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CadastralStrategicPlan-April2017Page1
ThemeStrategicPlanfor
CadastralTheme
BureauofLandManagement-CadastralSurvey
FederalGeographicDataCommittee(FGDC)
2017–2021
April2017
CadastralStrategicPlan-April2017Page1
Cadastral(Cadastre)ThemeFY2017ImplementationPlanReport
ThemePersonnelThemeLead(Co-Leads): Don Buhler and Robert AderThemeLeadAgency(ies): Bureau of Land Management (BLM) - Cadastral
Survey/GeosciencesExecutiveThemeChampion(s): Tod Dabolt
ExecutiveChampionAgency(ies): Department of Interior CadastralThemeNGDADatasets NGDAAgencyU.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineersCivilWorkLandData DOD-USACEBIAIndianLandsDataset(IndianLandsoftheUnitedStates) DOI-BIAPublicLandSurveySystem(PLSS)DatasetCatalog DOI-BLMDepartmentofDefenseLandParcelsandSites DOD-AT&LBLMNationalSurfaceManagementAgency:AreaPolygons,WithdrawalAreaPolygons,andSpecialPublicPurposeWithdrawalAreaPolygons DOI-BLMFSNationalForestDataset(USForestServiceProclaimedForests) USDA-USFSFWSInterest DOI-FWSNPSNationalParksDataset DOI-NPSOuterContinentalShelfActiveRenewableEnergyLeases DOI-BOEMOuterContinentalShelfBlockAliquots DOI-BOEMOuterContinentalShelfLeaseBlocks-AlaskaRegionNAD83 DOI-BOEMOuterContinentalShelfLeaseBlocks-AtlanticRegionNAD83 DOI-BOEMOuterContinentalShelfLeaseBlocks-GulfofMexicoRegionNAD27 DOI-BOEMOuterContinentalShelfLeaseBlocks-PacificRegion-WestCoastNAD83 DOI-BOEMOuterContinentalShelfOfficialProtractionDiagrams-AlaskaRegionNAD83 DOI-BOEMOuterContinentalShelfOfficialProtractionDiagrams-AtlanticRegionNAD83 DOI-BOEMOuterContinentalShelfOfficialProtractionDiagramsAndLeaseMaps-GulfOfMexicoRegionNAD27 DOI-BOEMOuterContinentalShelfOfficialProtractionDiagrams-PacificRegion-WestCoastNAD83 DOI-BOEMProtectedAreasDatabaseoftheUnitedStates(PAD-US) DOI-USGSNon-FederalPublicLands-acknowledgedbutnotreportedinthisplan States,RegionalAgencies,and
LocalgovernmentsPrivatelyownedlands-acknowledgedbutnotreportedinthisplan Localrealestatetaxauthorities
StrategicThemePlan:http://nationalcad.org/download/StrategicPlanCadastral-Submitted.pdf
CadastralStrategicPlan-April2017Page2
Thisplandoesnotintendtoduplicatetheexistingandongoingagencymission,goals,andworkplans.Manyagencieshavecadastralandlandrelatedactivitiesaspartoftheirnormalcourseofbusiness.Becausethecadastraldataaremaintainedacrossmanylandmanagementagencies,thedatasetsthatindividualagenciesmaintainfortheirbusinessoperationsareidentifiedbyagencyinGoal4.TheoffshorecadastraldatasetsobjectivesandactionsarelistedinGoal3.Thisplanhas6goals.
Goal1:CadastralReference-IncludingthePubicLandSurveySystem(PLSS)andOthersGoal2:PublicLandsSurfaceAgencyManagementGoal3:FederalSubsurfaceManagementAreas-IncludingoffshoreandcontinentalGoal4:LandManagementAgencyCoordination-FederalLandManagementAgencyCadastralCoordinationGoal5:ParcelData-IncludingFederalRightsandInterestsandcoordinationofnon-federaldatasetsGoal6:Coordination-AcrossThemesandLevelsofGovernmentandthePrivateSector
CadastralStrategicPlan-April2017Page3
Goal1:CadastralReference-IncludingthePubicLandSurveySystem(PLSS)andOthersIdentifystateandfederaldatastewardsforCadastralReference,coordinateandsupporttheeffectivecollectionandmaintenanceoftheCadastralReferenceNationalGeospatialDataAsset(NGDA)Datasets,facilitatesharinganddataavailabilitysocializationoftheCadastralReferencedatasets,andprovideoutreachandcommunicationmechanismsfordatastewards.
