Cajetan.on Faith and Works

8/14/2019 Cajetan.on Faith and Works

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Cajetan, On Faith and Works (1532)

Of the many Roman Catholic theologians who took up the pen against Luthe , Ca !inal Cajetan

(1"#$%153") anks among the &est' his homist, who ha! met with Luthe in ugs&u g in 151$,

was one of the few in the ne*t !eca!e who ecogni+e! the issue that was at the hea t of Luthe s

attack on the chu ch' -is ca eful esponse to it in this essay allows us to compa e Luthe stheology of justification with a contempo a y an! in!isputa&ly Roman Catholic pe specti.e on the

issue'

o the /up eme 0ontiff, Clement

O&e!ience to the comman!s of you -oliness is always !ue, &ut now it is fo me a !elight

since was wanting to efute the poisonous Luthe an .iews on faith an! wo ks' 4ea ing these we e

infecting e.en the hea ts of the faithful, ha! sho tly &efo e ecei.ing you -oliness comman!

felt calle! to w ite this t eatise' his is conse uently an ag eea&le act of o&e!ience which hope

p o.es f uitful fo Ch ist s faithful an! pleasing to you -oliness, whose office it is also to ju!ge

this sho t wo k'

1' he Luthe an 6oct ine of 4aith

he Luthe ans e*alt the e.angelical !oct ine of man s ete nal sal.ation th ough faith in 7esus

Ch ist, ou human 8e!iato &etween 9o! an! man' hey teach that men attain the fo gi.eness of

sins th ough faith in 7esus Ch ist, &ut they enla ge the te m :faith; so as to inclu!e that con.iction

&y which the sinne app oaching the sac ament &elie.es he is justifie! &y the !i.ine me cyth ough the inte cession of 7esus Ch ist' hey assign such g eat .alue to this con.iction that theysay it attains the fo gi.eness of sins th ough the !i.ine p omise' hey affi m that unless one has

this fi m con.iction a&out the 1 Co ' 13 13@'

aken in this sense faith is the gift of 9o!, as w itten in Bphesians 2 > $@, &y which we a e sa.e!

an! without which it is impossi&le to please 9o!' =y such faith we &elie.e all the a ticles of faith

an! whate.e is to &e &elie.e! as necessa y to sal.ation'

=ut faith, taken as a con.iction &y which a pe son &elie.es he is justifie! as he he e an! nowecei.es this sac ament &y the me it of Ch ist, is much !iffe ent f om faith taken in the fi st way'

s a fi st in!ication of this, consi!e what is &elie.e!' Dow faith cannot hol! to something false, &ut this con.iction can &e !ecei.e!, since it conce ns a pa ticula effect he e an! now' his
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con.iction a ises in pa t f om the faith that is necessa y fo sal.ation an! in pa t f om human

conjectu e' Conce ning the me it of Ch ist an! the sac aments, it is faith that calls fo such acon.ictionE &ut conce ning the effect he e an! now in one s own case, it is human conjectu e that

gi.es ise to the con.iction'

t is a matte of Ch istian faith that anyone t usting in the me it of Ch ist an! inwa !ly an!outwa !ly ecei.ing the sac ament co ectly is justifie! &y !i.ine g ace' =ut Ch istian faith !oesnot e*ten! to the &elief that am at this moment inwa !ly an! outwa !ly ecei.ing the sac ament co ectly' /imila ly am hel! &y Ch istian faith to &elie.e that the t ue &o!y of Ch ist is in a

co ectly consec ate! host, &ut Ch istian faith !oes not e*ten! to the &elief that the host

consec ate! at this moment &y this pa ticula cele& ant on this alta is the &o!y of Ch ist, since this

latte can fo .a ious easons &e false'

secon! consi!e ation is that all Ch istians sha e in one an! the same faith, acco !ing to

Bphesians " > 5F@, :One Lo !, one faith'; O&.iously, my own faith !oes not entail &elie.ing that

this man who is ecei.ing the sac ament is he e an! now justifie! o that the &o!y of Ch ist is in a pa ticula host' Conse uently no one s :faith; entails &elie.ing this pa ticula effect of this

sac ament in the case of this in!i.i!ual' he efo e, the unity of faith & ings to light the secon!!iffe ence &etween faith an! the con.iction !esc i&e!'

