OBSERVED FIRE PROCEDURESBOYONG94

REFERENCES:

FM 6-30

FA GUNNERY TEAM

FOFDC

FIRING BATTERY

MISSION OF THE FORWARD OBSERVER: “EYES AND EARS”

“THE MISSION OF THE FORWARD OBSERVER (FO) IS TO LOCATE AND DETECT SUITABLE INDIRECT FIRE TARGETS WITHIN HIS ZONE OF OBSERVATION AND BRING FIRES ON THEM.”

THE FIRE DIRECTION CENTER (FDC): “BRAIN”

“THE CONTROL CENTER OF THE GUNNERY TEAM, RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ACCURATE COMPUTATION OF FIRING DATA”

THE FIRE BATTERY (FB): “MUSCLE”

“THE SECTION THAT DELIVERS THE FIRES”

TARGET LOCATION

• POLAR COORDINATES (POLAR PLOT)

• GRID COORDINATES

• SHIFT FROM A KNOWN POINT

METHODS OF LOCATING TARGETS

•DIRECTION

•DISTANCE (OT)

•VERTICAL INTERVAL

N

DIST

DIR/AZ

POLAR PLOT METHOD

FO

FO

TGT

VI – IS DESCRIBED HOW FAR ABOVE/BELOW IS THE TGT FROM OP. (Report if the difference is +/- 30 meters)

IN THIS FIGURE THE TGT IS ESTIMATED 100 METERS BELOW THE OP, THEREFORE; THE VI IS DOWN 100

POLAR PLOT METHOD

DIR

Data to be determined:

A. GC of FO

B. Direction of Tgt from FO

C. Distance of Tgt from FO

D. Vertical Interval b/w FO and Tgt

DIS

POLAR PLOT METHOD

POLAR PLOT METHOD

Data to be determined:

A. GC of Tgt

B. Elev/Alt

C. Dir of Tgt from FO

DIR

GRID COORDINATE METHOD

CALL FOR FIRE

• CLEAR, CONCISE, FORMATTED MESSAGE SENT FROM THE OBSERVER TO THE FDC

• INCLUDES ALL OF THE INFORMATION THE FDC NEEDS TO ENGAGE THE TARGET

• IT IS A REQUEST FOR FIRE, NOT AN ORDER

• MUST BE UNDERSTOOD, RECORDED AND READBACK BY THE FDC W/O ERROR BY THE FDC RECORDER

• NORMALLY HAS SIX (6) ELEMENTS

• TRANSMITTED IN MAXIMUM OF THREE PARTS

• BREAK AND READBACK AFTER EACH PART

CALL FOR FIRE

1. OBSERVER IDENTIFICATION

WARNING ORDER

2. TARGET LOCATION

3. TARGET DESCRIPTION

METHOD OF ENGAGEMENT

METHOD OF FIRE AND CONTROL

THREE (3) PARTS TRANSMISSION OF CFF

ELEMENTS OF CALL FOR FIRE

1. IDENTIFICATION OF OBSERVER - call signs/code used to established communication links between forward observer & fire direction center.

EXAMPLE: Call Sign of FDC - A71 and FO is A57

A71 THIS IS A57

2. WARNING ORDER - preliminary notice to alert the fdc, consists the type of msn; size or elements to fire for effect; and method of tgt loc.

Type of Mission: Size of Element to FFE

1. Adjust Fire 1. Bn

2. Fire for Effect (FFE) 2. Btry

3. Suppression Method of Target Location

4. Immediate Suppression 1. Polar Plot

2. Grid

3. Shift from a Known Point

Example: ADJUST FIRE, POLAR, Over

CALL FOR FIRE

3. TARGET LOCATION - it contain necessary info that would enable the fdc to plot the loc of tgt and determined firing data.

GC METHOD POLAR SHIFT

GC OF TGT DIR REF PT

ALTITUDE DISTANCE DIR

DIR VI LS

RS

VS

CALL FOR FIRE

4. TARGET DESCRIPTION - info which tells the fdc what is the tgt, it is brief but detailed enough to enable the fdc to determine the relative importance of the tgt and the best manner of attack.

WHAT IS THE TGT STRENGHT?

ACTIVITY?

DEGREE OF PROTECTION?

SIZE AND SHAPE?

5. METHOD OF ENGAGEMENT - it indicate how the observer wants to attack the tgt. it consist the ff:

TYPE OF ADJ TRAJECTORY AMMO DOB

AREA LOW HE PARALLEL

PRECISE HIGH WP OPEN

ILLUM CONVERGE

CALL FOR FIRE

6. METHOD OF FIRE AND CONTROL – the desired manner of attacking the tgt.

FIRE CONTROL

PLTN/BTRY/NR OF RDS FWR

PLTN/BTRY (R/L) AMC

TOT

CONTINUOUS FIRING

REPEAT

FOFIREBALL THIS IS SPOTTER, OVER

FM MY PSN DIR 40 DEG, DIST 300M, OVER

EN PLTN IN THE BUNKERS, PLTN 3 RDS IN EFF, AMC, OVER

I AUTHENTICATE CHARLIE, OUT

FDCSPOTTER THIS FIREBALL, OUT

FM YOUR PSN DIR 40 DEG, DIST 300M, OUT

EN PLTN IN THE BUNKERS, PLTN 3 RDS IN EFF, AT YOUR COMMAND, OUT

AUTHENTICATE PAPA BRAVO, OVER

CALL FOR FIRE

EX: Polar Plot Method (Infantry personnel)