Objective1.1CompletePLSSDataStewardProgram
AcommercialofftheshelfsoftwarepackagehasbeenselectedforPLSSmaintenanceandpublication.Thisobjectiveistocompletetheidentificationofdatastewards(s)forall30PLSSstatesincludingedgematchingatstateboundaries,publicationschedule,sharedcustodianship,ifneeded,andfeedbackandsocialization.AnticipatedOutcomes.MaintainedPLSSdatasetsforall30publicdomainstates,updatedatleastannualasneeded,establishingasingleauthoritativePLSSdatasetforeachstate.
Action1.1.1ContinuousupdateofPLSSdatasets(BLMCadastralSurvey)Action1.1.2PublishupdatesofPLSSdatatoNGDAservices
Objective1.2Completenon-PLSSCadastralReferenceDataSetDefinitions
UsingthesamecommercialpackageasthePLSS,develop,review,andadoptacadastralreferencesystemforeachofthe20non-PLSSstates.AnticipatedOutcomes.Define,review,andadoptacadastralreferencesystemforeachofthe20non-PLSSstates.Maintainablepublishedcadastralreferencedatasetforeachofthe20non-PLSSstateswithdatadocumentation.Thisisnotafundedactivitythereforeestablishingmilestonesandprojectedcompletionisnotfeasible.Volunteercontributionsfromnon-federalstakeholdersandtheprivatesectorarebeingadvancedvoluntarily.
Action1.2.1Establishanon-PLSScadastralreferencecommunityAction1.2.2Developandsocializedraftnon-PLSScadastraldatasettogatherinputfromnon-PLSSdatastewards.Action1.2.3Finalizenon-PLSScadastralreferencedatasetwithdocumentationandpublishtonationalcad.org
Goal2:PublicLandsSurfaceAgencyManagementCoordinatewiththeUSGeologicalSurvey(USGS)indevelopingtheProtectedAreasDatabaseoftheUS(PAD-US),arepresentationoffederallyownedlandsandmanagementdesignations.ProvideBLMmanagedsurfacelandsupdatestoPAD-US,whilecontinuingtodevelopthelandtitleandlandrecordsbaseddatasetfortheSurfaceManagementAgency(SMA),supportthepublicationofPAD-USdatabaseanddatasetstoNGDAservices,facilitatesharinganddataavailabilitysocializationoftheSMAandPAD-USinformation,andprovideoutreachandcommunicationmechanismsfordatastewards.
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Objective2.1StandardizeBLMSubmissionstothePAD-US
PAD-USisworkingwithallfederallandagenciesaswellasstateandnon-governmentalagencydatastewards(TrustforPublicLands,DucksUnlimited,TheNatureConservancy,etc.)tocompileanannualrepresentationofpublicopenspaceandotherprotectedareas.
AnticipatedOutcomes.AnautomatedandconsistentworkflowanddatasubmissionforPAD-USupdatesonanannualbasisfromBLMNationalOperationsCenter(NOC).
Action2.1.1:DocumentdatasubmissionrequirementsforBLMStateOfficesAction2.1.2:ReviewcurrentBLMlandmanagement(SMA)datasets,updateandmaintenanceandsubmissionprocedures.IdentifyaBLMleadofficeforcoordinationandsubmissions.
Objective2.2Complete,maintain,anddistributetheauthoritativePAD-US.TheUSGeologicalSurvey(USGS)GapAnalysisProgramistheleadforthisdatasetandthisobjective.Anticipatedoutcomesrequiretheprovisionofadditionalresourcesthroughpartnershipsand/ornewinvestment.ThisobjectiveisdirectlyrelatedtoandcoordinatedwiththeGovernmentalUnitsStrategicPlan-Objective3.3-TheFederalLandsSubgroup(FLS)developsadatastandardandtheorganizationalstrategiesforfederallymanagedlands.Actionitemsidentifiedherereflectthecadastralcomponentofthismulti-agencydataset.
AnticipatedOutcomes.Acompleteinventoryofallpublicopenspaceandotherprotectedareasavailableby2020tosupportconservation,recreationandpublichealthassessments,planning,research,policyandmanagement.
