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FACSS · V MEETS IN HISTORIC BOSTON Fifth Annual Meeting Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies October 30 — November 3, 1978 Sheraton Boston Hotel Hynes Auditorium Call for Papers Papers are invited in all areas of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy. The deadline for titles and a 200-250 word abstract is May 1, 1978. Send to: James F. Cosgrove Program Chairman, FACSS-78 GTE Laboratories Inc. 40 Sylvan Road Waltham, MA 02154 (617)890-8460 General Information Contact Arrangements Chairman Paul Lublin GTE Laboratories Inc. 40 Sylvan Road Waltham, MA 02154 (617)890-8460 Scientific Program The scientific program will include papers in the fol- lowing areas: Forensic Science; Thermoanalysis; Surface Analysis; Chromatography; GC/MS; Auto- mation; Electron and Optical Microscopy; Electron and X-Ray Diffraction; Emission; X-Ray, Atomic and Acoustic Spectroscopy; Clinical; Chemical Institute Canada Symposium. • Anachem Award • Benedetti Pichler Award Instrument Exhibit A large Laboratory Equipment Exposition in the Hynes Auditorium will feature displays of the latest devel- opments in analytical instruments. Workshops Infra-Red Spectroscopy X-Ray Diffraction Short Courses Modern Emission Spectroscopy Fourier Transform Spectroscopy Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Special Events at FACSS — 1978 Mixer Clambake Spouses' Program CIRCLE 7 9 O N READER SERVICE CARD (7) Samples must be stable and ca- pable of surviving the rigors of com- mercial transportation. (8) Reserve samples should be pre- pared and preserved to replace lost samples and to permit reanalysis of samples considered as outliers to at- tempt to discover the cause of abnor- mal results. (9) The instructions must be clear. They should be reviewed by someone not connected with the study to un- cover potential misunderstandings and ambiguities. (10) If the analyte is subject to change (e.g., bacterial levels, nitro- glycerin tablets), provision must be made for all participants to begin the analysis at the same time. (11) Practice samples of a known and declared composition should be furnished with instructions not to an- alyze the unknowns until a specified degree of recovery and repeatability (or other attribute) has been achieved. (12) Provision should be made when necessary for submission of standard curves, tracings of recorder charts, or photographs of thin-layer plates in order to assist in determining possible causes of error. Other Types of Interlaboratory Studies This type of collaborative study, which is designed to determine the characteristics of a method, must be carefully distinguished from other types of interlaboratory studies which by design or through ignorance pro- vide other kinds of information. The most important types of other studies are: (1) Those studies which require the collaborators to investigate the vari- ability of parts of methods or applica- bility to different types of samples. (An interlaboratory study is usually an inefficient way of obtaining this type of information.) (2) Those studies which permit an analyst to use any method he desires. Such studies invariably produce such a wide scatter of results that the data are of little value for evaluation of methods. They may be useful in se- lecting a method from a number of ap- parently equivalent methods, provid- ed the purpose is emphasized before- hand and the participants provide a description of the method used in order to permit a correlation of the de- tails of the methods with apparent biases and variabilities. (3) Those studies which are used for quality control purposes, whose par- ticipants are not permitted sufficient time to gain familiarity with the meth- od, or who permit deviations to enter into the performance of the analyses on the grounds that the deviation is obviously an improvement which could not possibly affect the results of the analysis, or who claim to have a superior method. With this background information, it is now appropriate to introduce the following definitions which were agreed upon as part of the guidelines for collaboration between the AOAC and the Collaborative International Pesticide Analytical Council Ltd. (CIPAC) (6). Collaborative study. An analytical study involving a number of laborato- ries analyzing the same sample(s) by the same method (s) for the purpose of validating the performance of the method (s). Preliminary interlaboratory study. An analytical study in which two or more laboratories evaluate a method to determine if it is ready for a colla- borative study. Laboratory performance check. The analysis of very carefully pre- pared and homogeneous samples, nor- mally of known active ingredient con- tent, to establish or verify the perfor- mance of a laboratory or analyst. Summary The collaborative study is an exper- iment designed to evaluate the perfor- mance of a method of analysis through the analysis of a number of identical samples by a number of different lab- oratories. With proper design, it pro- vides an unbiased evaluation of the performance of a method in the hands of those analysts who will use it. A col- laborative study must be distin- guished from those studies designed to choose a method or to determine laboratory or analyst performance. References (1) AOAC, "Handbook of the AOAC", 4th éd., AOAC, Box 540, Benjamin Franklin Station, Washington, D.C. 20044, 1977. (2) W. J. Youden, "Accuracy of Analytical Procedures", J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 45,169-73 (1962). (3) Harold Egan, "Methods of Analysis; An Analysis of Methods", ibid., 60, 260-7 (1977). (4) W. J. Youden and Ε. Η. Steiner, "Sta- tistical Manual of the AOAC: Statistical Techniques for Collaborative Tests. Planning and Analysis of Results of Col- laborative Tests", AOAC, Box 540, Ben- jamin Franklin Station, Washington, D.C. 20044,1975. (5) W. J. Youden, "The Collaborative Test", J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 46, 55-62 (1963). (6) "Guidelines for Collaboration Between the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) and the Collaborative International Pesticide Analytical Coun- cil Ltd. (CIPAC)", ibid., 57,447-9 (1974). Bibliography Daniel Banes, "The Collaborative Study as a Scientific Concept", J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 52, 203-06 (1969). William Horwitz, "Problems of Sampling and Analytical Methods", ibid., 59, 1197-203 (1976). 340 A · ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 50, NO. 3, MARCH 1978

