Calorímetro de gas

8/12/2019 Calorímetro de gas

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1 , 9 9 5 , 9 7 9arch 2 6 , 1 9 3 5 . c . GRAYGAS CALORIMETER ‘

F i l e d M a r v c h2 8 , 1 9 3 4

o

. INVENTOR

CHARLES GRAV~

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G A S “GALORIMETERh a r l e s G r a y , ' L e i ' g h - o n - S e a ,E n g l a n d v *

Applicat ion- March; 8 ' , 1 9 3 4 , , Ser ia l .No . .717 ,700~ ,- , vInGreat ritain March 5 1933 .

r o a m s - “ ( 0 1 . 17 3 - 1 8 4 )The s u b j e c t ’ o f t h i s i n v e n t i o n i s a g a s c a l o r i m e

t e r . f o r a ' d e t e r m i n i n g - t h e heat ing v a l u e o f c o mb u s t i b l e g a s e s o b t a i n e d from re tor ts , ,coke o v e n s ,o r ‘ o t h e r g a s g e n e r a t o r s t h e h e a t i n g p o w e r } o fw h i c h g a s e s i s s u b s t a n t i a l l y i n i n v e r s e r a t i o t othe p r o p o r t i o n o f i n e r t g a s e s c o n t a i n e d t h e r e i n , 7o r t o t h e p r o p o r t i o n o f w a t e r g a s o r o t h e r - i nf e r i o r g a s a d m i x e d w i t h coal g a s .

A c a l o r i m e t e r according t o the i n v e n t i o n i sarranged t o r e c e i v e a cons tant r e g u l a t e d supplyo f c o m b u s t i b l e g a s , a n d a propor t ion o f _a i r a d - .j u s t e d i n a c c o r d a n c e ‘wi th a c a l i b r a t e d i n d i c a t o r ,i n o r d e r t o keep the mix tu re i n such p r o p o r t i o n sas t o m a i n t a i n i t s e x p l o s i v e c h a r a c t e r , m o r e a i rb e i n g requi red w i t h a , r i c h gas t h a n w i t h a g a so f poor q u a l i t y , s o that t he hea t i ng power o f t h e

gas can b e ascertained b y n o t i n g f r o m t h e i n d ic a t o r the extent o f a d m i s s i o n o f a i r necessaryt o m a i n t a i n a s e r i e s o f smal l e x p l o s i o n s , i n otherwords t o c a u s e the mixture t o “pop” c o n t i n u a l l ywhen b r o u g h t i n t o c o n t a c t w i t h a ?ame. .

T h e d e v i c e may om pr i s e a a s e , a ? x e d p o i n t e rt h e r e o n , an e x t e r n a l l y screw threaded s p i n d l e 'bored f o r the passage o f g a s , a d i s c bear ing c a l ib r a t e d i n d i c a t i o n s a n d r o t a t a b l e o n t h e s a i d s p i nd l e t o ascend a n d descend wi th in s e t l i m i t s , ’ ac o n e or inver ted f u n n e l s e c u r e d o n t h e said s p i nd l e a n d p r o v i d e d with a i r i n l e t o p e n i n g s a d j ac e n t i t s p e r i p h e r y , a p i l o t j e t , a n d a p r e s s u r eg a u g e . The i s c c a n b e s e t a t z e r o , when t ‘ e n -t i r e l y e x c l u d e s a i r f rom t h e f u n n e l , a n d whenana r c u a t e m o v e m e n t i s g i v e n t o t h e d i s c , va i r . i sadmi t t ed b e t w e e n t h e d i s c a n d t h e funne l ‘andp a s s e s along wi th the gas c o m i n g f rom the boreds p i n d l e u p the v e r t i c a l b a r r e l o r c y l i n d r i c a l par to f the f u n n e l , w h i c h t h u s a c t s a s a B u n s e n burner ;

_ On he d i s c b e i n g t u rned t o i n c r e a s e t h e a d m i s

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s i o n o f a i r u n t i l the g a s a n d a i r mix tu re i s s u i n gf r o m t h e v top o f t h e f u n n e l , ‘ w h e r e t h e p i l o t ’ j e ti s s i t u a t e d , b e g i n s t o p o p , ' t h e ?gures o n the d i s co p p o s i t e t h e p o i n t e r i n d i c a t e t h e t h e r m a l u n i t si n the g a s . I f p o p p i n g c e a s e s , s h o w i n g a n ‘ i nc r e a s e i n the heat ing value o f t h e ‘ g a s , the d i s ci s t u rned t o i n c r e a s e t h e p r o p o r t i o n o f air 'whenthe d i?erence b e t w e e n the p r e v i o u s reading a n dt h a t o f t h e ?gure t h u s b r o u g h t ‘ o p p o s i t e t h e ,p o i n t e r i n d ic a t e s t h e e x t e n t o f t h e i n c r e a s e i nheatin value. ~ _ ‘ v -

