce{{edg LOOK fo~{dhdfe{dcg e{ {jo Yle{dg`loxol dg {}c fe{omc~dov' ]jdlo Yle{dg` dv{jo ydggeflo ch {jo LOOK ~e{dgm vtv{o`,efjdoxdgm kcnlo Yle{dg` dv gy~ofo-kog{ok' [jdv efjdoxoòg{ dv oxog `c~o



fjey{o~ dg {jo jdv{c~t ch [jo Fj~dv{èFc`yegt {je{ jek noog nevok dg e 5:,99vue~o-hcc{ ndlkdgm ch d{v c}g fcgv{~{dcg vdgfo 54>=' ]o hol{ d{ }ev {jo yo~hohd{ hc~ c~ fc`yegt, egk }o `cxok xo~udfblt {c vof~o e fcg{~ef{, vedk FevjEyy~czdè{olt 89,999-vue~o-hoo{ ch vyefdg {jo xo~t joe~{ ch kc}g{c}g Legvdgm egef~cvv h~c` {jo @dfjdmeg V{e{o Feyd{ck~o} {jo e{{og{dcg ch {jo 55;-toe~-clk hd~`{je{ jev ~ov{c~ok {jo V{e{o Feyd{cl ndlkdgegk xd~{ellt fcgv{~f{ok {jo og{d~o Feyd{cFc`yloz, `dgv cgo v{~f{~o'

]o }o~o xo~t d`y~ovvok }d{j {j ndlkdgm, nofevo ch d{v lcfe{dcg eg nofevo ch c~ boog dg{o~ov{ dg jdv{c~e~fjd{of{~o egk y~ovo~xe{dcg, Fevj vedk[jo~o dv e xo~t v{~cgm, yelyenlo hooldgm cjdv{c~t dg {jo ndlkdgm'

Hcgkok dg 5::5, @dfjdmeg @dllo~@{el Dgv~egfo Fc`yegt dgv~ok m~ed`dllv cyo~e{dgm ef~cvv {jo @dfjdmeg joe~legk' Fe~xok ldòv{cgo ko{edlv dg {jo n~dfegk ldòv{cgo heeko ~oy~ovog{ {jo engkeg{ }joe{ je~xov{, egk gdgo c~dmdgel dlv{cgov h~c` {jo 5:99v e~o gc} kdvyletoelcgm {jo ndlkdgmv legkvfeyok nc~ko~ cFeyd{cl Exogo'

Fj~dv{èg jev noog dg nvdgovv vdgfo 5:4;egk V`d{jM~cy jev noog y~ef{dfdgm vdgfo5:?6' Dg volof{dgm V`d{jM~cy ev e~fjd{of{,}o hol{ fjo`dv{~t no{}oog {jo fc`yegdov}ev d`yc~{eg{, kooy bgc}lokmo ch jdv{c~dfndlkdgm e~fjd{of{~o egk {jo v{egke~kv hc~~ov{c~e{dcg ch jdv{c~df ndlkdgmv hc~ {ezf~okd{ y~ycvov, ylv bgc}lokmo ch vv-{edgenlo kovdmg vtv{o`v, vedk Aeòv Fevj,y~ovdkog{ egk fjdoh cyo~e{dgm chhdfo~ chFj~dv{èg Feyd{el Koxolcyòg{Fc`yegt, {jo chhdfdel c}go~ ch {jo ndlk-dgm egk cgo ch Fj~dv{ègv {j~oo og{o~-y~dvov' Dh tc y{ {jcvo {j~oo hef{c~v{cmo{jo~, {jo~o e~og{ xo~t ègt hd~`v {je{jexo {je{ bdgk ch ozyo~{dvo, egk vc d{ }eveg oevt fell' [jo {}c hd~`v jexo }c~bok{cmo{jo~ vdgfo {jo oe~lt 5499v, egk k~o}ycg cxo~ >84 toe~v ch f`le{dxo ozyo~d-

ogfo dg ~ojendld{e{dgm {jdv ndlkdgm }d{j d{vc}g v{c~dok yev{ {clk dg ldòv{cgo,Yo}endf {dlo egk }cgko~hllt f~eh{ok }el-g{ `dll}c~b'

