Calculating a piezo flexural resonator ACUM 2014, …2002/02/12 · Calculating a piezo flexural resonator ACUM 2014, Nürnberg Qualification Laboratory Regensburg Mechanical Simulation

Calculating a piezo flexural resonator

ACUM 2014, Nürnberg

Qualification Laboratory Regensburg

Mechanical Simulation – Finite Element Method

Public



Welcome

5 June 2014

2 Jürgen Heine, © Continental AG

A few words to introduce myself

Name: Jürgen Heine

Company / Continental, QL RBG

Department: Reliability Engineering / Simulation

Responsibility: Central Service Mechanical Simulation,

Finite Element Method

FEM-areas: structural analysis linear and non-linear

static and dynamic

stationary and transient

fatigue, magneto static, thermal, creep etc.

Contact: Osterhofener Str. 14

93055 Regensburg

Phone +49 941 790 5860

Fax +49 941 790 99 5860

Email [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



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Content

5 June 2014


Continental Corporation

- Overview

- Central Service Mechanical Simulation

Calculating a piezo flexural resonator

- APDL commands for material definition, load and results

- restrictions for voltage results and work around

- ACT (Application Customization Toolkit) for piezo

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Continental Corporation Overview 2013

5 June 2014


Chassis & Safety 22%

Powertrain 19%

Interior 20%

Tires 28%

ContiTech 11%

Sales by division in %

Status: December 31, 2013

› Since 1871 with headquarters in Hanover, Germany

› Sales of €33.3 billion

› 177,762 employees worldwide

› 300 locations in 49 countries

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Continental Corporation Five Strong Divisions

5 June 2014


Chassis &

Safety

Vehicle Dynamics

Hydraulic

Brake Systems

Passive Safety &

Sensorics

Advanced Driver

Assistance Systems

(ADAS)

Powertrain

Engine Systems

Transmission

Hybrid Electric

Vehicle

Sensors &

Actuators

Fuel Supply

Interior

Instrumentation &

Driver HMI

Infotainment &

Connectivity

Body & Security

Commercial Vehicles

& Aftermarket

Tires

PLT, Original

Equipment

PLT, Repl. Business,

EMEA


The Americas


Asia Pacific

Comercial Vehicle

Tires

Two Wheel Tires

ContiTech

Air Spring Systems

Benecke-Kaliko

Group

Compounding

Technology

Conveyor Belt

Group

Elastomer Coatings

Fluid Technology

Power Transmission

Group

Vibration Control

BU activities R&D

BU activities Production

in Regensburg located Division-Heads

in Regensburg located Business Unit-Heads

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Data & Facts

Qualification Laboratories / EMC* & Reliability Services Reliability by design

5 June 2014


Performance EMC/Reliability-Engineering

› Design and concept analysis

› Components choice under EMC/REL-Aspects

› Simulation

› Risk Analysis

› Design guidelines

› Test plan creation (QV)

› Acoustic and Vibration measurement in the vehicle (NVH)

Performance EMC/Reliability-Laboratory

› DIN EN ISO IEC 17025 accredited Reliability laboratory

› EMC/Reliability tests and DV-/PV-EMC tests

› Automotive-specific tests

› Business overlapping service provider for all projects

› Development and setup of operational life span and EMC

loadboxes

EMC - Laboratory and Engineering

Commissioning 1996

Area (sqm) 1,600

Staff members 36

Reliability - Laboratory and Engineering

Commissioning 1984

Area (sqm) 2,400

Staff members 35

* EMC - Electromagnetic Compatibility

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Examples

5 June 2014


Daily work:

detect the natural frequencies on

injector-pipes, pump-pipe, bench-pipes

etc.

qualitative analysis, detailed

interpretation - insight into how the

values of stress and strain in the vias

are change during temperature cycles,

especially for maximums and by

comparison of different via diameters,

PCB-thickness and thickness of copper

coating

reaction force and stress in the PCB

resulting from e. g. temperature load,

especially on critical components or screw

joints. Also modes, frequency and

acceleration response, resulting stress

and strain due to vibration load.

sensor assembly - stress and

strain at all parts due to

traction forces in different

directions at the main power

supply line

design study - stress and strain

at a mounting clip, comparison

of designs

stress on PCB/components

during pressfit insertion (plug

pins)

card bending test1, aim of

analysis was an

estimation of stress and

strain levels on PCB to

estimate the risk of solder

damage under bending

test condition.

mechanical design of bracket -

spectrum analysis / fatigue

calculation

vibration fixtures - weakness of critical modes

deformation, reaction force, stress, strain, tightness (sealing), temperature distribution,

modes, resonance frequencies, harmonic response, system behavior, fatigue …….

deformation, force/ pressure, temperature,

acceleration (sinus sweep/PSD) …

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Examples

5 June 2014


removing Cu-Oxid by melting on

with laser, calculate heating around

laserpoint

stress, strain, relaxation and

strain creep behavior of

solder joints during

temperature cycling,

comparison of slow and rapid

temperature change

shunt – deformation due

to power dissipation

VISHAY / KOA /

ISABELLENHÜTTE

NOx-sensor - deformation in connector

pin area due to temperature load

several analyses - deformation due to

temperature change (-40°C - 140°C), stress in

sensors / thermal transient analysis -

temperature during soldering of sensors,

deformation of solder points, bonding process

Special tasks:

complex assemblies, solder-creep, multiphysics, magnetostatic, piezo

coil– magnetostatic

field, e.g. magnetic flux

density, transient

magnetic fields

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Piezo

5 June 2014


Blei-Zirkonat-Titanat

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Measurement

5 June 2014


Measurement results to following values:

Frequency: ~ 14.000 – 14.600Hz

Amplitude: ~ 6µm (max.)

