CALENDAR LOS ANGELES TRIES • DECEMBER 15. 1991 Ffw

THE MOST DANGEROUS

MAN IN AMERICA?

Why is Oliver Stones movie "JFK"

so threatening to so many people?

It all boils down to truth, lies, history and myth. In the

trenches with the controversial filmmaker as he

wages war over his S40-million "why- and-whodunit."

By Robert Scheer. Page 4

--■••11.10,

Theater

On the run with Joan Collins (who just loves

to bare... her soul). Page 3

Movies

On Location: Roman Polanski on sex in the cinema and America

Page 7 Westside/Valley

Behind the lens with George Hurrell.

photographer of cinematic legends.

Page 98

COVER STORY

President and Mrs. John F, Kennedy begin their fateful limousine ride In !Se; "JFK" director Oliver Stone says he Just wants to get the people to smell a rat."

COS Una • I.ssaayssitatv.

Oliver Stone Builds His Own Myths The filmmaker has touched some very raw nerves—again. But now, with `JFK,' It's big-time history he's messing with

By ROBERT SCHEER

I

1:1) not Vietnam. SalVecta- ore van Dealey Plaza in Daltai, Mat the dubbing stage at Sky-walker Sound in Santa Monica. But

Oliver Stone is once again at war, "Call me a guerrilla historian," Stone

says. munching a turkey sandwich whsle the last frame of the Simms Zapruder li-rn Imeter "home movie" showing Presi-dent John f. Kennedy getting his head blown off plays over and over on the screening roam wail. Stone has been baled up for IS-helm days editing his film "ff'K" while fighting a rear-guard action against the intense cruidain his new and most provocative film has engendered. sight unseen

His critics relent the already contravm-sle2 director poaching on the sacred and of the Kennedy assassination, rearranging the relics and breathing life Into the sheets. Some don't like his attacks on the Warren Commission's Lee Hervey alone =elusion. Others detest his per traying former Hew Orleans Dist. Atty. Jim Garrison, who brought the only case to trial in the Kennedy assassination. as a hero played by Kevin Costner. And the =lines larger-than.-Life thesis blaming the assassi-nation or a secret parallel government nmeted in the mittary-industral complex si-tes seine as bizarre.

Stone ts alternately perplexed and angry over the critical articles and columns, which have med. a free-fire gone around

his movie before it finished shooting. Punching holes in his adversar-mr argu-ments with his rat-a-tat of ready-to-fire facts. he Is apprehensive. combative and can even appear hurt_ Then he suddenly fleshes an impish grin and one senses he's having a ball With his unruly hair, still boyish good looks and eight movies and three Academy Awards under his Aelt. Stone at 4.f. evidences the outrage Lightly laced with glee of one who is sitting hat where he below

t whatever the criticism. the Ern has 'WI to get done. and tossing the sandwich,

Stone turns his tack-rabbit intensity hack to perfectly matching sound with picture and overcoming other obstacles to getting a film done two weeks before it opens.

The Zapruder L-ams taken by an ama-teur photographer present at the assassi-nation. enlarged In :tightening detail, is crucial to Stone's cinematic indictment of the official Warren Commission Report. In the final scenes of the movie, Kevin Conner uses it to illustrate how the bullet furred the President's heed "back and to the left," indicating the fatal shot came from somewhere other than where Pored was said to be standing.

With each shot Bred at the President. Stone's head snaps involuntarily. This may be the movies and the foreign distributors showing op for screenings remind ode daily of the high financial stakes for the 5s0-mil-Lon Warner Bros picture !with another

$15 million for ars:notion), but there's no question that for Stone. "JFK" was—and S— a cause.

In an industry built on recycling pleasing myths hole profit. Stone Insists an doing it the hard way. Him are counter-myths

Stone, a twice wounded Vietnam veteran, views "JFK" as digging deeper into what he sees as the origins of that war and nothing lass titan -a battle over the meaning of my generation with the likes of Dan Quayle, a battle between official

9i3rner Ina scene from 'JFK," Lee Harvey Oswald (Gary Oilman) Is In police custody and surrounded by the media.