E V[C^DOK YEV[

Fj~dv{ègv hd~v{ {c~ ch {jo clk @{elNdlkdgm glcfbok {jo yc{og{del ch {jdvxefeg{ v{~f{~o egk cyogok e go}

je~`cgt ch Yo}endf egk Nlov{cgo {dlov'C~megdf, hlc}dgm vyd~elv ch kofc~e{dxoò{el dg e xo~kdm~dv n~cgqo hdgdvj hc~` {jonelv{o~v ch {jdv hdxo-v{c~t v{ed~}et }dgk-dgm {j~cmj {jo hc~ò~ joekue~{o~v ch {jo@dfjdmeg @dllo~v @{el Hd~o Dgv~egfoFc`yegt' El{cmo{jo~, {jo ndlkdgmv c~dm-dgel oloòg{v e~o e nlogk ch E~{ Kofc }d{jd{v qoel hc~ {jo y~olt noe{dhl, egk {joE~{v egk F~eh{v @cxoòg{ }d{j d{v kooy~ovyof{ hc~ f~eh{vègvjdy egk {jo }c~b chjèg jegkv cxo~ {jo èfjdgo~t ch èvvy~ckf{dcg'

]jdlo vcò dg {jo le{o 54{j {c oe~lt >9{jfog{~t E~{v egk F~eh{v @cxoòg{ ~edlokemedgv{ {jo efjdgo, {cket }o e~o voe~fj-dgm hc~ {jo ~dmj{ èfjdgo c~ m~cy ch vtv-{o`v {c ohhdfdog{lt yc}o~ egk ldmj{ c~ ndlkdgmv' [jdv dggcxe{dxo y~caof{

o`ylctv voxo~el ch {jovo vtv{o`v, tdolkdgme v{~f{~o }d{j d`y~ovvdxo ~ovl{v1 e ;9yo~fog{ ~okf{dcg dg }e{o~ vo xde kelhlvj egk lc}-hlc} hdz{~ov egk e ndlkdgmozfookdgm `dgd`` ogo~mt ohhdfdogft~oud~oòg{v nt 6; yo~fog{' [jo nov{-y~ef{dfov fevo ch [jo Fj~dv{èg Ndlkdgmjev jolyok ozyegk {jo ncgke~dov ch}je{v ycvvdnlo dg jdmj-yo~hc~ègfo, ogo~-mt-ohhdfdog{ ndlkdgmv, egk vjclk y~cxdkoeg dgvyd~e{dcg hc~ c{jo~v, vedk ^dfbHok~dqqd, y~ovdkog{, FOC, egk hcgkdgmFjed~ ch {jo _'V' M~oog Ndlkdgm Fcgfdl,ev uc{ok dg Fj~dv{èg-vyyldok dghc~è-

{dcg' Hok~dqqd {~exolok {c Legvdgm egk yo~-vcgellt y~ovog{ok {jo {}c LOOK Yle{dg`-loxol {~cyjdov {c Fj~dv{èg dg le{o @et>99:'

[jo Fj~dv{èg Fc`yegt egkV`d{jM~cy e~o yo~hof{lt vd{ok {c n~dgm{jo +55 `dlldcg kclle~ y~caof{ {c ldho, nc{jjexdgm e kooylt ~cc{ok o{jdf egk v{~cgmy~caof{ yc~{hcldcv dg jdv{c~df y~ovo~xe{dcgegk vv{edgendld{t' Dg hef{, {jo y~caof{ {oe`}ev gc{ ef{ellt ed`dgm hc~ Yle{dg`LOOK dg od{jo~ fe{omc~t' D{ ell feò ge{-~ellt ev eg chhvjcc{ ch oefj fc`yegtv fc~o