-ence the fi st e o of the Luthe ans in this matte is that they att i&ute to this con.iction

what -oly /c iptu e att i&utes to faith' Rom' 5 1 F@,an! :&y faith pu ifying thei hea ts; > cts 15 G F@ an! countless te*ts like these'

3' he /econ! B o eaching hat his Con.iction ttains 4o gi.eness of /ins

hei asse tion that a con.iction of this type attains the fo gi.eness of sins can &e sai! an!

un!e stoo! &oth ightly an! w ongly' f it is sai! an! un!e stoo! that this con.iction info me! &yfaith an! cha ity attains fo gi.eness of sins, this is t ue' =ut if the info ming influence of cha ity is

e*clu!e!, then it is false' s ugustine says in De Trinitate, =ook H , Chapte 1$, the e is no

mo e e*cellent gift of 9o! than cha ity, which alone !istinguishes the sons of the ete nal king!om

f om the sons of ete nal pe !ition'

One shoul! know that this con.iction is in fact sha e! &y all who !e.outly app oach the

sac aments' pe son !e.outly app oaching any sac ament !oes &elie.e that &y ecei.ing it he is justifie! &y the me its of the passion an! !eath of Ch ist, o else he woul! not so app oach' =utthis con.iction is not the same in all, since one pe son may &elie.e mo e than anothe that he is

justifie!' 9ene ally the !e.out join to this con.iction a !ou&t, namely, that the cont a y may &e the

case' hey !o this since no te*t of /c iptu e an! no !ocument of the chu ch teaches us that we

must hol! this con.iction against all !ou&t' he eason fo !ou&t is that gene ally no one knows

whethe on his pa t something impe!es eception of the gift of fo gi.eness of sins' 9ene ally, one

!oes not know whethe he is lacking the g ace of 9o!' -ence such a !ou&t entails no !espising ofthe !i.ine p omise' One is not !ou&ting a&out 9o!, not a&out the me it of Ch ist, an! not a&outthe sac ament, &ut one is !ou&ting a&out himself' t is w itten >0s' 1$ 13 F@, :


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among those who we e con.e te! was ce tain, &ut each ha! some !ou&t whethe 9o! fo ga.e

them'

confi mation of this lies in the fact that the !ou&t affecting this con.iction woul! only &e

justifia&ly emo.e! &y one of th ee causes' 4i st, !i.ine e.elation coul! & ing this a&out, &ut this

is not to the point he e, since although 9o! has e.eale! that all !o attain fo gi.eness whoinwa !ly an! outwa !ly t ust co ectly that they attain this, he has not e.eale! that this pe son is

now co ectly tu ning to 9o! inwa !ly an! outwa !ly' his pa ticula effect is not inclu!e! in the

e.elation on which Ch istian faith is &ase!' /econ!, a sufficient num&e of testimonies can

moti.ate one to &elie.e in a pa ticula fact' 4o instance, a sufficient num&e of testimonies can

& ing one who has ne.e left Rome to &elie.e that the islan! of Calicut o ap o&an !oes e*ist' =ut

o&.iously in the case of the con.iction &y which one &elie.es he is justifie! the e !o not occu anytestimonies that & ing the min! to &e con.ince! a&out this effect now in oneself' hi !, the special

competence of witnesses coul! emo.e the !ou&t, fo instance, if they we e &eyon! all o&jection,

as in Romans $ > 1# F@ whe e the apostle w ites that the -oly /pi it &ea s witness to ou spi it thatwe a e sons of 9o!' his witness p esupposes that the fo gi.eness of sins has &een confe e!,