. - •

4 att7.1,, DaTAIRER II Pal LC6 ANCELES TIMES CALENDAR

Marketing J.F.K.'s Murder By ELA INE DLTKA

W hen Warner Bros. embarked on T its $15-million promotional cam-

paign for 'WK." It was by no means certain that Oliver Stone, who finished shooting the movie on the last day of July, would he ahle to deliver it by the Dec. 20 release date.

Though Stone had considered a Feb-ruary opening as a fallhara, it was In his Interest —and the studio's—that the picture come out during the holiday seesaw It lit, after summer. the biggest moviegoing time of the year. A Decem-ber opening would qualify director. cast and crew for Near consideration all L-aporuant En tarns of orange and two office. And, not so Incidentally, tore—superstitious by nature—had been very suctessful releasing "Platoon," which won hest picture, and "Bern on the Fourth of July" at that Urne.

Operating on the assumption he'd pull it off, the studio began its media blitz In the early fell. Pagraes featuring a close-up of the film's star Kenn Costner were plastered on bus= m bus stale and subway stutters. A trailer was running in theaters across the country by mid-October. On Nov. 24, a two-page ad ran in the Los Angeles Times and the New York Times.

The next day, Warners blanketed the airwaves of the top 50 markets. A 30-second ad was placed on "Monday Night Football:- A 90-second version heralding "the movie event of the year" appeared as the first spot on the CBS "MART' special, the late-night talk shows, as well as on MTV. During news broadcasts, the studio employed a technique known as "roadblocking"—only used as a rule. the mght before a major film is to open It bought the

Please see Pave 36

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Nov. 22, 1963—Frames from the famous B•millimeter "home movie" taken by Abraham Zapruder snow President John F. Kennedy being struck by an assassIn'S

bullet, slumping toward Jaequeline Kennedy as Texas Gov. Sohn Connally hone tO see what happened, and being struck a second time.

mythology and disturbing truth." With Ma sit-pi-in porta Ticket and sense

of early outraged idealism. the alweys Irreverent Stone bears the unmistakable marks of the Kennedy generation. It is not that either he or his movie unwire the geeeteplIthrnenta of the brief Kennedy presidency. Rather, like many of his geeer-Mr. Slane persaus on mourning an inno• eenee laic

The =ramp= of "WK" le a forgiving one That for Kennedy, the CU.-sponsored Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in 1961 and dispatehieg the Mat troops to Vietnam the same year, were merely blunders on an otherwise noble oeurse. and he quickly recognized rite error C{ his %rap'. ARC the October, 1982, missile outs. Kennedy re-neged on Ma pledge to support another Invasion of Cuba. and Just before iris death lie had signed an order withdrawing 1.000 troops from Yletnare

Stone's content:air. to that the true Ken-nedy is the man who agreed to a nuclear test ban treaty and initiated the Alliance for Progress economic old prom-ern. and that hard-liners within the government and military were alarmed by this evidence

of his dovish:mu. The official version of Kennedy's assas-

sination Is this, He was fatally shot Nov. 22, 1961 while riding In a motorcade through downtown Dallas by a lone gunman Sta-tioned at a sixth-floor window of the Teas School Book Depository. Shortly after the shooting, Lee Harvey Oswald, an employee of the depository who Red the building moments after the shooting, wee arrested and charged with the murder of Kennedy and a Dallas policeman. Oswald denied both murders under questioning, two days later, as he was being transferred from the city Jail to county Jail. he was shot and killed by Dallis nightclub owner Jack Ruby.

A apecal presidential commission chaired by Chief Justice Earl Warren Investigated the shooting, and on Sept. 24. 1964. issued a report that stated Oswald was the tone assassin

But "JFK" finds many candidates for an assassination team In the ranks of deaths-sloned Cohens and the American military. Industrial complee Kennedy wag succeed-ed by Lyndon Baines Johnson, who portrayed in the film as the servant of the

economic Interests and :ingoistIC parties that benefited from the vast escalation of the Vieth= War.

course, en Oliver Stone movie wouldn't be merely an entertaining

commercial venture, even though it stars Cortner az Garrtsor_ Garrison was sharply criticized for &dans New Orleans mer. chant Clay Shaw to the CIA, ant-Castro Cubans and others In a fer•ranglog con. e;smacy to kill the President—a conspiracy that he could rat prove in court.