Action2.2.1Federaldata:(3.3.3fromBWGPlan)Aggregatefederallandownershipandmanagementdesignationsfromauthoritativesourcestomeetcommonagencyneeds,anddelivertoUSGSforpublicationofPAD-USinamultiplefeatureclassstructuretobettermanageoverlaps.Action2.2.2Agencynamedatabase:(3.3.4fromBWGPlan)Evaluatefederalnamingstandardstoimprovethefederaltheme.Action2.2.3BoundaryReconciliation(3.3.5fromBWGPlan)Completeboundaryadjudicationeffortwithallapplicablesourcesandagenciestoreducetopologyerrors(overlapsandgaps)betweenagencydatasets.
Goal3:FederalSubsurfaceManagementAreas-Includingoffshoreandcontinental
Therearetwofederalagenciesresponsibleforfederalsubsurfacerightsmanagement,theBLMoncontinentallandsandBureauofOceanandEnergyManagement(BOEM)foroffshorelands.DevelopaneffectiveaggregationandpublicationofBLMsubsurfacerecordsandcoordinatewithBOEMoffshoresubsurfacerecords,facilitatesharinganddataavailabilitysocializationoftheSubsurfaceManagementAreasdatasets,andestablishongoingcoordinationmechanisms.
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Objective3.1Developanonshore(continental)nationwidefederalsubsurfacerightsdatasetEstablishthestandardsofachievementintermsofaproportionateimprovementintheexistingcondition.Objectivesshouldbespecific,measurable,audience-orissue-directed,realistic,andtime-bound.
AnticipatedOutcomes.Anationwidedatasetthatdelineateslandswherethereisafederalinterestinthemineralsorothersubsurfacecontinentaloronshoreresources.
Action3.1.1:Developacoreoressentialdatasetcontentforsubsurfacerights.Action3.1.2:Developpilotdatasetsforeastern(non-PLSS)andwestern(PLSS)andAlaskadatasetsanddistributeforreviewandfeedbackAction3.1.3:Developstrategicplanandidentifiedrequirementstocompletenationwidesubsurfacedataset
Objective3.2DevelopanoffshorenationwidefederalsubsurfacerightsdatasetforpublishingandaccessthroughtheNGDAservices.ThiseffortistheresponsibilityofBOEM.ThefollowingaretheNGDAdatasetsandactivities.
AnticipatedOutcomes.Anationwidedatasetthatdelineateslandswherethereisafederalinterestinthemineralsorothersubsurfaceoffshoreresources
Action3.2.1:ImportNAD27OuterContinentalShelf(OCS)LeaseBlocksfortheGulfofMexicoRegionintogeodatabasesandpublish.Action3.2.2:GenerateandpublishWGS84OCSLeaseBlocksandOfficialProtractionDiagramsoftheprincipalislandsofHawaii.Action3.2.3:UpdateOfficialProtractionDiagramstoreflectthe200nauticalmileboundary(ExclusiveEconomicZoneboundary).Action3.2.4:GenerateandpublishWGS84OCSLeasesBlocksandOfficialProtractionDiagramsofGuamandtheNorthernMarianaIslands.Action3.2.5:GenerateandpublishNAD83OfficialProtractionDiagramsofPuertoRicoandtheU.S.VirginIslands.Action3.2.6:GenerateNAD83OCSLeaseBlocksforExtendedContinentalShelfareas.
Goal4:LandManagementAgencyCoordination
Providecoordinationwithotherlandmanagementagenciesandsupportcollection,maintenance,standardization,access,andpublicationwithinthescopeandresponsibilitiesofA-16.Theobjectivesandactionitemsareidentifiedandaretheresponsibilityoftheleadagencylistedintheobjective.
AnticipatedOutcomes.Coordinationwithotherfederalandtriballandmanagementagencytosupportstandardizationandaccesstopublisheddatasets.ThisgoalisNOTintendedtointerferewithanyagenciesinternalprogramsandmissions.Thisgoalaimedat
CadastralStrategicPlan-April2017Page6
providingadviceonpossiblemaintenancesolutionsthathavebeensuccessful,providingguidanceondatacontentsandstandardizationforpublishedorpublicdatathatcanbesharedbeyondtheinternalagency,andsupportingverticalintegration(commonpointsofcontrol)acrossandbetweenagencycommonboundaries.