&ecause it p esupposes that the one a&out whom witness is gi.en is in fact a son of 9o!, as the te*t

clea ly in!icates' =ut the con.iction asse te! &y the Luthe ans !oes not p esuppose in one the

fo gi.eness of sins, &ut is itself the way of attaining this, as a p io eality attains what follows'

-ence it is to posit an a &it a y !ogma to say that this so t of con.iction a&out the wo ! of

Ch ist, &ase! on the me it of his passion, an! so on, infalli&ly attains the fo gi.eness of sins'Conse uently Leo H inclu!e! the following among the con!emne! a ticles of Luthe

/ins a e not fo gi.en unless when the p iest fo gi.es one &elie.es they a e fo gi.enE in fact, sins

emain unless one &elie.es he is fo gi.en' t is not sufficient that sins &e fo gi.en an! g ace &e

gi.enE one must also &elie.e he is fo gi.en' ' ' ' Jou shoul! in no wise t ust you a e a&sol.e! &ecause of you cont ition, &ut &ecause of the wo !s of Ch ist, :


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!i.ine ealities an! !ee!s in which we &elie.e' he sense appetites a e su&ject to the will, the will

to ight eason, an! ight eason is su&ject to 9o! in confo mity to what we accept in faith a&out

him an! a&out ou hea.enly homelan!' 1G F@, :Jou a e nolonge guests an! st ange s, &ut citi+ens with the saints an! mem&e s of 9o! s househol!'; lso,

in the Canticle, :8y &elo.e! is mine, an! am his; >2 1# F@'

his easoning suffices in itself to con.ince the min!, &ut it is fu the suppo te! &y the

autho ity of Ch ist, an! of 0ete , 7ohn, an! 0aul, all of whom att i&ute the fo gi.eness of sins to

&oth faith an! cha ity' n Luke ?> 5K F@, Ch ist sai! to the sinful woman, :Jou faith has sa.e!

you'; =ut he also sai! a&out he :8any sins a e fo gi.en he , &ecause she has lo.e! much;

>? "?F@' n this te*t the conjunction :&ecause; shows that lo.e is the p o*imate cause of the

fo gi.eness of sins, that is, :&ecause she has lo.e!'; 4aith is the cause inchoati.ely, &ut cha ity is

the cause completing the fo gi.eness of sins'

0ete the apostle sai! in cts 1K > "3 F@, : o him all the p ophets &ea witness that e.e yoneecei.es fo gi.eness of sins who &elie.es in his name'; hen in his 4i st Bpistle, chapte " > $ F@,

he w ote, :Cha ity co.e s a multitu!e of sins';

n a simila way the apostle 7ohn w ote in chapte 5 of his 4i st Bpistle, :B.e yone who &elie.es that 7esus is the Ch ist is &o n of 9o!; >5 1 F@' n! in chapte 3, : 1 F@, w ote, :7ustifie! &y faith, we ha.e peace with9o!'; =ut in 1 Co inthians 13> 2 F@, : f ha.e all faith, so as to mo.e mountains, &ut ha.e not

cha ity, am nothing,; nothing, that is, in the spi itual ealm whe e we a e ma!e chil! en of 9o!'

n 9alatians 5> #F@ he w ote, : n Ch ist 7esus neithe ci cumcision no unci cumcision a.ails

anything, &ut athe faith wo king th ough lo.e'; # 5 F@' mme!iately
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&efo e this, the e is a p ecept conce ning faith, whe e it says, :-ea O s ael the Lo ! ou 9o! is

one Lo !; ># " F@' n the same passage of the law the e is lai! !own a p ecept of faith, &elie.ing

9o! is only one, an! a p ecept of lo.ing the same 9o!' Rom' 3 2? F, g'@, an! says that the gentiles

o&se .e it &y natu e, as in Romans 2 > 1" F@, :the gentiles who !o not ha.e the law !o &y natu e

what the law e ui es'; t is ce tain that they !o not !o &y natu e what cha ity e ui es'

/ince this o&jection e ui.ocates in speaking of :law,; it conse uently is of no wo th' Lo.e of