But Garrison was also a rebel hero for same, making him a natural subject for Stuns. who with movies Like -Platoon." "Born an the Fourth of July" and -The Down' has fought a battle for the soul of the Va. State Is compelled by what he Reif -mockingly terms a "demon counter - culterral drive" to stick lies cameras into the moat sensitive nattnnal wound, attempt re solve the MOSS puzzling of mysteries, champion a widely discredited lawman and take on the CIA, the FBI, the Joint Chiefs, L-B-L, the Mafia and the Washington Post. Say what you will about Stone. he dries not

go gently into the suttees of the Hollywood Might.

"So I've created a counter-myth to the official one—a that so had?" he asks, with one of Isis trademark sucker questions designed to throw a challenger off guard. No, It's lust unusual for the business he's in, and he knows that. This is not some low-budget rebel film like Cana-alerts' "Z" or his own "Salvador," which he often brings up. This Is the high-stakes holiday season, make - It- on - the - f - weekend crap game.

It's understandable why Slone would make provocative political films, given his pest =penances recounted un "Platoon" and in numerous inter sews- But only

would Warner Brae, uneed in a partner. ship with Time-Life, bankroll this excori-ating view of the American Fatablehment? Ss this a ruling-dace death arab? Is it as Stone pure It only half jokthg, that "the Establishments obviously cracking and fissuring-1

The SAMSr ran be sought in a dinner meeting two years ago at The Grill :Mau.

Reuse see Page 28

441-5s. lama In another scene. New Oceans Dial. Atty. Jim Garrison (played by Kevin Costner) peers through the strite of the same type of rite used In the sISSnsalratiOn.

LOS ASCFI FC r_St.E5 CAINE:W. F/W.,EE'llfis?.1:KEtitilE113 Mt 5

Faces From the Movie,

Faces From History Costner

Garrison Jones Oldman

COVER STORY

In Oliver Stones "JFK," some notable actors are cast as notable

figures In the Kennedy assassiruitian end Its aftermath. Kevin Costner,

fresh from winning a brindle of Oscars for his "Dances With

Wolves," plays New Orleana Dist Atty. Jim Garman. British actor Gary Oldman plays Lee Harvey

Oswald, Kennedy's alleged assassin. Tommy Lee Jones playa Clay Shaw.

who was accused by Garrison of being part of a plot to kill Kennedy. And Garrison le eel has been east as Chief Justice Earl Warren, who Oared the commission that found

Oswald tone the lone assassin.

Garrison in 1969 Oswaie Shaw Warren

`JFK' Cannnaed from Page 5 rant in Beverly Hills with Stone, his Creative Artists Agency agent Paula Wag-ner, and the three top executives from Warner Bra —Feeeident and Chief Oper-ating Officer Terry Semel, Chairman of the Board and Chief llxecutive Of Bob Daly and Bill Gerber, a Warne production execudve—who had long beet Interested in Stone's work.

The ambience of that meeting marks the distance that Hollywood has traveled from the days when It was run by conservative moguls who held all the Garda What has emerged Ln its place. if Stone's experience is a guide, is a less ideological and more competitive Hollywood capital:gm focused more partly on making a buck. It a also a market in which successful artists, no matter their politics, abetted by the power-ful agencies that represent them. can have consaderahle clout.

Stone was I hot director, and warren had been courting him for some time to make a movie about Howard Hughes. That effort came to naught because Warren Beatty controlled the rights. Slone told the Warners sexes he had "quietly optioned** two books an an even more Important mystery. Stone, who had won an Academy Award for the screenplay for "Midnight Express:' wanted to write a script about the Kennedy iuteasrusetion.

