CAD and Development 1 - Part 1

8/10/2019 CAD and Development 1 - Part 1

1/93

ynsHAR

I

UNIVERSITYF

WOLVERHAMPTON

i,

A"Jo^t

Feon

Lryah^m

Oalet

/


2/93

ModuleGuide

Module

Title:Computer

idedDesign nd Development

Module

Cod: ET1003

Pre-rquisites:

None

Co-requisites:

None

Semester/Acadmic

ear

Semestor1 2005/06

Credit alue:

Level f study:

Moduls

eader:

30

1

Dr AnthonyFelton

Room: Jl*'tE-

AAI

\ots

Phone:

Fax:

E.mail: [email protected]

lnternalModrator: Graham akes

1 Rationale

.

J.;

;,r,

The

principal

im

of thismodule

s

o

.

Introducehe axonomy

f design.

.

Establish

he basic

rinciples

f designmethodology.

.

Apply ystematic

pproaches

or

product

esign.

.

Establishhe basic

rinciples

f computer ided esignools.

.

Provide

xperiencef

product

esign t heconcept tage.

2 Learning

utcomes

Theassessed

earningutcomes

illbe:

Knowl.dg..nd

UndoGtandhg

1. The development

f

designsolutionshrough he use of

rigorous

designechniques

ndmethodologies.

@TheJniversitylWolverhamplon

Schoolof

Engineeringnd

he BuillEnvironment

School

ssessme^l

andbook


3/93

2. How

he useof appropriate

TCunderpinshe

design

rocess

ndhow

such tools

can be used

in the communication,nalysis nd data

exchange

f

product

efinitionata.

Subjoctspecific

Skills

3. Abilityo demonstratenowledgendunderstandingf essentialacts,

concepts,

rinciples

nd heorieselatingo design nd echnology

4. Demonstrate

proficiency

n the

production

nd representationf

design

modelshrough

heuseof

ITC

3

Weekly opic

guide:-

Taxonomy f

Design

.

l\4odelsf

Deslgn

.

Product ife cycle

from raw materialo

manufactured

roduct

hfough o recycling

anddisposal

DesignMethodology

.

Designn he

context f

product

eveopment integfated,oncurrentpproaches

.

DesignProcess

mode

-

from

problem

dentifcation nd needs analysis hrough

conceptualdesign

o detai l

esignormanufacture

.

DivergentConvergent

hinking

Systematic

pproaches

or Concept

esign

.

Needs dentification

nd requirements

pecificationeading o the ProductDesign

Specification

.

Primary

unctionstechnical

ndsemantc

.

l\,,lethodsor

genefating

deas

.

Synthesis

. Modell ingqualtativendq anti tatve

.

Evaluation

nd election

.

Communication

user centred

esign

.

Man-machineinteraction

.

Aesthetics

product

dentity, odernity,

uncUonality

.

Ergonomics

ndAnthropomekics

.

SemanUc

unctions

a^n^' rar-'i.la.l nA.idn

.

Product tructudng

ndconfiguration

.

3D solidmodelling

f

pa{s

-

design

y eatures,

arametric

epresentation

.

3D

solidmodelling

f assemblies

synthesis nddesign erification

.

Visualisation

ethodsnd

graphic

mageiles

. Linkingo Detailed esign ndN4anufacture2D drawings

.

Geomehic

ropert

s area,

olume mass, enheof

gravity,

adius f

gyration

tc.

4 Specialist

esources

School

provided)

CAD

aboratories

ithdigital

resentation

quipment.

3D solid

modelling AD

software nd

Graphical

resentation

oftware.

The industry

tandard oftware

n the CAD

aboratoriess supported y CD-

ROMs

ndweb-site

utorials.

ritish tandardsn ine

Learning

entre)

Partsand

component

ataloguesvailable

itheron-line t suppliers

eb-

sites r

on CD-RO|\,4.

oTheUnivecilv lwoLverhampton 3 af7

Schoolof

Enq.ee.ing nd

he BuillEnvnonment

School

ssessme.lHandbook


4/93

5

Specialist

Resources

Student

rovided

with cost ndicated)

Indicative

eading

nd

Learning upport

List

Ulrich,

arl

T.

-

Product

esign

nddevelopment

Karl

T Ulrich, tevenD

Eppinger.

2nd ed. -

Boston,

Mass.;London:

rwin/Mccraw-Hill,

000

-

0071'169938

Dietef,George

Ellwood.

Engineering

esign: materials

nd

processing

approach

George

E.

Dieter. 3rd

ed.