9o! is not em& ace! &y the law of wo ks which is !istinguishe! against faith, &ut is un!e the

same law that inclu!es faith, as in 6eute onomy # whe e p ecepts of faith an! lo.e of 9o! occu

togethe ' nswe s to the othe o&jections of the Luthe ans a e o&.ious f om what has &een sai!'A

his is sufficient t eatment of faith'

5' he Luthe an eaching on "F@, : he man ighteous &y faith will li.e; >Rom' 1 1? FE 9al' 3 11F@' 0aul w ote to itus, :Dot

&y wo ks of ighteousness that we !i!, &ut th ough his me cy, he sa.e! us; >3 5 F@' lso, inBphesians 2> $f F'@, :=y g ace you ha.e &een sa.e! th ough faith, not of you own !oing, &ut &ythe gift of 9o!, an! not &ecause of wo ks, lest one shoul! &oast';

he fact that we !o not me it ete nal life th ough wo ks, &ut attain it &y the gift of 9o!, isshown in Romans #> 23 F@, : he wages of sin is !eath, &ut the gift of 9o! is ete nal life'; Luke

1?> 1KF@ is cite! to p o.e the same point an! at the same time to !emonst ate that no matte how

ighteous we may &e, ou wo ks !o not make satisfaction fo sins :


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#' he 8eaning of 8e it in his Conte*t

=efo e !ete mining whethe ou wo ks a e me ito ious o not, we must fi st & iefly e*amine what

is meant &y me it an! how theologians un!e stan! it in this conte*t conce ning ou wo ks'8e it is sai! of a .olunta y wo k, whethe inte io o e*te nal, to which &y ight a payment o

ewa ! is !ue' he apostle says in Romans "> " F@, : o one who wo ks payment is not accounte!as a g ace, &ut as his !ue'; -ence fou elements go togethe to constitute me it the pe son

me iting, the .olunta y wo k of me it, the payment !ue fo the me it, an! the pe son en!e ing

payment' he last is essential, since it woul! &e pointless to me it unless it &e f om some pe sonen!e ing one payment'

/ince we a e !iscussing ou me it &efo e 9o!, we must e*plain how men can me it f om 9o!a ewa ! fo thei wo ks' t appea s p o&lematical that 9o! woul! &y ight en!e payment fo ou

wo k, since &etween ou sel.es an! 9o! the e is no ight, st ictly an! a&solutely speaking'

/c iptu e says, :Bnte not in ju!gment with you se .ant, Lo !; >0s' 1"2 2 F@' he e is only a

!e i.e! kin! of ight, which is much less than the ight of a son towa ! his fathe an! of a sla.e

towa ! his maste ' -ow much less a e we in elation to 9o! than a man who is sla.e in elation to

the man who is his maste , an! than a son in elation to the ea thly fathe who &egot him' /o, if as

is w itten in =ook of the Ethics, the e is no ight st ictly an! a&solutely speaking, &ut only a

!e i.ati.e kin! of ight &etween sla.e an! maste an! &etween fathe an! son, then much less is

the e a ight &etween ou sel.es an! 9o!'

ll that the sla.e is &elongs to the maste ' son cannot en!e as much to his fathe as he

ecei.e!' -ence a ight, st ictly an! a&solutely consi!e e!, cannot e*ist &etween maste an! sla.e

an! &etween fathe an! son' t is t ue to a much g eate e*tent that all that a man is &elongs to 9o!

an! that man cannot en!e as much to 9o! as he ecei.e!' -ence man cannot me it something

f om 9o! that woul! &e !ue him &y ight, unless this &e a ight so weakene! that it &e fa less thanthe ight &etween maste an! sla.e an! fathe an! son' B.en such a weakene! ight is not,

a&solutely speaking, foun! &etween man an! 9o!, &ecause a&solutely speaking man s e.e y

.olunta y goo! action is !ue to 9o!' n fact, the mo e an! the &ette a man s inte io an! outwa !