One of the books Stone optioned was "On the Trail of the Assustris" by Jtm Garrison.

published in 1988 by Sheridan Square Press and barely reviewed. It was a revision of an earlier book by Garrison. then a Louisiana Appellate Court Justice, in defense of Ins earlier case charging a New Orleans- based conspiracy that included Clay Shaw, an international merchant, The other book was Jim Marra' compendium, "Crossfire--The Plot That Killed Kennedy." which covers the gamut of Kennedy assassination theories,

"My immediate reaction was 'Wow; What a powerful and great idea for a movie,— said Warners' Semel. "Any time the alumina don had come up In the last 30 years, everyone seemed to feel that we didn't get the whole story,"

But could Stone attract top-drawing actors to the project? It helped that Stone was accompanied by Wagner of CAA. Stone has had a close working relationship with Wagner since 1985. when she helped put his movie "Salvador" together. At that time, she secured the services of James Woods. who was also represented by her agency. She would subsequently get Stone together with CAA client. Tom Stranger and Willem Defoe for "Flamm" Michael Douglas for "Wail Street." Tom Cruise for "Born" and Val Kilmer, who starred in "The Doors." "So," Stone laughs. "I mien Paula and I have a relationship."

In short. Stone came to the meeting holding quite a few of those cards that would have been solidly in the hands of the studio in the old days. The only one he was missing —which they had—was the money. But he didn't think that was a missile obstacle with this property and was coal-

dent of successfully shopping It around. Stone says that "better deals could have

been made in the international market" but that he preferred selling the whole thing to Warners because "I didn't want the script going all over the world to be bid on and read. I knew the material was dangerous and I wanted one entity to finance the whole thing and the history of Warner Brut.. given Terry Semel's record of politi-cal films, was my first choice."

Warner Rms. =de: Semel produced "All the President's Men," "The Parallax View" and "The Killing Fields"

Dinner that night around a table in the front room of The Grill was " like a bunch of guys silting around in Las Vegas saying, 'Hey, I want to build this thong and people will come,— Stone says. "I told them I wanted 'JFK' to be a movie about the problem of covert parallel government in this country and deep political corruption. fiere'a the story. I laid it out LI 15, 20 minutes. They were all ears. I said I want to tell the nary as it was first understood in 1983 and then :ell It over and aver so it unravels and by the end you see it in a totally different light."

Semi remembers Stone saying "lots of things like 'Ate you concerned politically? Would it affect your company? Are there negative reasons why you wouldn't do it?' My cramediate reaction was 'No, we should do ito H Ira entertaining and it's intriguing. a great murder mystery about something we all cared about and grew up thinking about, why not.' To me. it took two minutes to he totally ensconced m the whale idea"

By the time cappuccino was served, they

had a handshake deal. The details took months of bargaining lc work cut, but the commitment to a film for around 120 million was made and Stole knew "my

mole had a home." CAA client Costner was signed to play Garrison in January. 1991. I two months before Cosmer's "Dane. es With Wolves" swept the Academy Awards). The budget doubled to $41 mil- lion when ArnOtt Hilcharo an Is repre- senting German and French money, be-came executive producer, and Stone was able to afford an Impress& e cast of sup-porting actors as well.

The presence of Joe Peso. Walter Mat-than FA Amer. Donald Sutherland, Jack Lemrr.oa and the others WAS important to Stone's strategy: "The supporting can provides a map of the American psyches familiar comfortable faces that walls you through a winding path in the dark woods. Warners thought it was too costly to have them but those actors all waived their normal fees to help the picture"

Despite rumors that Mel Gibson and others were candidates to play Garrison. Stone inmate that Costner was his preferred choice. "It helped that [CAA President' Mike °vita was a strong fan of the =see," Stone says, and was strongly urging Cost-ner. his client to be in it An obstacle was the actor's promise to his wife that he would take a year off from work. But as Costner says, "after she read the book, she said, 'You have to do it.' "

Costner. who pointed out he comes horn a conservative Republican 'oackground, researched the material carefully before

nave Oct Pace JP

2a 51.NR■vi. PECEMREA i SW1 1,05 ANOV-ESTIMES. Ckl_asTftul

COVEN St ONY

challenge what he considers "the absurdities and palpable untruths in Garrison's book and Stones rendition of

Leather paints out that Gammon lost his case linking New Orleans merchant Shaw to an assassination consmracy and therefore might be presumed to have defamed an 'm-oment man. He adds that Garrison embellished a weak case by pick-ing on the man's homosexual rela-thins to prove guilt by possible ageociation

