Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
3 Nautical Miles Limit (State)
3 Nautical M
iles Limit (State)
12 Nautical M
iles Limit (Federal)
3 Nautical M
iles Limit (State)
12 N
auti
cal M
iles
Lim
it (
Fede
ral)
3 N
auti
cal M
iles
Lim
it (
Stat
e)
12 Nautical Miles Limit (Federal)
12 Nautical M
iles Limit (Federal)
42°
41°
40°
39°N
38°
37°
36°
35°
34°
33°
123° 122° 121° 120° 119° 118° 117° 116° 115°Longitude West of Greenwich
PA
CI
FI
C
OC
EA
N
U.S.MEXICO
Santa Barbara
San Clemente
Santa Catalina
San Nicolas
SantaRosa Santa
Cruz
San Miguel
C H A N N E L
I S L A N D S
AnacapaIsland
NE
VA
DA
O R E G O N
AR
IZ
ON
A
BSacramentoSacramentoSacramento
Crescent CityCrescent CityYreka Yreka
BishopBishop
BakerBaker
E
E
E
E
Crescent CityYreka
Bishop
Baker
E
E
E
E
EurekaEureka
Redding Redding
ChicoChico
MontereyMonterey
San Luis ObispoSan Luis Obispo
Santa BarbaraSanta Barbara
Palm SpringsPalm Springs
El Centro El Centro
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
Eureka
Redding
Chico
Monterey
San Luis Obispo
Santa Barbara
Palm Springs
El Centro
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
Santa RosaSanta Rosa
VictorvilleVictorville
E
E
Santa Rosa
Victorville
E
E
StocktonStockton
FresnoFresno
BakersBakersfieldield
E
E
E
Stockton
Fresno
Bakersfield
E
E
E
San FranciscoSan Francisco
Los Angeles Los Angeles
San DiegoSan Diego
E
E
E
E
E
E
San Francisco
Los Angeles
San Diego
E
E
E
E
E
E
MILES
0 25 50
N
S
EW
Map data prepared by Larry Orman, Tom
Albo and Aubrey Dugger of www.GreenInfoNetwork.org.
Printed on Recycled Paper
LakeMono
OwensLakeBed
SaltonSea
ClearLake
GooseLake
LakeTahoe
HoneyLake
TulareLakeBed
Wilderness Area
Department of Defense
Bureau of Land Management (BLM)
National Park Service
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Conservancy/Land Trust
USDA Forest Service
Private Lands Managed for Public Purpose
Bureau of Reclamation
Other Federal Land
Other State Land
California State Parks
California Fish and Game
Local/County/Regional Land
National Marine Sanctuary
Other Private Land
Urban
Federal Lands
State and County Lands
Non-Government Agencies
Management Status of California’s Protected Areas
0
State Managed
State Owned
State Park Owned and Managed LandManagement by Decade
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
01920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2007
Decade
Areas Acquired by The Nature Conservancy1,000
800
600
400
200
Transferred to AnotherProtected Area Manager
Managed
Owned
19701960 1980 2000 20071990Decade
Acr
es (i
n Th
ousa
nds)
Acr
es (i
n Th
ousn
ads)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1979 1981 1985 1989 1992 2009
Channel Islands
Gulf of The Farallones
Cordell Bank
Monterey Bay
California’s National Marine Sanctuaries
Year
Acr
es (i
n M
illio
ns)
0
14%BLM
Land Ownership
7% NationalPark Service
20%U.S. ForestService
7% Federal (Other)
3% State
48%Private
1% Local Government
15%Status 1 3% Status 2
32% Status 3
50%Unprotectedor Unknown
Protected Areas
SMOKEY BEAR, 1944,USDA FOREST SERVICE
1870
1900
1920
1940
1960
1970
YOSEMITE FALLS, 1865, AMERICAN MEMORYCOLLECTION, LIBRARYOF CONGRESS
TULE LAKE AND MT. SHASTA, TIM LAMAN
QUINO CHECKERSPOTBUTTERFLY FROM ESSIGMUSEUM OFENTOMOLOGY,UNIVERSITY OFCALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 1990
2000
DRAWING FROM MERIWETHER LEWISJOURNAL, AMERICANPHILOSOPHICALSOCIETY
JOHN MUIR 1964STAMP, U.S.POSTAL SERVICE
MIDDLE FORK SMITH RIVER, PHIL SCHERMEISTER
DEATH VALLEY, PHIL SCHERMEISTER
Protecting California LandsMany agencies and individuals are working to insure the conservation
of California’s terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Federal, state, county,and local governments have established parks, reserves, and marinesanctuaries. Private organizations such as The Nature Conservancy,Save the Redwoods League, and many landowners have set asideareas to conserve important habitats. These areas serve to protectCalifornia’s rich biological diversity and provide recreation for people.