wo ks, so much mo e !oes he owe to 9o!, since it is 9o! who wo ks in us &oth to will an! to

complete ou e.e y action >0hil' 2 13 F@' his weakene! ight is foun! &etween man an! 9o! &y

eason of the !i.ine o !ination &y which 9o! o !aine! ou wo ks to &e me ito ious &efo e

himself'

sic M Rom' 11 35F@, :-e who has gi.en the gift, shall he then ewa ! thisI;

9o! is the efo e in!e&te! to himself alone, that he shoul! ca y out his own will &y which he

g ante! that human wo ks woul! &e me ito ious so he woul! en!e to man the ewa ! fo his

wo k'

his is un!ou&te!ly t ue a&out the simple an! a&solute sense of me it' n othe cases, an

ag eement is p esuppose! &etween 9o! an! man on some matte , as among men when a maste

makes a pact of some kin! with his sla.e' n this case a ight can a ise &etween maste an! sla.e'

hus if 9o! !eigns to make a pact with man, a ight can a ise &etween man an! 9o! with

efe ence to the matte of the ag eement'


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floo! o.e the whole wo l!' 9enesis 15 > 1$%21 F@ !esc i&es 9o! s co.enant with & ahamconce ning the lan! of Canaan which was to &e gi.en to his offsp ing' 9enesis 1? > 1%11 F@ tells of

the co.enant of ci cumcision' n B*o!us 2"> $ F@ 8oses says, : his is the &loo! of the co.enant' ' ''; n 7e emiah 31> 31%3"F@ 9o! speaks e*plicitly of the co.enants of the ol! an! new law' n the

Dew estament ou /a.io e.eals 9o! un!e the fo m of the househol!e hi ing wo kmen fo his.ineya ! fo a !ay s wages, in 8atthew 2K> 1%1# F@' : fte making an ag eement fo a !ena ius a

!ay, he sent them into his .ineya !; >2K 2 F@' 4u the on >2K 13F@, :6i! you not ente into an

ag eement with meI;

hese te*ts make it clea that the e can &e in ou wo ks an element of me it e.en &y ight,with efe ence to the ewa ! conce ning which an ag eement has &een ma!e with 9o!'

Neep in min! though that to whate.e e*tent the e is a pact &etween 9o! an! man conce ning

a ewa !, still 9o! ne.e falls into ou !e&t, &ut is only in !e&t to himself' 4o in .iew of the

ag eement ma!e, the e is !ue to ou wo ks the ewa ! on which was ag ee!' 9o! !oes not the e&y

&ecome in!e&te! to us ega !ing this ewa !, &ut athe in!e&te! to his own p io !ete mination &y

which he !eigne! to ente a pact with us' Conse uently we p ofess in full t uth that 9o! is

in!e&te! to no one &ut to himself' One can the efo e asce tain a !ou&le aspect of me it &efo e 9o!in ou wo ks' he e is fi st the weakene! ight, an! secon! the ag eement' =ut ne.e is 9o!

in!e&te! to us'A hese, then, a e the initial consi!e ations fo a ight un!e stan!ing of the te ms

use! in t eating ou me its &efo e 9o!'

?' -uman


8/14

8any ag ee that human wo ks a e me ito ious of some &enefit f om 9o!, &ut not of ete nal life'

he efo e we must show specifically that the wo ks of the li.ing mem&e s of Ch ist a e

me ito ious of ete nal life' Ou /a.io sai! in 8atthew 5> 12 F@, :Rejoice an! &e gla! fo you

ewa ! is g eat in hea.en'; hus the hea.enly ewa ! of those who suffe fo Ch ist s sake entails

fi st of all &eatitu!e, o ete nal life' Gf F'@ !esc i&es the payment gi.en thewo kmen, saying they ecei.e! a !ena ius, it is o&.ious that the payment gi.en to all the wo ke s

in the Lo ! s .ineya ! is ete nal life'