Objective4.1NationalParkService(NPS)NPSiscommittedtoprovidingregularupdatestothebestavailablegeospatialdatarepresentingboththelegislativeboundaryandparcelownershipinformationforallparksystemareas.NPSwillcontinueeffortstoimprovethemaintenanceandstandardizationofthisauthoritativedatainsupportofeffortsliketheProtectedAreasDatabasefortheUS(PAD-US)and,overtimethelandtitlebasedSMA.NPSwillcontinuetoactivelyparticipateininter-agencygroupswhosegoalistoimprovecommunicationandcoordinationofmulti-agencycadastraldata.
Action4.1.1:NPSwillcontinuetopublishanationalsetofNGDAboundariesonGeoplatform.govalongwithadatacollectionrecordcontaininglinkstoownershipdatalayersandparkspecificmetadataforeachindividualNPSunit.Action4.1.2:NPSwillcontinuetoprovideparkspecificdownloadsoflegislativeboundaries,primaryownershipdata,andparkspecificmetadataontheNPSdataclearinghouse,(IRMA).(https://irma.nps.gov/Portal)Action4.1.3:NPSwillcontinuetoupdatethisNGDAdataquarterlyaswellasprovidenotificationtotheFederalgeospatialdatacommunitywheneverthedataisupdated.Action4.1.4:NPSwillcontinueworkwithFWSandUSGSGapAnalysisProgramtorefinePAD-UStranslationroutinesasnecessary.NPSwillworkwithFWStofinalizeanddistributedocumentationofthiseffortinordertoprovidepotentialguidancetootheragencies.Action4.1.5:NPSwillcontinuetobeanactiveparticipantininter-agencygroupsthatarededicatedtothesharingandstandardizationofcadastraldataliketheNBG,theFGDCCadastralSubcommittee,andtheFLS.
Objective4.2DepartmentofDefense(DoD)
Action4.2.1:USACEDevelopandmaintaintheboundarylimitsofArmyMilitaryLandTractsandCivilWorksLandData.DataareaccessibletoDODwithlimitedavailabilitytooutsideagenciesandorganizations.Action4.2.2:TheGeospatialInformationOfficer(GIO)forDoDEnergy,Installations,andEnvironmentcoordinatesaDepartment-widelandparcelsubmissiontotheGeospatialPlatform(andsimilardatasourcessuchasPAD-US).TheGIOforDoDwillalsodevelopacoordinatedapproachforcontrollingsensitiveportionsofsuchparceldata.Action4.2.3:DoDwillcontinuetobeanactiveparticipantininter-agencygroupsthatarededicatedtothesharingandstandardizationofcadastraldataliketheNBG,theFGDCCadastralSubcommittee,andtheFLS.
Objective4.3ForestService(FS)
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Action4.3.1:ContinuetoprovideupdatestoFSmanagedlandstoPAD-US,forcitizenaccessonwebsites,andotheragenciesorrequesters.Action4.3.2:ContinuetomaintaintheFSLandStatusRecordSystem(LSRS)datasets.Action4.3.3:FSwillcontinuetobeanactiveparticipantininter-agencygroupsthatarededicatedtothesharingandstandardizationofcadastraldataliketheNBG,theFGDCCadastralSubcommittee,andtheFLS.Action4.3.4:ExploreregisteringtheFSLSRStoPLSSCadNSDIonacontinuingbasis
Objective4.4FishandWildlifeService(FWS)
Action4.4.1:ContinuetoprovideupdatestoFWSmanagedlandstoPAD-US,forcitizenaccessonwebsites,andotheragenciesorrequesters.Action4.4.2:ContinuetomaintaintheFWSlandsdatasets.Action4.4.3:FWSwillcontinuetobeanactiveparticipantininter-agencygroupsthatarededicatedtothesharingandstandardizationofcadastraldataliketheNBG,theFGDCCadastralSubcommittee,andtheFLS.
Objective4.5BureauofIndianAffairs(BIA)TheLandBuy-BackProgramforTribalNationsimplementsthelandconsolidationcomponentoftheCobellSettlement,signedintolawbyPresidentBarackObamathroughtheClaimsResolutionActof2010.TheSettlementprovides$1.9billiontopurchasefractionalinterestsintrustorrestrictedlandfromwillingsellersatfairmarketvalue.Consolidatedinterestsareimmediatelyrestoredtotribaltrustownershipforusesbenefitingthereservationcommunityandtribalmembers.Thereareapproximately245,000ownersofnearlythreemillionfractionalinterestsacrossIndianCountrywhoareeligibletoparticipateintheBuy-BackProgram.TheProgramiscurrentlyplanningtocontinuethepurchaseoffractionatedinterestsuntiltheendof2022;howeverSecretaryJewellisinterestedinexploringoptionsforextendingthetimeframeoftheProgram.Inadditiontoconsolidatingfractionatedinterest,theProgramhasdesignatedupto$60millionfortheCobellEducationScholarshipFund.