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FACSS · V MEETS IN

HISTORIC BOSTON

Fifth Annual Meeting Federation of Analytical Chemistry

and Spectroscopy Societies October 30 — November 3, 1978

Sheraton Boston Hotel Hynes Auditorium

Call for Papers Papers are invited in all areas of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy. The deadline for titles and a 200-250 word abstract is May 1, 1978. Send to:

James F. Cosgrove Program Chairman, FACSS-78

GTE Laboratories Inc. 40 Sylvan Road

Waltham, MA 02154 ( 6 1 7 ) 8 9 0 - 8 4 6 0

General Information Contact

Arrangements Chairman Paul Lublin

GTE Laborator ies Inc. 40 Sylvan Road

Wal tham, MA 0 2 1 5 4 ( 6 1 7 ) 8 9 0 - 8 4 6 0

Scientific Program The scientific program will include papers in the fol­lowing areas: Forensic Science; Thermoanalysis; Surface Analysis; Chromatography; GC/MS; Auto­mation; Electron and Optical Microscopy; Electron and X-Ray Diffraction; Emission; X-Ray, Atomic and Acoustic Spectroscopy; Clinical; Chemical Institute Canada Symposium.

• Anachem Award • Benedetti Pichler Award

Instrument Exhibit A large Laboratory Equipment Exposition in the Hynes Auditorium will feature displays of the latest devel­opments in analytical instruments.

Workshops Infra-Red Spectroscopy X-Ray Diffraction

Short Courses Modern Emission Spectroscopy Fourier Transform Spectroscopy Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Special Events at FACSS — 1978

• Mixer • Clambake • Spouses' Program

CIRCLE 79 ON READER SERVICE CARD

(7) Samples mus t be stable and ca­pable of surviving the rigors of com­mercial t ransporta t ion.

(8) Reserve samples should be pre­pared and preserved to replace lost samples and to permit reanalysis of samples considered as outliers to at­t e m p t to discover the cause of abnor­mal results.

(9) The instructions mus t be clear. They should be reviewed by someone not connected with the s tudy to un­cover potential misunders tandings and ambiguities.

(10) If the analyte is subject to change (e.g., bacterial levels, ni tro­glycerin tablets) , provision mus t be made for all par t ic ipants to begin the analysis a t the same t ime.