0aul w ote in imothy "> ?f F'@, : ha.e fought the goo! fight, complete! the cou se, an! ha.e

kept faith' 4o the est, the e is lai! up fo me a c own of ighteousness which the Lo !, the just ju!ge, will g ant me'; Clea ly the c own gi.en 0aul is fi st of all &eatitu!e' lso, unless the ewa !

was !ue &y eason of his p e.ious wo ks, it woul! not &e t ue that 9o! is gi.ing him the c own

p ecisely as the just ju!ge' 0aul o&.iously teaches that ete nal life is !ue to him &y ight &ecause

of the wo ks he efe e! to' Ou Lo ! ma!e the same thing clea in !esc i&ing how in ju!ging the

wo l! he will gi.e ete nal life in etu n fo the wo ks of me cy' : was hung y an! you fe! me ' ' ';

>8att' 25 35 F@' his scene en!s : hese go away fo ete nal punishment, &ut the ighteous ente

ete nal life; >25 "# F@' he ju!ge !ete mines this &y eason of the !i.e sity of wo ks, as the wo ks

me itE othe wise, he woul! not ha.e gi.en the easons on each si!e'

cco !ing to -oly /c iptu e, the efo e, the wo ks of some men a e clea ly me ito ious of

ete nal life' G F@, whose powe

e*ten!s to p o!ucing f uit, so that just as the f uit is !ue &y natu al ight to the action of the see!,

so the f uit of ete nal life is !ue to the actions of !i.ine g ace in the soul' lso, !i.ine g ace, as ouLo ! sai! in 7ohn "> 1" F@, &ecomes in the man ha.ing it a sp ing of wate welling up unto ete nal

life' his clea ly in!icates the efficacy of g ace in us to attain to ete nal life' =y saying that theg ace gi.en wells up unto ete nal life, he teaches that the attaining takes place &y an inte .eningacti.ity, since what occu s in me afte accepting g ace occu s with my coope ation' Bspecially, the

powe of the -oly /pi it !welling in a pe son is a!e uate fo attaining ete nal life an! fo & ingingit a&out that ete nal life is !ue to his wo ks in us'

mo e manifest an! con.incing eason fo me it of this kin! can &e seen in the fact thatme iting ete nal life is less ou own action than the action of Ch ist who is -ea! in us an! th ough

us' "f F'@, Bphesians "> 15f F'@, an!

Colossians 2> 1GF@, then pe sons in g ace a e li.ing mem&e s of Ch ist the -ea!' Ch ist the -ea!an! the pe sons who a e his li.ing mem&e s !o not make up a &o!y of a political type, like the

&o!y of citi+ens in a well go.e ne! state' Rathe they constitute a &o!y like a single natu al &o!y,since Ch ist the -ea! gi.es life to his mem&e s &y his own /pi it' s is clea in 0aul s te*ts, he
https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn75%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn75https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn76%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn76https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn77%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn77https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn77%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn77https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn78%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn78https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn79%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn79https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn80%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn80https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn81%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn81https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn82%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn82https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn83%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn83https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn84%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn84https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn75%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn75https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn76%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn76https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn77%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn77https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn78%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn78https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn79%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn79https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn80%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn80https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn81%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn81https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn82%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn82https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn83%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn83https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn84%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn84


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unites the mem&e s of the &o!y &y spi itual &on!s an! ligaments' 9oing on f om this, we fin! that

-oly /c iptu e also teaches that the suffe ings an! !ee!s of Ch ist s li.ing mem&e s a e the

suffe ings an! !ee!s of Ch ist the -ea!' Ch ist himself gi.es e.i!ence conce ning the suffe ings

in cts G> "F@, :/aul, /aul, why a e you pe secuting meI; =ut /aul was pe secuting his mem&e s'

n 9alatians ">M3 1F, g'@ 0aul emin!s the 9alatians that Ch ist ha! &een c ucifie! in them, no!ou&t efe ing to the suffe ings they ha! un!e gone fo Ch ist' Conce ning actions, 0aul sai! in 2