In o r d e r t h a t t h e s a i d i n v e n t i o n may e c l e a r l yunder s tood a n d r e a d i l y c a r r i e d i n t o v e f f e c t ,t h esame i l l now e more u l l y descr ibed w i t h r e fe r e n c e t o t h e a c c o m p a n y i n g drawing i n which:—,

F i g u r e 1 i s a p e r s p e c t i v e v i e w o f a device e x - ,e m p l i f y i n g t h e i n v e n t i o n ;

F i g u r e 2 i s an e l ev a t i o n o f t h e ‘ s p i n d l e a n d a s s d - vcia te d p arts; , ~

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o f t h e ‘ d i s c ‘ d e t a c h e d i Ii g u r e e i s a p l a n o f t h e u n d e r s i d e o f the f u n -

A i n d i c a t e s t h e b a s e b o a r d andB, t h e b a c k 1

base, o n w h i c h ' i s ?xed a p i l l a r D e r m i n a t i n gi n a p o i n t e r E . In t h e b a s e C i s secured a s p i n ed l e F ( s e e F i g u re ‘ 2 ) bored f o r the p a s s a g e ‘ v o f

g a s , and s c r e w - t h r e a d e d a t G o r t h e ‘ a t t a c hm e n t o f a funnelH ( F i g u r e s 1 a n d 4 ) . ‘The

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sp indle has a c o l l a r o r e n l a rg e m e n t J o n w h i c hi s ‘ a micrometer screw thread onwhich s ?tted ; »

1 5h e b o s s K f a d i s c M. A u t N J o n h e s p i n d l eF o r m s a s t o p t o . l i m i t t h e d o w n w a r d m o v e m e n to f the d i s c M, a n d the f u n n e l ‘ I - I i s screwed d o w no n t o t h e s p i n d l e F u n t i l t h e loweredge‘of t h es a i d f u n n e l touches the b o s s K , and t h u s prev e n t s u p w a r d m o v e m e n t o f t h e d i s c f rom i t s ‘ z e r opo sit ion . . ,. y 1

Combus t ib l e g a s e n t e r i n g t h e p i p e P ( F i g u r e l ) .c o n t r o l l e d b y t h e t a p Q s c o n n e c t e dw i t h a p r e ss u r e g a u g e R , a n d with a p i p e S e n t e r i n g t h e ba s eC , w i t h i n w h i c h ' i t communica t e sv wi th t h e b o r e

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2 5o f t h e s p i n d l e F. ‘ ‘ A p i l o t j e t ' I ' H s u p p l i e d f r o m .t h e p i pe P i s arranged t o j p r o v i d e a p e r m a n e n t?ame adjacent the o p e n t o p o r n o z z l e o f thef u n n e l H.

T h e ‘ t o p Q b e i n g a d j u s t e d t o a l l o w a p r e d e t e r am i n e d p r e s s u r e o f gas as i n d i c a t e d b y t h e p r e s

s o ;

s u r e g a u g e R, the disc M which may h a v e a ‘m i l l e d e d g e , i s t u rned t o t h e l e f t o n t h e s c r e wthreaded part J o f the s p i n d l e a n d s t hus causedt o d e s c e n d s l i g h t l y ,a i r b e i n g t h u s a d m i t t e d b et w e e n ‘ t h e periphery o f the fu n ne l H a n d theupper s u r f a c e o f t h e b o s s K f t h e d i s c , u n t i l t h e V ‘

gas a n d a i r mixture b e g i n s t o p o p a t the t o p o fthe fu nne l H . I f p o p p i n g c e a s e s o w i n g t o a n n .c r e a s e i n t h e q u a l i t y o f t h e g a s , t h e d i s c M u s tb e turned f u r t h e r towards t h e l e f t , i n c r e a s i n gt h e a m o u n t o f a i r admit ted t o t h e f u n n e l , and

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the difference b e t w e e n t h e p r e v i o u s r e a d i n g a n dt h a t o f the ?gure o n . the d i s c then r e p r e s e n t s the a t 5

inc reased h e a t i n g value o f the g a s . 4 I f t h e q u a l i t yo f t h e g a s i s reduced , the d i s c i s t u r n e d b a c l r v . t o ~the right. .