xelov' D{ dv {jo kdhho~ogfo no{}oog {oefj-dgm {c {jo oze` c~ {oefjdgm e jdmj-ueld{tfc~vo egk {jog {ov{dgm {jo bgc}lokmo}d{j {jo oze`, vedk Mexdg Me~kd, LOOKEY, Fj~dv{ègv vv{edgenlo y~cm~e`vègemo~' ]o kdk {jo le{{o~' Ev e {oe`, }okovdmgok e jdmj-ueld{t Flevv E, vv{edg-enlo, ohhdfdog{ egk xo~t hgf{dcgel ndlk-dgm' ]o {jog vok {jo LOOK fjofbldv{ {cvet, ]oll, cg e vv{edgenlo te~kv{dfb jc}kdk }o kc3 D{ {~gok c{ }o kdk xo~t}oll'

Ozyo~dogfo elvc n~ok vffovv' Nc{j fc`-yegdov jexo e lcgm egk v{c~dok jdv{c~t2

[jo Fj~dv{èg Fc`yegt fcgxo~{ok e _-vjeyok ldmj{ }oll dg {jo nefb ch {jo ndlkdgm dg{c eg

ogflcvok e{~d` gc} fellok Fj~dv{èg Vue~o'


32/726> F E @ @ EM E QD G O V O Y[ O @N O ^ >9 9: Xcdfo Ch [jo Fcgv{~uf{dcg Dgkuv{~t

koxolcyòg{ fcv{v nt enc{ 69 yo~fog{vedk Fevj' Xe~dcv ofcgc`df koxolcyòg{ {cclv e~o kovdmgok {c y~c`c{o y~c aof{v vfj ev {jovo egk èbo {jo` ofgc`dfellt hoevdnlo }jo~o {jot }clk gcno hoevdnlo cg e v{egk-elcgo nevdv'

Fevj ldv{v {jo èdg {cclv dg {jdv dg{~fe{olt evvo`nlok ofcgc`df koxolcyògyefbemo1 >9 yo~fog{ hdgegfok {j~cmj hoko~el jdv{c~df {ez f~okd{v, ? yo~fog{ {j~cmv{e{o jdv{c~df {ez f~okd{v, ylv e v{e{N~c}ghdolk m~eg{ hc~ hgf{dcgellt cnvclofog{ ndlkdgmv, {ez ene{oòg{v {j~cmj {jhoko~el Cnvclo{o Y~cyo~{t ôjendld{e{dcEf{ ellc}dgm {jo ndlkdgm c}go~ {c h~ooqy~cyo~{t {ezov e{ y~o-koxolcyòg{ loxolegk e hoko~el Go} @e~bo{ {ez f~okd{, fc`yloz hgkdgm òfjegdv` chho~dg~okoxolcyòg{ hdgegfdgm y~dè~dlt hc

~neg y~caof{v'

E N_DLKDGM EV V_G FE[FJO^

Fj~dv{èg egk V`d{jM~cy ò{dflcvlt y~ovo~xok {jo }cgko~hllt dg{eegk c~ge{o vyefov ch {jdv oe~lt >9{j fog{~t v{~f{~o' El{o~e{dcgv {c {jdv m~egk clndlkdgm }o~o ozof{ok }d{j vogvd{dxd{t {

y~caof{ ègemo~ cxo~voodgm fcgv{~f{dcgcyo~e{dcgv hc~ {jo ogkoexc~'

[jo ndlkdgmv v{c~t {ccb e lovv dllv{~d-cv {~g }d{j {jo ozd{ ch {jo dgv~egfofc`yegt h~c` {jo v{~f{~o dg 54?='Xe~dcv V{e{o ch @dfjdmeg chhdfov {ccbcffyegft g{dl {jo ndlkdgm nofeòxefeg{ egk holl dg{c kdv~oyed~' Fj~dv{ègvegk V`d{jM~cyv }oll-{~edgok oto fclkvogvo {jo ndlkdgmv c~dmdgel vylogkc~{j~cmj leto~v ch m~dò, e eqo ch cko~gdg{o~dc~ ye~{d{dcgv, egk {jo nlegbo{ ch ck-o~g ue~~t {dlo fcgfoeldgm {jo lcnntv c~dm-dgel Nlov{cgo hlcc~dgm'