Co inthians 13> 3F@, :6o you !esi e p oof of him who speaks in me, that is, Ch istI; -e sai! in an

all em& acing manne in 9alatians 2> 2KF@, : li.e, now not , &ut Ch ist li.es in me'; -ence can

most t uly say, : me it, now not , &ut Ch ist me its in meE fast, now not , &ut Ch ist fasts in

me,; an! so on, a&out the othe .olunta y actions ca ie! out fo 9o! &y Ch ist s li.ing mem&e s'

n this way the me it of ete nal life is not so much att i&ute! to ou wo ks as to the wo ks of Ch istthe -ea! in us an! th ough us'

Conse uently we !isce n a !iffe ence &etween the me it of ete nal life &y &apti+e! infants an! &y a!ults a!.ancing in 9o! s g ace' Bte nal life is !ue the infants solely &y the me it Ch ist gaine!as he li.e!, suffe e!, an! !ie! in this mo tal life' =ut to a!ults p og essing in g ace ete nal life is!ue in a twofol! manne , fi st &y ight of the me it Ch ist gaine! in his own pe son an! then &y

ight of the me it of Ch ist wo king me ito iously as the hea! in an! th ough this a!ult pe son' t isapp op iate to the !i.ine munificence to g ant the me it of ete nal life in &oth manne s to a!ultswho a e 9o! s sons an! !aughte s' s we ea! in Romans $ > 2G F@, :-e p e!estine! them to &e

confo me! to the image of his son'; hose howe.e a e mo e confo me! to Ch ist who ha.e me it of ete nal life in &oth manne s athe than only in the fi st' Ch ist s own glo y was !ue him &y a

twofol! ight' 4i st it was his &y ight of the g ace of pe sonal union &y which the 13 F@ he !esc i&e! the pu&licanas p aying, :9o!, &e me ciful to me a sinne '; he e&y he o&taine! me cy' 7oel witnesses to the
https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn85%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn85https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn86%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn86https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn87%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn87https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn88%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn88https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn89%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn89https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn90%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn90https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn91%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn91https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn92%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn92https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn85%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn85https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn86%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn86https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn87%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn87https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn88%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn88https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn89%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn89https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn90%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn90https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn91%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn91https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1drfs3rvfvz6u/#1261b9a8397bf36b__ftn92%231261b9a8397bf36b__ftn92


10/14

.alue of fasting when he speaks in 9o! s stea!, : u n to me with all you hea t, in fasting,

weeping an! lament; >2 12 F@' he ema k follows >2 1"F@, :B+ek' 1$ 25%2$ F@

his te*t in!icates that the justice of 9o! s ways consists in this, that just as the tu ning of a

ighteous pe son f om ighteousness to sinful !ee!s lea!s to the !eath of the soul, so thecon.e sion of a sinne to goo! !ee!s lea!s to life fo his soul' t was e.eale! to the p ophet that

the con.e sion of a sinne with ega ! to wo ks (that is, f om e.il wo ks to goo! wo ks fo 9o! s

sake) is so pleasing to 9o! that he no longe consi!e s all his p e.ious sins' his is the same as

g anting fo gi.eness of sins an! the life of g ace'

9o! e.eale! a yet g eate powe of impet ation in wo ks of this kin! &y men caught in sin in

a passage of saiah :


11/14

pe fo me!, whethe in mo tal sin o in the state of g ace' lso one must !istinguish conce ningsatisfaction fo sins &etween guilt an! punishment'


12/14

&y his own natu e sees himself' =ut 9o! can &y g ace g ant a sha e in the .ision of 9o!, an! thishe !oes to all the &lesse!' n the p esent case me it of ete nal life is p ope to Ch ist, when this isun!e stoo! as me it &y one s own powe ' =ut this can &e g ante! to his li.ing mem&e s, not thatthey me it &y thei own powe , &ut that they me it &y the powe of Ch ist the -ea!' he same

thing can &e un!e stoo! conce ning satisfaction'he e is no nee! to espon! conce ning the fo gi.eness of sins, since we al ea!y sai! that this

is not g ante! to Ch ist s li.ing mem&e s, &ecause thei goo! wo ks p esuppose that thei sins ha.e