-

Boston,

Mass.];

ondon:

\ilccraw-

Hill,

000. 0071162046

Wright,

. C., an

Clifford.

Design

methodsn engineering

nd

product

esign

/

l. C.Wright.

London:

\4ccraw-Hill,

998.

0077093763

Sanders,

Mark

et al

-Human

Factors

n Engineering

nd Design

Mccraw-

Hilr,

1992.0-07

112826-3

Bridger, ,S. ntroductiono Ergonomics.\4cGraw-Hill,995, -07-007741-X

Chichester:

John

lMley, 1993.

-

(Wiley

professional

computing).

-

0471578134

Ashford,

rederick

harles.

Theaestheticsf

engineeringesign.

London:

Business

ooks,

969.

0220798559

Pugh,

Stuart.

Creating

nnovative

roducts

sing otal

design: he

living

leg;cy

of Stuart

Pugh.

Reading,

ass

Wokingham:ddison-Wesley'

996.

-

0201634856

e

Hawkes,

Barry.

The engineering

esign

process

Barry Hawkes,

-/'Abinett.

-

Harlow:

ongman

cientific

Technical,

984 0582994713

Ray

61,.

Teachins ndLearningMethods

TheSchool

f Engineering

nd

heBuil t

nvironment'seaching

nd earning

hilosophy

s o

develoo

he whole

student.e.

o

provide o

withcha

enging ctivities nd

assignmentshat

fequire

ou

o develop

nd

mprovek

Ls swell s

ncreasenowledge

ndunderstanding

f

contractual

nd inancial

rocedures

thin

a constructionontext

This

value-added

pproach

means

hat

you

need o be

provided

with the opportunity

o

develop kills

hrough

he nature

and design

of the case

study The

lecture

programme

s

design;d

o bridge

he

gap

befteen

your

cuffent nowledge,

nderstanding

nd evel

of skills

and hose

equired

y a manager

n

a

construction

nvLronment

Tutorials,

racticals

nd semnar

activity

will involve

you

in investgations,

resentations,

discussionsnd/or xercisesnset opics ndmay nvolveelt nd

peer

ssessment

This

approachsees

the

learning

needs as the

focus of the learning

activity

with the

understanding

hat

you

willneed o

takeon some

esponsibillty

or

your

own earning

8 Assessment

8.' l

Methods

and

Weightings:

@The niversilyf WolverhamPlon

School

f Erginee

ngand he

Bu l Envnonment

Schoo

AssessmeniHandbook


5/93

Bief description

oF assessmerf

nethads/weightingsand ninimum

gtude

rcquired for individual

elenents

ndconponents

orthismoclule.

'l

component,

which consists

of 2 elements;each elementmust be

passed

with a minimum

E4.To

pass

hemodule minimum

rade

f D5overal lmustbe obtained.

m

olnpo

Learning

Outcome

Assessment

asks

%

weighting

(unlversily

lask

Component

,Eienent1.

Design

project

-matket

needso concepl es

gn

5A%

Componen ,Elenenl2

Design

projecl

-markel

needs o concept

esign

500/"

Assess

entc

nents:

8.2

MarkingCriteria

Full

detailsof the

marking riteria

will be issued

o

you

as

part

of the

assignment

rief t the

start f themodule.

8.3 Submission

f Coursework

Theassignments

hould e

handedn at theCityStudent egistry

(MT

Block) nda receipt

btained.

8.4

Extensions

Extensions ill

onlybe allowed

n exceptionalircumstancesnd

you

must

havea

validcause

normally

overed,

or

example, y a

medical ertificate).

Applications

or

extensions

eed o be madeusing heAU33 ormobtainable

from the

City Student

Registry

MT

Block).Assignments ubmitted ate

withouta sanctioned

xtension

ill be markedF0.

lf

you

areunable

o submit

our

workby he deadline r within nyextension

granted;

r

if

you

consider

our performance

as been affected

y some

exceptional

circumstances

you

should consider applying

for

Extenuating/Mitigatingircumstances.n suchcases oushould onsult our

Personal

utor r a

Universityounsellor

or advice.

8.5 Return

f Coursework

The

pink

copyof the Student

ssessment

ormwill normally e returnedo

you

within

hreeworking

eeks.Student

work s not normallyeturned nd

you

areadvised

o keep

our

ownhard ndsoftcopyof any

work ubmitted.