N{ nohc~o {jo kdleydke{ok ndlkdgmfclk no fcgxo~{ok dg{c e vjc}fevo hc~Fj~dv{ègv feyendld{dov egk hc~ d{v noldohdg jdv{c~df y~ovo~xe{dcg egk vv{edgendld{t,cgo f~fdel m~oog è{o~del gookok {c no

v{cfbydlok1 `cgot' Hc~{ge{olt,Fj~dv{èg Feyd{el Koxolcyòg{Fc`yegtv 5? toe~v ch ozyo~dogfo }d{jevvo`nldgm hdgegfdgm hc~ fc`yloz, ~neg~okoxolcyòg{ y~caof{v, vfj ev {jo hc~-ò~ @{el Ndlkdgm, }c~bok {c d{v c}gekxeg{emo' Cg e go{ nevdv, }o }o~o y~cn-enlt enlo {c ~okfo c~ cxo~ell y~caof{

[jo c~dmdgel c}go~v loh{ {jod~ dgkoldnlod`y~dg{ cg {jo dg{o~dc~' Vch{, ~dfjlt fclc~okYo}endf effog{ {dlov }oexo elcgm {jo nc~-ko~v ch {jo `{ok n~c}g Yo}endf {dlo}ellv' [jo v{c~t dv {je{ @{el ozof{dxov}o~o v{~cgm vyc~{v hegv, egk {jo vfjccl fcl-c~v ch ell {jo Ndm [og gdxo~vd{dov e~o dgledkdg{c {jo Yo}endf {dlo fclc~ vfjoò cg {johd~v{-loxolv èdg fc~~dkc~ egk v{ed~ lcnnt,vedk Fevj' [jo hc~ò~ @{el nce~k-~cc` egk ozof{dxo chhdfov cg {jo hd~v{loxol elvc fcg{edg vcò vyof{efle~ }cckyegoldgm {je{ }ev ell dg{ef{'

[jo v{~f{~o dv ldv{ok cg {jo Ge{dcgelômdv{o~ ch Jdv{c~df Ylefov, d{v vdmgdhdfegfo~cc{ok dg {jo hef{ {je{ {jo hc~ò~ @{elNdlkdgm è~bok {jo oò~mogfo chLegvdgm ev e jn hc~ {jo dgv~egfo dgkv-{~t' Elvc, {jo e~fjd{of{ }ev Fjdfemc-nevok

Ycgk ( Ycgk, @e~{dg egk Llctk, e hed~lty~c`dgog{ hd~` {je{ kovdmgok vfj v{e{oltndlkdgmv ev {jo _gdxo~vd{t ch @dfjdmegv_gdcg egk {jo @dfjdmeg Fln, ev }oll ev@dfjdmeg V{e{o _gdxo~vd{tv _gdcg ellndlkdgmv {je{ e~o ye~{ ch fcllomde{o Mc{jdf~oxdxel, vedk Me~t E' Vfjo~og,Fj~dv{èg y~caof{ ozof{dxo egk vogdc~