(11) Practice samples of a known and declared composition should be furnished with instructions not to an­alyze the unknowns unti l a specified degree of recovery and repeatabil i ty (or other a t t r ibute) has been achieved.

(12) Provision should be made when necessary for submission of s tandard curves, tracings of recorder charts , or photographs of thin-layer plates in order to assist in determining possible causes of error.

Other Types of Interlaboratory Studies

This type of collaborative study, which is designed to determine the characteristics of a method, must be carefully distinguished from other types of interlaboratory studies which by design or through ignorance pro­vide other kinds of information. T h e most impor tan t types of other studies are:

(1) Those studies which require t h e collaborators to investigate the vari­ability of par ts of methods or applica­bility to different types of samples. (An interlaboratory s tudy is usually an inefficient way of obtaining this type of information.)

(2) Those studies which permit an analyst to use any method he desires. Such studies invariably produce such a wide scatter of results t ha t the da ta are of little value for evaluation of methods. They may be useful in se­lecting a method from a number of ap­parent ly equivalent methods , provid­ed the purpose is emphasized before­hand and the par t ic ipants provide a description of the method used in order to permit a correlation of the de­tails of the methods with appa ren t biases and variabilities.

(3) Those studies which are used for quali ty control purposes, whose par­t icipants are not permi t ted sufficient t ime to gain familiarity with the meth­od, or who permi t deviations to enter into the performance of the analyses on the grounds tha t the deviation is obviously an improvement which

could not possibly affect the results of the analysis, or who claim to have a superior method.

With this background information, it is now appropria te to introduce the following definitions which were agreed upon as par t of the guidelines for collaboration between the AOAC and the Collaborative Internat ional Pest icide Analytical Council Ltd. (CIPAC) (6).

Collaborative study. An analytical s tudy involving a number of laborato­ries analyzing the same sample(s) by the same method (s) for the purpose of validating the performance of the method (s).

Preliminary interlaboratory study. An analytical s tudy in which two or more laboratories evaluate a method to de termine if it is ready for a colla­borative s tudy.

Laboratory performance check. T h e analysis of very carefully pre­pared and homogeneous samples, nor­mally of known active ingredient con­tent , to establish or verify the perfor­mance of a laboratory or analyst.

Summary T h e collaborative s tudy is an exper­

iment designed to evaluate the perfor­mance of a method of analysis through the analysis of a number of identical samples by a number of different lab­oratories. With proper design, it pro­vides an unbiased evaluation of the performance of a method in the hands of those analysts who will use it. A col­laborative s tudy must be dist in­guished from those studies designed to choose a method or to determine laboratory or analyst performance.

References (1) AOAC, "Handbook of the AOAC", 4th

éd., AOAC, Box 540, Benjamin Franklin Station, Washington, D.C. 20044, 1977.

(2) W. J. Youden, "Accuracy of Analytical Procedures", J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 45,169-73 (1962).

(3) Harold Egan, "Methods of Analysis; An Analysis of Methods", ibid., 60, 260-7 (1977).

(4) W. J. Youden and Ε. Η. Steiner, "Sta­tistical Manual of the AOAC: Statistical Techniques for Collaborative Tests. Planning and Analysis of Results of Col­laborative Tests", AOAC, Box 540, Ben­jamin Franklin Station, Washington, D.C. 20044,1975.

(5) W. J. Youden, "The Collaborative Test", J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 46, 55-62 (1963).

(6) "Guidelines for Collaboration Between the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) and the Collaborative International Pesticide Analytical Coun­cil Ltd. (CIPAC)", ibid., 57,447-9 (1974).

Bibliography Daniel Banes, "The Collaborative Study

as a Scientific Concept", J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 52, 203-06 (1969).

William Horwitz, "Problems of Sampling and Analytical Methods", ibid., 59, 1197-203 (1976).

340 A · ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 50, NO. 3, MARCH 1978