Voltage: ~ 12,0 - 14,6V (max., hanging free)

M1-13_14250_kHz_14.25_kHz.avi

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Model

5 June 2014


Harmonic response / frequency response

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Material Data Sheet

5 June 2014


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Material Matrices

5 June 2014


Example: Material matrices for PZT

elastic compliance or stiffness piezoelectric

stress or strain

permittivity at constant

stress or strain

elastic compliance

Piezoelectric stress

permittivity at constant stress

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Material Data via EXCEL-Sheet

5 June 2014


TB,PIEZ,matid,,,1

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Material Input

5 June 2014


esel,s,mat,,matid !select all elements with actual mat ID

*get,enum,elem,,count !get number of selected elements

*dowhile,enum !change all elements to type 226 (186+40)

*get,etyp,elem,elnext(0),attr,type ! PIEZOELECTRIC AXISYMMETRIC ELEMENT TYPE

*get,enam,etyp,etyp,attr,enam

et,etyp,enam+40,1001

esel,u,type,,etyp

*get,enum,elem,,count

*enddo

alls

mpdel,all,matid !delete all mat data and temp

tdel,all,matid

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Material Input

5 June 2014


/PREP7

mp,dens,matid,RHO

mp,rsvx,matid,RESIS ! resistivity

mp,LSST,matid,17e-3 ! dielectric loss tangent

TB,ANEL,matid,,,1 ! ANISOTROPIC ELASTIC COMPLIANCE MATRIX

TBDA,1,S11,S13,S12

TBDA,7,S33,S13

TBDA,12,S11

TBDA,16,S44

TBDA,19,S44

TBDA,21,S66

TB,PIEZ,matid,,,1 ! PIEZOELECTRIC STRAIN MATRIX

TBDA,2,D31

TBDA,5,D33

TBDA,8,D31

TBDA,10,D15

TBDA,15,D15

TB,DPER,matid,,,1 ! DIELECTRIC REL PERMITTIVITY AT CONST STRESS

TBDA,1,EP11,EP33,EP11

/COM, -- MATERIAL MATRICES (POLAR AXIS ALONG Y-AXIS): Mechanical APDL INPUT

/COM,

/COM, [s11 s13 s12 0 0 0 ] [ 0 d31 0 ] [ep11 0 0 ]

/COM, [s13 s33 s13 0 0 0 ] [ 0 d33 0 ] [ 0 ep33 0 ]

/COM, [s12 s13 s11 0 0 0 ] [ 0 d31 0 ] [ 0 0 ep11]

/COM, [ 0 0 0 s44 0 0 ] [d15 0 0 ]

/COM, [ 0 0 0 0 s44 0 ] [ 0 0 d15]

/COM, [ 0 0 0 0 0 s66] [ 0 0 0 ]

/COM, COMPLIANCE COEFFICIENTS, M2/N

S11=1.6E-11 !sE11

S12=-7.7E-12 !sE12

S13=-6.9E-12 !sE13

S33=1.8E-11 !sE33

S44=4.52E-11 !sE44

S66=5.15E-11 !sE66

/COM, PIEZOELECTRIC STRAIN COEFFICIENTS, C/N

D15=5.5E-10 !d15

D31=-1.95E-10 !d31

D33=4.6E-10 !d33

/COM, REL PERMITTIVITY AT CONSTANT STRESS

EP11=1650 !KT11 senkrecht zur Polungsrichtung

EP33=1850 !KT33 in Polungsrichtung

/COM, DENSITY, KG/M3

RHO=7900

/COM, RESISTIVITY, ohm

RESIS=1E12

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Boundary Condition / Load

5 June 2014


/prep7

*do,i,1,3

cmsel,s,piezo%i% !select voltage areas

cp,next,volt,all !couple voltage areas

nf%i%=ndnext(0) !master node nf1-nf3

d,nf%i%,volt,arg%i% !voltage to master node as defined

*enddo

allsel

! Command for load definition, insert after boundary condition

! define boundary condition

! define components (areas) for electric potential

! Argumente arg1, arg2 … are defining the potential values

! ddel,nf1,volt

! ddel,nf2,volt

ddel,nf3,volt ! delete potential definition -> RESULT area

outres,erase

outres,all,all

/solu

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Results - Deformation

5 June 2014


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Frequency Response

5 June 2014


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Results Definition

5 June 2014


set,1

my_volt11=volt(nf1) !Voltage at master node 1

my_volt21=volt(nf2)

my_volt31=volt(nf3)

Command to get the voltage for a pre-defined set!