^ O G C X E [ D C G #

^ O V [ C ^ E [ D C G

[o~~t M~dhhdg

Ndll Yd~~o{

[c` [c~qo}vbd

['A' M~dhhdg

Acjg Nukko

V{oxo N~egkcg

H~ok [o~gov

@dbo Cvò~

Moc~mo Y~cxc

Aohh Je`ldg

[c` V{e{lt

@e~b Y~cxc

Ldlldeg Ku~je`

Fje~logo N~ekt

Ye{ ]dllde`v

DGV_ÊGFO EGK NCGKV HC^

[JO FCGV[^_F[DCG DGK_V[^T

6=999 M~egk ^dxo~, Vud{o 5?9, Y'C' Ncz >444

He~`dgm{cg Jdllv, @D ;:666->444

*>;:$ ;=5-94=9 HEZ *>;:$ ;=5-98;5

}}}'mv}dgv'fc`



}c~b dg{c {jo vyefo, vedk Me~kd' ô`cxch {jo og{d~o ofjegdfel vtv{o` egk dgv{ele{dcg ch eg gko~hlcc~ JXEF ed~ kdv{~dn{dcg vtv{o` ellc}ok Fj~dv{èg {c èbvo ch {jo hll jodmj{ ch {jo }dgkc}' ]d{e lcgm ldv{ ch nogohd{v {c d{v f~okd{ egoxog e LOOK f~okd{ - {jo gko~hlcc~ vt{o` dv e yo~hof{ oze`ylo ch {jo y~caof{

neklt ko{o~dc~e{ok egk ~oylefok }d{jjdmj-ohhdfdogft el`dg` }dgkc}vkovdmgok {c è{fj {jo ozdv{dgm vdmj{ ldgovegk ~oyldfe{o {jo dèmo ch e kcnlo-jgm}dgkc}, vedk Vfjo~og'

Cg {jo dg{o~dc~, e vffovvdcg ch `cko~g{ogeg{v jek nlcfbok {jo yyo~ ~oefjov ch{jo }dgkc}v }d{j k~cy fodldgmv {c hd{ kf{-

{jo ndlkdgmv jdv{c~dfel fje~ef{o~' [jo _-vjeyok ndlkdgm jev e ldmj{ }oll dg {jonefb, kovdmgok {c k~e} ketldmj{ dg{c {jodg{o~dc~' V`d{jM~cy ogflcvok {jo ldmj{}oll }d{j e mlevv egk el`dg` e{~d`vbtldmj{ }jcvo ogk }ellv oz{ogk vldmj{ltnotcgk {jo flet {dlo ye~eyo{ egk ogk }ellch {jo c~dmdgel ndlkdgm' [jo ~ovl{ dv eldmj{-hdllok vyefo }d{j {jo c~dmdgel flet{dlo ye~eyo{ gov{lok }d{jdg {jo e{~d`, d{v~ok flet egk kofc~e{dxo f~xov floe~lt xdv-dnlo }d{jdg {jo fcg{o`yc~e~t e{~d` ndl{{c je~xov{ ketldmj{ }d{jdg d{v mlevv }ellv'[jo go} vbtldmj{ vo~xov ev e nefbk~cy {c{jo clk n~dfb ldmj{ fc~{, vedk K' N~ccboV`d{j, EDE, LOOK EY, y~dgfdyel,V`d{jM~cy' [jo~o }ev e fcgvfdcvkofdvdcg {c floe~lt koldgoe{o no{}oog clkegk go}'

Ekkok Vfjo~og, V`d{jM~cyvkovdmg ellc}v tc {c ozyo~dogfo {jo hllfcghdgov ch {jo clk ldmj{ fc~{' Vèll vof-{dcgv ch {jo clk ye~eyo{ e~o oxog ozycvokvldmj{lt nefb h~c` {jo okmo ch {jo vdz{j-hlcc~ òqqegdgo cxo~lccbdgm {jdv vg-}evjok fegtcg }jcvo }ellv ~o{edg {jondlkdgmv c~dmdgel n~dfb egk v{ool-h~eòk}dgkc}v'

E vdz{j loxol ekkd{dcg feyv {jo hdxo-v{c~tndlkdgm, n{ dv vo{ nefb h~c` {jo okmo xdee nelfcgt {c excdk è~~dgm {jo clk @{elNdlkdgmv jdv{c~dfel fc~gdfo ldgo' [jo}jd{o kcò ch {jo V{e{o Feyd{cl ndlkdgm

xdvellt yc~v {j~cmj {jo hlcc~-{c-fodldgm}dgkc}v ch {jo vdz{j-hlcc~ fcgho~ogfo egk nce~k~cc`' [jo òo{dgm ~cc`v egk nel-fcgt }d{j fcg{edgo~v nlcc`dgm }d{jge{dxo }dlkhlc}o~v chho~ e nd~kv-oto xdo}ch {jo og{d~o Feyd{cl Fc`yloz, {jo Jell ch Av{dfo, egk c{jo~ y~c`dgog{ ndlkdgmvndl{ nt Fj~dv{èg egk vy~oek c{ ldbo ek~e}g èy ch {jo y~cldhdf fc`yegtvefjdoxoòg{v'