Nat so. says Stone, who docu-ments Shaw's connection with the CIA. which had been denied on the stand, and than goes on to provide photographs and eyewitness ac-counts linking Shaw to the mass.. nitUon "He was in the CIA accord-ing to [CIA director) Richard Helms. spotted by numerous 5,4 nears with Lee Oswald and David Ferrie C the mart Garrison thought was the getaway pilot for the Deltas ISMIN5L1311, whom he denied knowing. So don't give me this jive about his being an innocent man. He was a perjurer at the very least"

Re adds that members of the mry when interviewed said they did believe there was a conspiracy TA kW Kennedy.

It is true that the ease against Shaw was weak. The movie itself contains powerful valcea. including that of Sissy Spacek. pitying Gar-risons long-suffering and events-ally divorced wile. arguing person.. sively at one point in the movie that Shaves rights are being violat-ed in a witch hunt The defection of a key Gasmen staffer, shown te the movie. Is supported by a strong criticism detailing the failure of the enterprise.

"Even paranoids have enemies."

Stone answers, decrying the tact that the Washington Post's Lard - nee "has not seen the movie and is unconscionable in criticising a work in progress. Including scenes in the early script that are not even In the movie."

ut Wither was only one antic. LP' In an Op-Ed piece in the Los Angeles Times. former Gar icon researcher Tom Bethel, who con-cedes that he turned over Garri-son's witness list to the Shaw defense team, says "many students of the assassination are concerned that glamorising someone as reek - ism as Garrison aught undermine legitimate skepticism about the official findings." Time magazine observed that "Garrison is Conald-ered somewhere near the far -out fringe of conspiracy theorists but Stone appears to have bought his visionvirtually wholesale."

On the other hand. Some! of Werner Bros.. who read Garrison's book at Stone's suggestion. was "blown away by the fact that clearly aornedung else happened" than the Warren Commission re-ported.

"If people are upset or uptight about the fact that they don't agree with some of the premises of the movie. I think that's one of the great things about our country," say, Semi "We are allowed to express all these things. We are presenting passible scenarios that many of us feel tn our gut have real threads of poesitallty."

Stone himself is even more sym-pathetic to Garrison than the csov. le he has made. In Interviews, he defends Garrison's "courage" in bringing the indictments. points out that Gamson went to thud only

Please see Page 34

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Continued from Pugs 33 after a three-judge panel and a grand fury said he had !laden% evidence and that GMT111111 was thwarted at every turn In his inveitigation by much of the American legal and political alstab-lishment "His subpoena against [CIA Director] Allen Dulles. Charles Cabel 'Cubes' deputy] and Richard Helms who succeeded Dulles IN CIA director[ were all quashed. four governors in four different states would net honor hL extradition requests, his files were copied and passed on to the defense by several traitors on his staff and his office was Upped He was also bribed with a federal judgeship and his witnesses were threatened, cajoled and also bribed."

B in the movie to compelling not because It makes the case

against Shaw or for Garrison but because It presents in ethausting derail the conflicting SO:MMIS that Indicate that something very ar-

feernt from the official version

happened. We and Garrison still are not sure what it proves. except that the Warren Commission got It wrong..

"No one really knows exactly what happened, who did It or now," Stone concedes, -but we have some pretty good three and we reach some conclusions in the movie that I hope will !upe a counter- myth to the one the Warren Commission put out that will exist in the minds of the not. generation. Mythology is not a child's fairy tale; It's a true Inner meaning of an event."

But why bang a plausible case against the Warren Commission or the craitroveratel theories of Gard-am -why did Stone pick this book for his ".IFX."' Stone bad not thought much about the assassina-tion untii ISIS, when the Garrison hook was pressed upon him by Lien Ray. publisher of Covert Action Information Bulletin, which delights In exposing the CIA. and publisher of the book, on a creaky elevator when they met by chance, or so it seems, In Havens's old Nacional Hotel. Stone was in Cuba to accept a Latin American Film Festival award for "Salvador" from Nobel Laureate Gabriel Garcia