FOFIREBALL THIS IS SPOTTER, OVER

ENEMY GC 12345678, OVER

EN PLTN IN THE BUNKERS, PLTN 3 RDS IN EFF, AMC, OVER

I AUTHENTICATE CHARLIE, OUT

FDCSPOTTER THIS IS FIREBALL, OUT

ENEMY GC 12345678, OUT

EN PLTN IN THE BUNKERS, PLTN 3 RDS IN EFF, AT YOUR COMMAND, OUT

AUTHENTICATE PAPA BRAVO, OVER

CALL FOR FIRE

EX: Grid Coordinate Method (Infantry personnel)

CALL FOR FIRE

EX: Shift from a Known Point

FOA71 THIS A54, ADJ FIRE SHIFT, OVER

KP1, DIR 1850, L500, ADD 300, UP 50, OVER

MACHINE GUN W/ OVER HD COVER, DANGER CLOSED, PLTN 3 RDS CONV IN EFF, AMC, OVER

I AUTHENTICATE CHARLIE, OUT

FDC

A54 THIS A71 ADJ FIRE SHIFT, OUT

KP1, DIR 1850, L500, ADD 300, UP 50, OUT

MACHINEGUN W/ OVER HD COVER, DANGER CLOSED, PLTN 3 RDS CONV IN EFF, AT YOUR COMMAND, OUT

AUTHENTICATE PAPA BRAVO, OVER

ADJUSTMENT OF FIRE

SUBSEQUENT CORRECTIONS:

ADJUSTING POINT - When it is necessary to adjust, the FO must select an adjusting point. In Area missions, he must select a well-define point at/near the center of the tgt area. In point tgt, the adjusting point is the tgt itself.

SPOTTING – is the observer’s determination of the location of burst with respect to the adjusting point as observed along the Observer-Target (OT) line. Spottings are made for the following:

1. Deviation (the nr of mils left and right of the OT line)2. Range/distance ( whether the burst occurred beyond or short of the tgt)3. When fuze time is fired, the hob ( the number of mils the burst is above the tgt).

ADJUSTMENT OF FIRE

b. Range Spotting. Possible range spottings are as follows:

OVER– a round that impacts beyond the adjusting point.

SHORT– a round that impacts between the observer and the adjusting point.

TARGET– a round that impacts on the target. This spotting is used only in precision fire (registration or destruction missions).

RANGE CORRECT– a round that impacts at the correct range.

DOUBTFUL– a round that can be observed but cannot be spotted as OVER, SHORT, TARGET, or RANGE CORRECT.

LOST– a round whose location cannot be determined by sight or sound.

UNOBSERVED– a round not observed but known to have impacted (usually heard).

ADJUSTMENT OF FIRE

c. Deviation Spotting. Possible deviation spottings are as follows:

LINE– a round that impacts on line (LN) with the adjusting point as seen by the observer (on the OT line).

LEFT– a round that impacts left (L) of the adjusting point in relation to the OT line.

RIGHT– a round that impacts right (R) of the adjusting point in relation to the OT line.

ADJUSTMENT OF FIRE

(2) To determine the OT factor when the OT range is greater than 1,000 meters, the range from the observer to the target (OT distance) is expressed to the nearest thousand and then expressed in thousands.

Example:

OT Distance = 4200 metersOT distance (expressed to nearest thousand) = 4,000OT factor (expressed in thousands) = 4

For an OT range less than 1,000 meters, the distance is expressed to the nearest 100 meters and expressed in thousands.

Example: OT range = 800 metersOT factor = 0.8

(3) The computed deviation correction is announced to the FDC as LEFT (or RIGHT) (so much). Thecorrection is opposite the spotting.

ADJUSTMENT OF FIRE

RDSSPOTTING CORRECTIONS

RANGE DEVIATION

DEVIATION

RANGE

1 OVER 20 LEFT RIGHT 60 DROP 200

2 SHORT 15 RIGHT LEFT 40 ADD 100

3 OVER 5 RIGHT LEFT 20 DROP 50 FFE

OT DIST = 2800 or 3000

OT FACTOR = 3000/1000=3

OT FACTOR = 3

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SAMPLE

ADJUSTMENT OF FIRE

– ACCURATE ACCOUNT OF DAMAGE ON TGT

– APPROP SHIFTS NECESSARY TO MAKE FIRES MORE EFFECTIVE

EXAMPLE:EN NUETRALIZE, 50% CASUALTY, OTHERS DISPERSED, EN

MORTAR PLTN DESTROYED

SURVEILLANCE ON FFE

HAND MEASUREMENT OF ANGULAR DEVIATION

OT DIST = 1800 or 2000

OT FACTOR = 2000/1000=2.0

OT FACTOR = 2

RDSSPOTTING CORRECTION

RANGE DEVIATION DEVIATION RANGE

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Surveillance on FFE

EN NUETRALIZE, 50% CASUALTY, OTHERS DISPERSED, EN CAMP DESTROYED.

+ 20R L 40 D 200

- 10 L R 20 A 100 RN 10 R L 20

D 50 FFE + LINE

RDS

SPOTTING CORRECTIONS

RANGE DEVIATION DEVIATION RANGE

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2

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OT DIST = 2800 or 3000

OT FACTOR = /1000=

OT FACTOR =

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PE #1

+ 10R L 30 D 200

- 15L R 40 A 100 A 50 FFE - LINE

OT DIST = 4200

OT FACTOR = /1000=

OT FACTOR =

RDSSPOTTING CORRECTION

RANGE DEVIATION DEVIATION RANGE

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PE #2

OT DIST =

OT FACTOR = /1000=

OT FACTOR =

RDSSPOTTING CORRECTION

RANGE DEVIATION DEVIATION RANGE

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