Fcg{dgdgm d{v ketldmj{ je~xov{dgm, {joy~caof{ {oe` y~ovo~xok egk gfcxo~ok {jon~dok yyo~ ~oefjov ch {jo {ell, hll-jodmj{

}dgkc}v ~dgmdgm ell hdxo hlcc~v' Y~cxdgm{je{ jdv{c~df y~ovo~xe{dcg egk vv{edgendld-{t e~o mcck godmjnc~v, ~ov{c~dgm {jo jdv-{c~df }dgkc} fcghdm~e{dcg tdolkok e vdm-gdhdfeg{ ~okf{dcg dg olof{~df vemo egk {jokoldxo~t ch ketldmj{ egk yloeveg{ xdo}v {cxd~{ellt oxo~t }c~bv{e{dcg'

Cg {jo oz{o~dc~, {jo kdleydke{ok }cckvevjov ch {jo c~dmdgel, kcnlo-jgm }dg-kc}v }o~o ~ov{c~ok egk kcnlo-mleqokmlevv dgv{ellok, y~ovo~xdgm {jo heekov jdv-{c~dfel eyyoe~egfo egk nccv{dgm d{v ogo~mtohhdfdogft' V{ool, kcnlo-jgm }dgkc}vcg {jo c{jo~ {j~oo ndlkdgm oloxe{dcgv }o~o

VYOFDELDQDGM DG [JO FCGV_L[DGM, KOVDMG EGKDGV[ELLE[DCG CH E^FJD[OF[_ÊL VJOO[ @O[EL

]C^B2 FCYYO^ ^CCHDGM2 VLE[O EGK FLET [DLO

FEVV VJOO[ @O[EL*656$ ?=5- F'E'V'V'?8;5 FCGGO^ KO[^CD[, @D ;:>56

GO] FÊGN^CCB CNVO^XE[C^TJOG^T HC^K OV[E[O

]ETGO V[E[O NCGV[OLLO [JOE[O^

V[E[O FEYD[CL

VYOFDELDQDGM DG [JO FCGV_L[DGM, KOVDMG EGKDGV[ELLE[DCG CH E^FJD[OF[_ÊL VJOO[ @O[EL

]C^B2 FCYYO^ ^CCHDGM2 VLE[O EGK FLET [DLO

FÊGN^CCB BDGMV]CCK

]ETGO V[E[O NCGV[OLLO [JOE[O^

FÊGN^CCB BDGMV]CCK V[E[O FEYD[CL

GO] FÊGN^CCB CNVO^XE[C^TJOG^T HC^K OV[E[O


34/726; F E @ @ EM E QD G O V O Y[ O @N O ^ >9 9: Xcdfo Ch [jo Fcgv{~uf{dcg Dgkuv{~t

Fj~dv{èg oe~gok e LOOK ycdg{ hc~ ketldmj{dgm egk xdo}v, ylv {jo jdmj loxolv c

ge{~el ldmj{ ellc}ok dgv{elle{dcg ch ldmj{dgm vtv{o` vdgm enc{ >= yo~fog{ loogo~mt {jeg e fcko ndlkdgm }cl~oud~o, vedk Me~kd' Nofevo }o jexengkeg{ }dgkc}v hc~ ketldmj{dgm, }kovdmgok {jo nefbm~cgk ldmj{ loxol {c 6hcc{ fegklov, }jdfj dv e{ {jo lc} ogk ch {jkovdmg vyof{~`' ]oxo goxo~ jek e ~oekdgm ch lovv {jeg =?-hcc{ fegklov oxog cg {jflckdov{ ket' Ell {jo vyefov jexo {evldmj{dgm dh e yo~vcg }eg{v d{ e ld{{lo n~dmj{odg {jod~ c}g chhdfo'