! define components (areas) for electric potential

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Problems With Voltage Results

5 June 2014


Evaluation depends on frequency and phase angle

Result print for frequency response depends on

stress, strain, deformation or acceleration

not on VOLT!

Maximum VOLTAGE are not necessarily occur on maximum stress, strain etc.

Own evaluation with imaginary values -> APDL Command

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/post26

alls

nsol,2,node(0,3e-4,0),VOLT ! In Variable 2 Ergebniswerte VOLT ueber Zeit einlesen

prcplx,1 ! Komplexer Zahlenbereich eingestellt

prvar,2

!Tabelle mit Ampl-Phase als spg-phase-tabelle.txt im Solververzeichnis speichern

/output,spg-phase-tabelle,txt

prcplx,1

prvar,2

/output

!max Spannung als Variable

VGET,zeit,1, ,0

VGET,real_werte,2, ,0 !Real

VGET,imag_werte,2, ,1 !Imaginaer

VGET,calc1_werte,2, ,0 !Real

VGET,calc2_werte,2, ,1 !Imaginaer

!Aus imaginär und real teil muß die Amplitude berechnet werden a=sqrt(b^2+c^2)

*voper,calc1_werte(1,1),real_werte(1,1),mult,real_werte(1,1) !Realwerte quadrieren

*voper,calc2_werte(1,1),imag_werte(1,1),mult,imag_werte(1,1) !Imaginärwerte quadrieren

*voper,calc1_werte(1,1),calc1_werte(1,1),add,calc2_werte(1,1) !Addition der quadrierten Werte

*vfun,calc1_werte(1,1), sqrt,calc1_werte(1,1) !Wurzel aus .. -> Amplitude

*voper,calc2_werte(1,1),imag_werte(1,1),ATN2,real_werte(1,1) !arctan aus imag/real

*voper,calc2_werte(1,1),calc2_werte(1,1),mult,180 !für Grad *180 / PI

*voper,calc2_werte(1,1),calc2_werte(1,1),div,3.141592654

!Mit *vscfun ermittle ich erst den Maximalwert und die Zeile in der der Maximalwert steht.

!Danach lese ich noch die Zeit und den Realwert aus.

*VSCFUN,i_max,MAX,calc1_werte(1,1)

*VSCFUN,zeile,LMAX,calc1_werte(1,1)

max_zeit_=zeit(zeile,1)

max_ampl_=calc1_werte(zeile,1)

max_phas_=calc2_werte(zeile,1)

APDL Skript – Voltage Evaluation

5 June 2014


/com,+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

/com, max bei f=%max_zeit_%

/com, Real = %max_ampl_% Phase = %max_phas%

/com,+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

my_max_zeit=max_Zeit_

my_max_ampl=max_ampl_

my_max_phas=max_phas_

/show,png

!/gropt,logy,on

/axlab,x,FREQ HZ

/axlab,y,VOLT V

/color,curve,red,1

/title,Amplitude

plvar,2

plcplx,1

/title,Phase

/axlab,y,Phasenwinkel

/gropt,logy,off

plvar,2

/show,term

generate graph

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APDL Skript - Results

5 June 2014


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APDL Skript - Results

5 June 2014


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ACT – Install And Use

5 June 2014


Customer Portal – zip-File Download

Installing from WB Project page:

1. Select the “Install Extension …” option

2. It will open a file dialog to select a “*.wbex” file

3. The extension is installed

ACT - Application Customization Toolkit

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ACT – Material Data

5 June 2014


mp,rsvx,matid,RESIS

mp,LSST,matid,17e-3

RESISTIVITY, ohm

electric loss tangent

7,91662E-9 / 8,854E-12 =

894,129

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ACT – Material Data

5 June 2014


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ACT – Boundary Condition

5 June 2014


voltage includes coupling!!!

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ACT – Boundary Condition

5 June 2014


voltage coupling for

voltage output area !!!

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ACT - Results

5 June 2014


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General Findings

5 June 2014


Check element size – mesh should be fine enough!

Position and size of solder joints are significantly for

resonance frequency and damping!

Silver conductive has clearly influence to results (stiffness, damping)!

System damping are a main factor for voltage results!

Resistance of piezo material (RESIS) has no (or less) influence to results!

E:/FEM004-15290_kHz.avi

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Common Notes

5 June 2014


Be careful with the unit system!

Define coupled voltage areas with master node!

Dynamic analysis - all contacts bounded (linear)!

Check material data in case of strange results!

Use ACT with English language (WB/Tools/Option/Regional and Language Options)

ACT is a Beta option

Include Stiffness matrix in matdat area

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Thank you!

33

5 June 2014

Jürgen Heine, © Continental AG

Documents

Calculating a piezo flexural resonator ACUM 2014, …2002/02/12 · Calculating a piezo flexural resonator ACUM 2014, Nürnberg Qualification Laboratory Regensburg Mechanical Simulation