Action4.5.1:BIAMappingProjects-TheBLMwillcontinueexecutingthemappingprojectfortheBuyBackProgrambyprovidingthetechnicalrequirements,products,andservicesformappingtheparcels.TheinformationneededtocomplimentthemappingisprovidedbytheBIATrustAccountingandManagementSystem(TAAMS).AlthoughtheparceldataissuppliedbytheBIA,theBLMisprovidingthisservicebecauseoftheBLM’sexpertiseinprovidingsimilarmappingfunctionsforthePLSSandtheCadastralNationalSpatialDataInfrastructure(CadNSDI).Action4.5.2:BuyBackProgramSupport-TheBLMwillcontinuetoworkcollaborativelywiththeBuy-BackProgram,theOfficeofAppraisalServices(OAS),theDivisionofMineralsEvaluation(DME),andtheBIAtocoordinatetheflowofinformationandservices.
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Goal5:ParcelData-IncludingFederalRightsandInterestsandcoordinationofnon-federaldatasetsFederalagenciesdonothavetheauthoritytocollectormaintainparceldataonnon-federallymanagedlands.Fornon-federallandsfacilitateaninventoryofavailableparceldataandfacilitatestateaggregatedstandardizeddata.Forfederallymanagedlands(includingtriballandsandoffshore)coordinatewiththemanagingagencytoidentifyfederalrightsheldormanagedandfacilitatesharinganddataavailabilitysocializationofdatasets,andprovideoutreachandcommunicationmechanismsforfederallandmanagementagencies.
Objective5.1Completeaparceldatawebservicestandard
Webservicesprovideaccesstodatasetonarelativelycontinuousbasisandtypicallyoriginatefromthedataproducers.Theseservicescanbedefinedasatemplatethatincludestheexpecteddataelements,securityorloginrequirements,anddatadownloadorretrievallimits.Webservicescanbeusedtoprovideauthoritativedatafromlocaldataproducerstomapservices.AnticipatedOutcomes.Adefinitionandtemplateforparcelwebservicesthatcouldbedeployedbydataproducers(localgovernments)ordataaggregators(stategovernments).
Action5.1.1Formaworkinggrouptorefineandscopethiseffort.Action5.2.2DevelopadraftstandardforreviewbydataproducersandcommercialprovidersAction5.2.3Publishaparcelwebservicesstandard
Goal6:Coordination
Cadastraldatabyitsnatureisusedbymanyotherthemesandalsoconsumesdatafromotherthemes.Wehaveidentifiedseveralcoordinationagenciesandthemesandwillcontinuetoworkwiththeseotherthemestoensureconsistentstandardization,verticalalignment,andappropriatecurrency.
Objective6.1Inputs-Identifythemesthatcollectdatathataffectcadastraldata
AnticipatedOutcomes.Continuousimprovementandupdateofcadastraldatathemesandverticalintegrationwithotherthemes.
Action6.1.1:IdentifyUpdatestoInternationalboundariesandincorporatechangesinPLSSandcadastraldata(InternationalBoundaryCommissions)Action6.1.2:Defineandpilottheaccommodationofnon-PLSSboundariesthatmayormaynotbesurveyedbutareneededtomapparcelswithfederalinterestsandmayormaynothavecoincidentboundarieswithfederalauthoritysurveys(e.g.,boundariesthatreferenceculturalorphysicalfeatures).
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Objective6.2Outreach-IdentifyandestablishconnectionswithDataStewardsandknownandnewdatausers.
AnticipatedOutcomes.Providedataupdatestodatausers,trackhowthedataareused,identifyfeedbackfromusers,andprovideupdates.
Action6.2.1:-CoordinateandworkwiththeGovernmentUnitsStrategicPlanObjective3.1Action3.1.4andAction3.1.5-Collaborationonidentifyingcadastralandboundarycoincidence.Action6.2.2:Provideaccesstoupdateddatasetsonaneasilyaccessiblewebsite.Socializetheavailabilityofupdatesthroughsocialmediaoutletsanddirectemailing.Action6.2.3:Identifystateleveldatastewardsandtheirneedsandcapacitytosupportupdates.
