CAESAR AUGUSTUS AND IMPERIAL ROMEWeek Five

ance/ence = state or quality of

What suffix finishes these words?

eleg____ radi____ persever_____

ped = foot

pedestrian pedicure pedal

CAESAR AUGUSTUS AND IMPERIAL ROMEWeek Five

I. The Altar of Augustan Peace In 27 BCE, the Senate decreed that Augustus be honored

by the construction of an altar to Pax, the new goddess of peace.

Pax Romana or Pacification Romana?

II. The Price of Empire, 146-121A. Winners

Optimates: members of the traditional Roman oligarchy

Equites: the nouveau riche

Tax collectorsB. Losers

Slaves Provincials

Spartacus (1960)

“I am Spartacus”

“I am Spartacus,” Part II

II. The Price of EmpireC. Populares

Political leaders who appealed to the masses

1. Tiberius Gracchus Redistributed land Undermined the Senate Assassinated by

senators2. Gaius Gracchus

Younger brother who reintroduced reforms

Extended citizenship Also assassinated

III. The End of the RepublicA. Personal armies

Shifting allegiancesB. Civil Wars

Populares (led by Marius) revolt against optimates (led by Sulla)

Optimates under Sulla win

Dictatorship gives way to republican rule after Sulla wearies of butchery, but tensions remain Sulla entering Rome

III. The End of the RepublicC. The First

Triumvirate Political infighting

leads to an alliance between Pompey, Crassus, and Julius Caesar

Alliance doesn’t hold—Caesar crosses the Rubicon, which initiates a bloody civil war

Crossing the Rubicon

mater = mother

mother alma mater matrimony

manu = hand

manual labormanuscript

manufacture

Exam next Monday Bring a blue book 25% of final grade Format

5 identifications (who, what, where, when, and significance)

One essay Sample themes

Conceptions of freedom in the ancient world

Battle of Marathon The Battle of Marathon took place in the fifth

century BCE in ancient Greece. A vast Persian army threatened Sparta, Athens, Corinth, and other Greek poleis. The Greeks, underarmed and outnumbered, defeated the Persians at Marathon. This battle was significant because it convinced Athenians of the invincibility of their fighting strategy (the hoplite phalanx), the superiority of their culture, and the efficiency of democratic government as instituted by Cleisthenes.

The Career of Julius Caesar

III. The End of the RepublicD. The Second

Triumvirate Julius Caesar introduces

democratic reform, but then declares himself perpetual dictator

Assassination on the Ides of March

Second alliance between Mark Antony, Ledipus, and Octavian

Octavian emergesOctavian

Julius Caesar (1953)

IV. The Augustan Age and Pax Romana

A. Caesar Augustus An unexpected

leader Rise to power:

instinct for power and publicity; determination; and had the right name

Absolute rule: Granted by the Senate in 27 BCE; any remnant of republican rule was a sham

IV. The Augustan Age and Pax Romana

B. The Empire Renewed1. Senate

Subordinated to Caesar’s interests

“Men fit for slaves!”2. Equites

Expanded ranks of wealth businessmen

More room for upward mobility

3. Citizens Treated veterans well Placated the poor with

food and entertainment

Ben-Hur chariot race

IV. The Augustan Age and Pax Romana

4. Divine Augustus Restoration of religion and

traditional values Emperor worship

5. Poetry and patronage Horace and Virgil The Aeneid (19 BCE)

6. Geographical expansion From Europe to Africa to

Judea

Aeneas’ journey

hydro/aqua = water

hydroplane hydroelectric aquarium

cur = run

curriculum

cursive

current

Dido and Aeneas (early 1700s)

B. After Augustus Death

“Have I played the part well? Then applaud as I exit.”

“Behold, I found Rome of clay, and leave her to you as marble.”

Succession Tiberius Caligula Claudius Nero

Expansion of boundaries

Tile mosaic of Christian persecution under Nero

The Roman Empire to 117 C.E.

Epilogue Augustan peace vs. the peace of

Christ