Marquee Stone at root thought Ray was

"rust another medal-wearing ad-vocate of a cause," but he took the book with him to the Philippines, where he was completing shots for "Born on the Fourth of Judy.' "It was a great gumshoe story. This pistol whipping occurs on the night of Nov.) 22 on a rainy night in which this guy. Sack Martin an FBI Informant], gets his skull lard open by his boss, Guy Banister. [a farmer FBI bureau churn and out of that little Raymond Chandler kind of Incident, Garrison spins this tale out with International In-trigue-a hell of a trail. As a dramatist, that excited me"

After also haying rights to the Jim Marrs book, Stone Learned up with Zachary Sklar. the editor of Garrison's book, to write a script based on the books and a SIS111170 amount of other information gath-ered by Jane Amami, a recent Yale graduate he had hired as a researcher. The material. gathered over two yearn, "allowed me to use Garrison as a vehicle for a larger perspective than was available to Men in 1967-897

The "use" of Garrison and the other real-life character!' in this

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docudrama mines a host of ques-tions about a dramatist's use of hiatory. Stone thinks ft is the drarcatiet's right to form composite characcers as well as the things they say

Moat startling LI the character called Mr. X. played by Donald Sutherland. whom Garrison meet' on a park bench in Wash:rum and who spells out the grand theory of the CIA and military intelligence an a secret government Cartoon did meet soma potential witnesses on park benches but not Ntr. X. who In real life is Fletcher Prouty. a former aide to the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Stone met Prouty In Wash-ington while he was writing the script "We took the Liberty of having Garrison meet the X char-acter beeause I met X. who stunned me with his revelations and I incorporated what he told me into a meeting between lCostner awl Garrison and Strtherisnd. I feel that was not s violet= of the spirit of the truth. because Gammon also met a Deep Throat type named Richard Case Nagell, who claimed to be a CIA agent and made Jim aware of a much larger acenario than the microcosm in New Orle-

Another melange involves Gar-rison's closing argument In the Shaw trial. which includes much of the actual argument from the trial's transcript but hall of which was written by Stone to gat in the points he says. learned mice that tune

"I wanted to make It batten to bring up the man's whole life into the summation about has feelings and my feelings. which crossed in there.

"The dramatist takes license to composite events and characters into a condensed apace; moving fact around. For example. I take three hornoseral characters who spotted Oswald with Ferris and Shaw and made them into one character played by Kevin Bacon This Is hardly unusual for a drama-!jet: 'Killing Fields,' Reds and 'Missing' come to mind as elastic but accurate interpretations of our

hisitoty. I'm not hiding what I'm doing; we're putting out a screen-play which a highly footnoted as so our choices and sources so it can be studied and picked apart.

"Sometimes it's hard to renum-ber who's who when you're fin-billed with the movie. You become part of the character. but I will never regret having Tutted Jim Gammon's soul; it made me a better man How do you like that quote? It will really get the haters out

oat of the critics attacking M Garrison nevertheless seem to share Stone and Garrison's view that there wu more than one gunman and that the Warren Com-mission was therefore wrong Stone, who has often been 'doused

of using a sledgehammer when a scalpel will do, this time carves out detail after mysterious detail to rebut the single-asses= theory.

The Improbable angle of fire from the book depository. The

--magic bullet" said by the Warren Comnusson to have hit both Ken-nedy and Tam Gov. Jahn Con-nally in three separate places. Os-wald'' cheap kelan rifle. incapable of getting off the requisite accurate rounds. Uyetarious death'. Con u-a-dietary sights. Witnesses the War-ren Commission refused to ques-uon

Conner says it was the "magic bullet" that turned bun againet the lone assassin conclusion of the Warren Commission. It will likely have the same effect on many viewers of !Ms 550510, not because of any new facts, but as a tribute to Stone's skill as an agitprop film-maker. Employ-lair the skills of the cinematic teehrucers, he uses the Zapruder film to fullest advantage to establish that Kennedy and Gov. Connally were shot no more than 1.8 seconds apart.

The Warren Commission and virtually everyone else accepts that Osweld's rifle could not have Iced twice in that time period. How they salved the problem Is described by Costner in a court-room presentation. The commie -

Please see Page 36

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