Objective6.3CommunicationandEducation-establishcommunicationmechanismsanddevelopeducationalmaterialsrelatedtocadastraldatathemes
AnticipatedOutcomes.Ongoingcommunicationandeducationalmaterialssupporttheestablishmentofauthoritativedataandreduceduplicationofeffort.
Action6.3.1:ContinuetomaintainthePLSSeditingGeonetforumincludingrespondingtoquestionsandpostingupdates(BLMCadastralSurvey)Action6.3.2:ContinuetomaintaintheCadNSDITwitteraccountbypostingupdates(BLMCadastralSurvey)Action6.3.3:Continuetodevelopandpostvideosanddocumentationrelatedtocadastraldatacontent,standards,maintenance,andstewardship.(BLMCadastralSurvey)
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ExternalFactors,Challenges,andOpportunitiesWhatimportanttrendscouldinfluencethestrategicplansimplementation-technology,standards,committees,management,workforce,initiatives,policy/legalissues,etc.?Whatchallengesexist?WhatopportunitiesexisttosupporttheTheme’sgoals?
ThecadastraldatathemehasmanyexternalfactorsandchallengesthatareuniqueamongNGDAdatasetsandthemes.Forcadastralreferencedatasomeoftheseexternalfactorsareasfollows.
• In the Public Land Survey System (PLSS) states the cadastral reference is typically the rectangular PLSS features, although every state has non-rectangular areas such as land grants. Other than Oklahoma, where the initial aggregation and collection is not complete, and Louisiana, which is complicated with extensive French claims and lots in the southern third of the state, the remaining 28 states have at least a rudimentary PLSS data set in a standardized form.
o There are often many jurisdictions contributing updated information on PLSS corner locations and surveys. These updates need to be coordinated to provide an authoritative and current PLSS data set.
o Statewide PLSS data sets are big data sets, approaching 1 gigabyte per state as a zipped file. These are even bigger files when expressed in a maintainable format or in a published feature format.
o PLSS corner locations are linked to geodetic control and there is a need to have companion data sets with geodetic control that can be linked to the correct PLSS corners
• In the non-PLSS states (20) the land description cadastral reference framework is typically survey-by-survey or parcel-by-parcel. For classification and viewing the reference frameworks are defined by civil division (county, city, town, etc.) and then further divided to subdivisions, condominiums, or tracts. These frameworks provide context and setting for the land description, even if they are not the survey framework found in the PLSS states.
Forparceldatasomeoftheseexternalfactorsareasfollows.
• In the U.S. approximately 7,000 separate data producers manage cadastral data. These range in size from New England towns, to counties, to cities, to individual federal land management agencies, and tribes.
• The BLM is neither authorized nor budgetary equipped to manage or direct activities on non-federally managed lands or lands that have another federal agency authorized to manage it, including tribal interest lands.
• The primary parcel data set maintained by local and state agencies is the tax parcel. Tax parcel format, rules, and standards are established by each state. Therefore, aggregating tax parcel data to the state level is a reasonable approach.
• Parcel data changes fairly rapidly. Empirical evidence suggests that between 5 and 15 percent of parcels in any jurisdiction will change hands in any year, averaging about 7 percent nationally. New tax parcels are added at a rate between 3 and 7 percent year depending on the economy, population change, and other growth or decline factors.
• Tax parcel data collection, maintenance, and access are often controlled by local assessors, which are elected officials in many jurisdictions. Local data fees, privacy limitations, or other local data ownership or access policies may limit access to locally produced data.
The opportunities for published, maintained, current cadastral data are numerous. There are applications for cadastral data in nearly every branch of government and in a multitude of applications. The questions
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for cadastral data have never been how would it be used? The question has always been how do we get it, what attributes does it have, and how current is it? Therealopportunityforcadastraldataistoprovideasetofwebservicesthatsourcedatadirectlyfromauthoritativeproducersthatcanbeconsumedonanasneededbasisbythedatausers.Becausecadastraldatachangesfrequently,stockpilingorbuildingadatawarehouseofparcelorcadastraldataislessofanopportunitythanwebbasedservices.Thereareimpedimentstouniversalwebservicesincludinglocaldataproducerresourcerequirements,localincomefromdatasales,technicalresourcestosupportwebservices,andlimitationsonsourcebroadbandcapacity