8.6

Retrieval f

Failure

Regulations

overning

etrieval

f failure arydepending n

your

award, n

particular

ponwhether

ou

are studying

or a degree r a higher ational

OTheUniversityf WolverhamPlon

Schooof Engineerinq

nd heBuit

Environment

School ssessmenl

andbook


6/93

qualification.

lease efer o

your 'Award

Handbook'

r the University's

'Undergraduate

odular

chemeGuide'for tudents005.

9 Plagiar ism

ndCol lusion

Plagiarismnd

collusionreveryserious ffenceshatcan esultn expulsion

from the University.his is because hose oundguiltyof plagiarism r

collusion

ill not onlyhaveattemptedo

represent

omeone lse'sworkas

theirown but have

alsosought o

gain

an unfair dvantage

ver heir ellow

students.

9.1

Avoiding lagiar ismnd

Col lusion

1.

In the caseof

group

work

you

are

actively

ncouragedo work n a team.

Howeverhe sections

f the assignmenthat

you

answermust be

your

own ndividual

ork.

2. You shouldmake

t very clearwhat sources f information

ave been

used;where

material/informationrom hese ourcess

quoted

t must

be

clearlyeferenced

sing he Harvard eferencingystem.Details

an

be

obtained

romLearning entres

r on-line ia

he Learning entreHome

Page).

3. Never

ttempto copyor

paraphrase

nother tudent's ork.

10 AwardHandbook

ndAcademicRegulationsor Students 005/06

This module

guide

should

be read in conjunction ith

the terms and

conditions ontained

n

your

Award PathwayGuide'and the University's

'Undergraduate

odular cheme uide'for tudents 004.

11 Module

articipants

Module eader:

DrAnthony elton

Room:l\4A109c

Phone:

Fax:

E-mail: [email protected]

GrahamOakes

Room:lVlA109g

Phone:

Fax:

E-mail:

[email protected]

12 Registration

You are reminded

hat only studentswho have formally egistered s

participants

n a module illbeable o

gain

redits.

OTheUr veBiiyof WoverhamPton

Schoolof

Engneering nd he Built

Envnonment

School

ssessment andbook


7/93


8/93

T]NIVERSITY

OF WOLVERHAMPTON

SCHOOL

OF ENGINEERING

AND THE BUILT

ENVIRONMENT

DEPARTMENT

OF ARCHITECTURE

ND PRODUCT

DESIGN

MODULE

CM1OO4

OMPUTER

AIDED DESIGN

AND DEVELOPMENT 1

Component

, Element

,DESIGN

PROJECT Market

needso concept esign

Weighting:

0%

Hand n date:

Fri 9s Dec

2005

DESIGN

BRIEF

Design desklop

ideophone

For heprojecthe ollowingmust e ncludedr-

Section

A 50%

marks

l.

A comprehensive

llustrated

eport which addresses

he ollowing

points:

o

Information

obtained rom

your

research

(5

marks)

.

Preliminary esign'free

and'sketches

deas xploring

our

hinkingon

the

videophoneesign

ncluding nthropomet

csandErgonomics

(5 marks)

.

Full

ProductDesign

Specification

o BS7373.

(10

marks)

.

Final

chosen ssembly

fyour design

roduced

n 3D,

plus

a fully

dimensioned

rawingo B.S.8888,

singProEngineer

ildfire2, howing

individual

omponent

etails.

(25

malks)

.

Materials

election

ndPackaging

or marketing, ost

effectiveness,

product rotection nd ecycling.

(5

marks)

Section

B 50Yomarks

2. trull

sizecard based

or foam

modelof the videophone'

(50

marks)

NOTE: ngenuity

ndexploration

s

thekey o an nterestingolution

t hemodel

stage.

Your

eportshould

ehandednto

City Campus egistry.

our

prototype

hould

e

handed nto

the

prototypingTechnician tafl

RefrDr A J Felton,Mr G L Oakes.


9/93

TNIVERSITY OF WOLVERHAMPTON

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

AND THE BUILT

ENVIRONMENT

DEPARTMENT

OF ARCHITECTURE

ND PRODUCT

DESIGN

MODULE CM1OO4 OMPUTER

AIDED DESIGN

AND

DEWLOPMENT

1

Component, Element , DESIGN

PROJECT

Marketneeds

o concept

esign.

Weighting:

0%

Hand n date:Fri 9u Dec2005

DESIGN BRIEF:

-

ComputrAidedDesign

of a Re-Chargeable

crewdriyer.

For

the DIY user, e-chargeablecrewdriver

its can

be

purchased

tom

many etail

outlets or less han

25. Thekit normally

omprisesf a number

f components.

Fo

this assignment

ou

are equired o

produceyour

own

design or a re-chargeable

screwdriver.