In order t o make an a u t o m a t i c record o f t h e .hea t o f the gas a t t h e n o z z l e o f the f u n n e l H, at he rmo-coup le I ( F i g u r e 1 ) may e l o c a t e d i n ‘ t h e?ame , a n d c onnec t ed w i th a s u i t a b l e r e c o r d i n g ’i n s t r u m e n t L f known ype’ca l ib ra ted i n a c t u a l - _ca lo r i ?c va lues . The t h e r m o - ‘ c o u p l e i s . madef r o m t w o d i s s i m i l a r ‘ m e t a l s , which are coupled t og e t h e r with w i r e s ; t h e heat o f the ? a m e o f t h e

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b u r n e r c a u s e s a ne l e c t r i c t c u r r e n t t o p a s sthrough t h e w i r e s , which a c t u a t e s t h e r e c o r d i n gi n s t r u m e n t . T h e burne r i s s e t i n t h e ? r s t places o tha t t p o p s a t the c o r r e c t c a l o r i ? c value o f t h e ‘

g ' a s p a s s i n g th rough t h e b u r n e r ; ‘ t h e thermoc o u p l e w i l l i n s t a n t a n e o u s l y ‘c a u s e ‘ t h e r e c o r d i n g

l ‘i n s t r u m e n t t o i n d i c a t e and r e g i s t e r t h e c a l o r i ? cvalue. , I f t h e b u r n e r s t o p s p o p p i n g , t h e r ecord - ‘

1 i n g appara tus w i l l i n d i c a t e a n d r e g i s t e r a higherc a l o r i ? c w a l u e ; Should ' t h e ’ q u a l i t y o f t h e g a s

‘ become poorer, t h e b u r n e r willpop m o r e ' f r eq u e n t l y ' and cause a lower reading o f the r e c o r d - , ~

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. P a t e n t o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s : i s: —A a s c a l o r i m e t e r arranged t o

i n d i c a t o r , i n o r d e r t o keep t h e m i x t u r e ‘ i n suchp r o p o r t i o n s a s t o maintain i t s e x p l o s i v e c h a r - i‘ a c t e r , ‘ f s o “ t h a t t h e h e a t i n g i p o w e r o f t h e g a s can.b e a s c e r t a i n e d b y n o t i n g f r o m t h e i n d i c a t o r t h e ‘

r e c e i v e a c o n - 7 ‘’ . s t a n t r e g u l a t e d s u p p l y ' y o f -g a s a n d a - p r o p o ' r t i o n o f

‘ a i r a d j u s t e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h a c a l ib r ' a t e d '

e x t e n to f a d m i s s i o no f n e c e s s a r yt o m a i n t a i na s e r i e s o f s m a l l e x p l o s i o n s w h e n t h e ‘ m i x t u r ei s brough t i n t o c o n t a c t with a ?ame, c o m p r i s i n g ‘a b a s e , a ' ? x e d p o i n t e r thereon, a n ex te rna l lyscrew threaded s p i n d l e bored for the-passage o fg a s , m e a n s t o sup p l y a con s t a n t r e g u l a t e d f s u p p l y

v o f gas t o s a i d s p i n d l e , a d i s c bear ing c a l i b r a t e di n d i c a t i o n s ‘ a n d vthreaded o n s a i d sp ind le t o *

f a s c e n d a n d d e s c e n d W i t h i n ' s e tl i m i t s , -a n j i n v e r t e d ‘funnel s ecured o n s a i d s p i n d l e , a p i l o t j e t , ‘a n d ap r e s s u r e ‘ g a u g e , t h e a r r a n g e m e n tb e i n g s u c h t h a tw h e n t h e d i s c i s s e t with t h e c a l i b r a t i o n s o p p o s i t ethe p o i n t e r ‘ a t z e r o , t h e . uppe r surface o f t he d i s c

’ t o u c h e s t h e e d g e o f - t h e f u n n e l a n d p r e v e n t s the‘ a d m i s s i o n o f a n y . a i r t o t h e funne l , a n d as the

d i s c d e s c e n d s ' t h e a i r a d m i s s i o n o p e n i n g s p r o - v

m a i n t a i n ‘ a s e r i e so f s m a l l e x p l o s i o n s when t h emixture i s brought i n t o c o n t a c t ‘ w i t h t h e f l a m ei s s u i n g f r o mt h e i l o t j e t a t t h e t o p o fs a i d s p i n d l e .2 0

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Calorímetro de gas