Dgv{elldgm e ~edvok hlcc~ vtv{o` ld{o~ellf~oe{ok e loxol yletdgm hdolk nc{j hc~ {j

dg{om~e{ok kovdmg eyy~cefj, {jo v{~e{omt~ovycgvdnlo hc~ {jo koldxo~t ch {jo kel

Yle{dg` fo~{dhdfe{dcg e{ e ~oevcgenlo fcv{'Cgo ch {jo botv {c vv{edgenlo kovdmg dv}je{ dv fellok dg{om~e{ok kovdmg, vedkMe~kd' V`d{jM~cy dv xo~t mcck e{ {joy~cfovv ch jexdgm kdhho~og{ kdvfdyldgov}c~bdgm {cmo{jo~ vc {je{ cgo vcl{dcgvclxov ègt y~cnlo`v' [jo ~edvok hlcc~vtv{o` vclxok enc{ hc~ kdhho~og{ y~cn-lo`v, nomdggdgm }d{j ozycvdgm {jo hll}dgkc} jodmj{ egk k~e}dgm dg `c~o ket-ldmj{' [jegbv {c {jovo {ello~-{jeg-exo~emoyc~{elv ch vgvjdgo cxo~ 49 yo~fog{ chFj~dv{èg v{ehh ogact e ~cc` }d{j e xdo}egk ketldmj{ cg {jo kovb'

^ O G C X E [ D C G #

^ O V [ C ^ E [ D C G

_gko~v{egkv Fcgv{~uf{dcg( He`dlt NuvdgovvYo~vcgel Y~chovvdcgel

Hdgegfdel V{e{oòg{v@egemoòg{, Negbdgm, Ncgkdgm

( Oudyòg{

[ez Yleggdgm ( Y~oye~e{dcgChho~v dg Fc`y~c`dvo, Yetòg{ Ylegv

( Ekd{ ôy~ovog{e{dcg

Hull Vo~xdfo Yet~cllNccbbooydgm

UudfbNccbv Fcgvul{dgm

}}}'EcugFYE'fc`

*=6;$ >85-4:99>4=95 Vdz @dlo ^k' Vud{o 5>9

Ldxcgde, @D ;:5?>-:89>

fyeIecugfye'fc`

EC_G ( FC', Y'F'FO^[DHDOK Y_NLDF EFFC_G[EG[V

]E[O^HDÔ

@CLK

>;-JC_ O@O^MOGFT VO^XDFO

5':99'446'46;?

5499 Jodko V{~oo{[~ct, @D ;:9:;

}}}'cg-vd{ofc~yc~e{dcg'fc`

VYOFDEL[T FLOEGDGM( ÔV[CÊ[DCG

Ge{~el ldmj{ yc~v {j~cmj {jo e{~d`v fcg{o`yc~e~t mlevv egk el`dg` vbtldmj{, ne{jdgm {jo

c~dmdgel n~dfb }ellv ch {jo hc~ò~ @{el Ndlkdgm egk n~dmj{ogdgm {jo }c~b egk òo{dgm vyefov

}d{jdg {jdv Yle{dg` LOOK dg{o~dc~'



go} 8{j hlcc~ ekkd{dcg egk hc~ {jo ldgbemovvyeggdgm {jo cyog _-vjeyok e{~d`' [jo8{j hlcc~ ~ov{v cg e vlcydgm ~cch, egk ntdgv{elldgm e ~edvok hlcc~ vtv{o` }o ylloky egk oxogok c{ {jo hlcc~ egk excdkok{jo fcv{ ch jexdgm {c yc~ e go} hlcc~,vedk Me~kd' Cglt dg cgo dgv{egfo kdkFj~dv{èg jexo {c `ckdht {jo hlcc~ jodmj{{c vyeg {jo _-vjeyok e{~d` }d{j eg ogkòqqegdgo'

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CAM Magazine September 2008 – Insurance / Bonding, Renovation / Restoration