Yosemite National Park was originally established in 1864 asCalifornia’s first state park. In 1972, a new law established the NationalMarine Sanctuary Program. This law recognized the importance ofocean and coastal ecosystems. Thirteen National Marine Sanctuariesand a Marine National Monument protect these underwater treasures.The sanctuaries promote conservation, but allow commercial and recreational uses. There are four National Marine Sanctuaries off thecoast of California.
Protected Area CategoriesStatus 1–Permanently Protected: areas of natural habitat that are permanently protected with management plans that keep them in a natural condition.
Status 2–Partially Protected: areas of natural habitat that are permanently protected with management plans that keep them in amostly natural condition.
Status 3–Partially Protected Areas with Extractive Uses: areas of mainlynatural habitat that is permanently protected but allows some extractiveuses.
Unprotected or Unknown: Private or other lands that do not protectnatural habitat from conversion to human uses.
1944 Smokey Bear is created for a campaign toprevent forest fires
1804-1806 Lewis andClark explore thewestern UnitedStates.
1812 General Land Office iscreated to manage all federallands.
1864 California’s first StatePark—Yosemite.
1890 Sequoia becomesnation’s second NationalPark.
1891 Forest Reserve Lawallows the President toreserve public lands containing timber.
1892 John Muir and othersupporters form the SierraClub, “to make the mountainsglad,” and to protect theAmerican wilderness.1902 California Redwood
Park Commission protectsredwood groves with theacquisition of 2,500 acres inBig Basin for a public park.
1916 National Park Service iscreated to, “conserve thescenery and the natural andhistoric objects and the wildlife therein.”
1905 USDA Forest Service iscreated to sustain the health,diversity, and productivity ofthe nation’s forests andgrasslands.
1920 Mineral Leasing Actsecures the government’sright to rental payments androyalties on oil, gas, and minerals on federal lands.
1923 Bureau of Reclamationcreated to protect water-sheds on public lands and“reclaim” arid lands in thewest through irrigation andflood control.
1927 State Park Commissionestablished to manage parksand funds acquisition of newpark lands.1934 Taylor Grazing Act
lessens overgrazing on publiclands by requiring farmersand ranchers to get grazingpermits.
1935 Central Valley Project isauthorized by PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt as thenation’s largest Reclamationproject.1940 Fish and Wildlife
Service is formed, “to conserve, protect, andenhance fish, wildlife, andplants and their habitats…”
1946 Bureau of LandManagement is created tosustain the health, diversity,and productivity of publiclands.
2003-2007 Protection of theCalifornia Coast by the Stateof California and theCalifornia Fish and GameCommission establishes “notake” and “limited take”marine reserves and conser-vation areas off the Callforniacoast.
2001 The 1906 AntiquitiesAct empowers the presidentto create 19 NationalMonuments and expand others, preserving more than4.6 million acres, includinglands in California—the statewith the most land protectedin the continental U.S. sinceTheodore Roosevelt's time.
1994 California DesertProtection Act creates twonew National Parks—DeathValley and Joshua Tree—andone National Preserve—theMojave, protecting some 6 million acres of land.
1976-1979 California CoastalPlan protects Elkhorn Sloughthrough partnership withNOAA and the CaliforniaDepartment of Fish andGame.
1973 Endangered SpeciesAct identifies endangered andthreatened species.
1972 National MarineSanctuary Program is established—four sanctuariesin California have since beendesignated.
1968 Wild and Scenic RiversAct and National TrailsSystem Act protect free-flow-ing rivers from dam construction and streamsidedevelopment, and preservesa system of scenic, historic,and recreational trails.
1966 National HistoricPreservation Act establishesthe National Register ofHistoric Places.
1964 Wilderness Act is established for wildernessareas within the USDA Forest,National Park, and Fish andWildlife Service’s roadlesslands.
Who OwnsCalifornia
CaliforniaEducation and the Environment Initiative
UNITEDSTATES
Copyright © 2009 National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C.
Cali.EEI-WhoOwnsCalif.qrk 5/8/09 11:26 AM Page 1