Your design

mustconsist fthe following

omponentsr

Onebit holder. and eleasehuck.

One drive handlewith swivel attachment,

One carrying

aasewith recharge

ower

pack.

Work to be

produced

Producea report

of approximately 000words,

which addresseshe

ollowing

DOrnwl

.

Product

esign pecificationo BS7373

tandards (10

marks)

ConceptDesignsnaluding

ntbropometlics

rtdErgonomicsata

(20

marks)

3D modelling

f components,singProEngineer

ildfire2,o

produce

he

assemblyf

you

inal chosene-chargeable

crewdriver nd

carrying ase.

(30marks)

2D drawingsfthescrewdriver

ullydimensionedo 858888

sing

ProEngineerildfire2.

Yourdrawingshould pecifyhevolume,

utfacerea nd

assofoneofthe

main

parts

of thescrewdriver. (30

marks)

.

Packaging or marketing,

costeffectiveness,

rcduct

protection

atld recycling

(10

marks)

Ref-Dr A

J Felton,4r G L

Oakes


10/93

1:-=

'1 l l

l t l

-./'

-at

I

4-*=t-t ./

)1, /

| ),/

"'-'7'

-*

'

{uu-"'=

V"-tz

\------T-"' I n

\ I l f t - -_

t l l

\ r l

j

l ,

r---l

t . - l

L--l


11/93

Two

Typcsof

Thinking

LATER{L

THINKING

(CREATr 'E)

ITRTICAL

THINKING

(ANALYTTCAL)

IMAGINATION

LOGICAL

Generate anydeas

r

possible

Few

deas

enerated

r turique

DI\'ERGENT

COI\TVERGENT


12/93

Stagel

First iruight

Strge

2 Preparation

I

Stage

Incubation

Stage

Illunination

Stage Verilication

The ormulatioa

fthe oroblem

A conscious

ttemDt t a solution

No consciousffort

A sudden mersencef

an dea

Consciousevelooment

Fig

5.2Model

Of TheCreative hinkingProcess.


13/93

BR{INSTOR,TtrNG

The

imdamental

rinciples

r rules or brainstormrngreas ollows:

o

Criticism

s not

allowed

r

Free-wheeling

.

Quartity

not

quality

r

Record

verydea

o

Incubate

eforeevaluating

L Criticism

s not

allowed.The

dea

s to create

supportive

nvironment

for free

lowing ideas.

Any

idea s valid,

participants

must

not

criticise

or

pass

udgement,

uspend

udgement

ntil

the deas

valuation hase.

2.

Free-wheeling.

he

padicipants

hould

diwlge

all

ideas

entering

heir

mindswithout

constraint.

he

other

peoplepresent

hould

pick

up

all

ideas

rought orth.

3.

Quantity

not

quality.

A

key

objective s

to

provide

as many

deas

as

possible

ithin

a relatively

hort

ime.

30 o 100 deas

n

onehalf-hour

sessionrepossibleor agroup.

4. Record

very dea.

Write

down

every deahowever

razy.

5. Incubate

before evaluating.

he

participants

hould

stop

and take

a

break

after

he deas

generation

hase.

n

some

ases vemight.


14/93

A r.varm-upexercise for approximately

en

minutes

prior

to the

main

session. he

problem

or the lvarm up

session houldbe fairly

srmple,

examples

generate

s many uses as

possible

or a

paperclip

or improled

design fa

tooth

brush.

ChecKistsare a simple method

of

generating

deas elated o

the

problem

or can be used as

generalised questions

put

to the

goup

during

brainstoming o help stimulate he flow

of ideas.

. Combinations.vhat new deas an arise rom combining urposes r

firnctions?

.

Substitution,Whatelse?

Whoelse? Whatother

place?

Whatother

time?

o

Modification.What

to add?

What

to subtract?

Change he colour?

Changhe

material?

Changeheshape r

alter he

motion?

o

Elimination.s t

necessary?

o

Reverse.Whatwould happenf we

t;m it backward?

psidedown?

hside

out?Opposite?

.

Adapt.Whatcouldwe copy?Whatelse s similaro this? s therea

parallel

we

coulduse rom he

past.

o

Otheruse. s therea newway

o use

t?


15/93

Synectics

Slnectics

refers to

the

joining

together

of different

and

apparently

irrelevant

elements.

William Gordon

during the 1950s

ormalised

he

technique

e called

synetrcs

ollowing

research

nto

someof

the notable

historicdiscoveries

nd

ound

an analogy

with a

similar

problem

n nanue

or elsewheren ife.Examples:

t\-,:,.\--:

.