&een fo gi.en' Do one me its that which he al ea!y has' 8e it is gaine! conce ning something not

ha!' 4o this eason Ch ist appo tions to his mem&e s the me it of an inc ease in g ace an! ofhea.enly &eatitu!e' -e !oes not appo tion to them me it of fo gi.eness of sins' Bte nal &eatitu!eis something lacking to Ch ist s mem&e s in this life, while they !o ha.e fo gi.eness of sins &y the

.e y fact of &ecoming mem&e s of Ch ist' Do one me its what he has &ut what he hopes to attain'

his makes it clea that ou me its an! satisfactions in no way !et act f om the me it an!satisfaction of Ch ist, &ut athe that the g ace of me it an! satisfaction Ch ist gaine! in his own

pe son is e*ten!e! to himself as -ea! wo king in an! th ough his mem&e s'

ll the te*ts cite! as showing that we !o not &y ou wo ks me it the fo gi.eness of sinse ui e no answe , since we ag ee with this conclusion' =ut we must espon! to the te*ts cite! to

p o.e that we !o not me it ete nal life &y ou wo ks' o the te*t of the apostle f om Romans, : hegift of 9o! is ete nal life; ># 23 F@, we answe that we in!ee! say an! teach this, since it is &y

9o! s gift of sanctifying g ace that we a e mem&e s of Ch ist, an! &y the powe in us of Ch ist the-ea! that we me it ete nal life'


13/14

the me it of Ch ist' =ecause of this, the fasting, p aye s, alms, an! othe ighteous wo ks ofsinne s a e &eneficial, not fo me iting, no fo satisfying, &ut fo impet ating fo gi.eness of thei

sins'

his, &elie.e will suffice to e*plain these uestions a&out faith an! wo ks' 8ay it & ing

glo y to almighty 9o! an! consolation to the !e.out' Rome, May 13, 1532

justification &eing !eeme! ighteous o whole &y 9o!E &eing put in eight elationship with 9o!

sac ament a itualistic means of g aceE in Roman Catholicism, the e a e se.enE in Luthe anism

only two &aptism an! eucha ist

justifie! &eing !eeme! ighteous o whole &y 9o!E &eing put in eight elationship with 9o!

inte cession p aye o e uest to 9o! on someone else s &ehalf

apostle going &ack to the time of the ea liest followe s chosen &y 7esus to p each the gospel

gospel the Ch istian message o :goo! news;E an ea ly account of the life of 7esus

F3? -e sai! to him, : Jou shall lo.e the Lo ! you 9o! with all you hea t, an! with all you soul,

an! with all you min!'

8atthew 22 3? (DR/ )

F1 Dow faith is the assu ance of things hope! fo , the con.iction of things not seen'

-e& ews 11 1 (DR/ )

su&stance the essence of a thing

F13

n! now faith, hope, an! lo.e a&i!e, these th eeE an! the g eatest of these is lo.e'1 Co inthians 13 13 (DR/ )

F$ 4o &y g ace you ha.e &een sa.e! th ough faith, an! this is not you own !oingE it is the gift of

9o!A

Bphesians 2 $ (DR/ )

me it wo thy of !i.ine fa.o , ewa ! o et i&utionE

g ace the life of 9o! in humansE !i.ine fa.o o helpE unme ite! help of 9o! to humans

F5 one Lo !, one faith, one &aptism,

Bphesians " 5 (DR/ )

F1 he efo e, since we a e justifie! &y faith, we ha.e peace with 9o! th ough ou Lo ! 7esus

Ch ist,

Romans 5 1 (DR/ )

FG an! in cleansing thei hea ts &y faith he has ma!e no !istinction &etween them an! us'

cts 15 G (DR/ )

passion the suffe ing an! !eath of 7esus

F13 he Lo ! also thun!e e! in the hea.ens, an! the 8ost -igh utte e! his .oice'
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0salm 1$ 13 (DR/ )

F1"

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