Sycamore

eaf that spirals o

the

ground

producing

hehelicopter

lade

effect.

Compressing

otato

crisps nto a

small

place

he

analogywas

found

n

leaves

lthough

ragile hey

are oundcompressed

nd

undamaged.

Bats n

flight emit

sound,whichbounce

ff obstacles.e. heyusesonarfor

detection

urposes,

his

analogy

s beenusedsuccessfully

n

radar

andsonar

evelopments.

The laps

on aircraft or lift

or dive are

similar o

birdsusing

heir wng

and ail feathers

o obtain he

same esired

ffect.

Snowshoes

eveloped

rorn the wide

feet /

paws

of aniraals

who

walk

on the

snow without

sinking

and divers lippers

based

on

webbed

eetofbirds for

swinning

Many

packaging

evices or

protection

are

derived om

nature's

way of

Drotectinseeds.

can

the


16/93

la3?3?3

2^

B&

,-O

C*Ai+i^*^I

rrs.

9iz- ol*.*l^*

.xQ

",*

L)t{ .U.9


17/93

IHg

PEODUT-

/-1U,\T

TlF JAFF TO


18/93

a.A. i j . D

aLl j

j i . - r t : .J i

ASSlct iU i" i

Product Des

9n

Studi es

t .

2.

Cr i t tcal ly

analyse the funct ion

and uses of a rrracrabl

blade

knl fe.

Draf t

a deslgn

br if for a mod111n9

kni f ro

be

Siven

ro an

deslgner responsib le

for developlng

a new lDproved producr.

The

lnc lude

the specif ica ion and should not

exceed

200

' ,ords.

Eodel I lnS

indus

i r ia l

br ief

nusr

Make

a cri t ical

appraisal of the

techolcal l t teratu le

shosn

in f ig

l r and

explaln, ' lCh

lhe aid of sketches

hol{ l t could be lmproved.

@{S

2-10-099

ENG ANO

i

26i":.,

o\

,o

47209


19/93


20/93

Technology

Technique

,'''--?ort|---> I

,.-+--

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OETA]L ESIGN

Eqrolar to

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- ' -

- :>

TERENCE ONRAN

.v

INVESTIGATING

CONTRAST

I To

attracl ltention Ddtrterest,timulate

iscusion,nd

erophaiizeertaio tlributesrall

good

easor$or usilg he

principle

fcontrastn d*ign.

Civeatrotherreaso[sor

using

contrast,

2 Up/do*n,ough/vnooth

re typsfcontrasting

llectsfteo

usd

n

design-

llocate

ai

of oameso

ach flhe int four

diagrams

tr thesame

ay.

3 Lookcloselyt th llustratio0

f the adder-hckhair

y

Charles ennie ackiDtosh.ame

he variousypeshtyles

f

cotrtraJt ehar urd o create uch strikinge{fect.

4

Fiod ard record ther ypes trdstyles

fcoltrast for each f

ihe

ollowidg lbjct reas:rchitrture,

ashio , ood, urDiture,

eraoics,

ailtiug.

USINC

THE INFORMATION

I Fibdoutwho

sedheYinYang

Monad ndwite

briefnohs

on ts signilicance.

2 Design

board

game

use onlmsting

aterials,hapes,

colours,

extures

od

proportioos.

3 Style a

becontrasriDgoo.

Chippendale/Habittt,

halk/Pei,

Italic

ypeface/Block

ypeface,ubism/Impressionisrn,

lasical

muiic/Rock

usic, ladirional/Modern.

llustrate

ne

air

of

words ilh

examples

flhei codtrastn style.

4 Dsign

De

fth ollowing: foot-stool,lace

at,oy,wiDe

rack, kil, windmill.

Dcorporate

varietyof coDtrasting

mateiah

r

your

derigtrs.

5 Produce

3-dimemional

odel f

your

design.


65/93

T@NE

ATI\4OSPHEFIE

"Colour

ontrast

eoends n the

distance etween

hecolous

themselves".

LUIGINA E

GRANDIS

f lo

v./

Ii.I 'ESTICATING

TONE

I

Complelebe

one .ale rogresring

raduallt

rom

hite

o

dart

gry.

Jrt a sofl

28

peocil.

xperimeot

sing iflereor

dedia.

g

pai[1. eo,

ok,charcoal.

2 Reproduce

hsquare

[d trialgle

ai a while

riatrgl 0

a

black quare.

Dd blact

riaogle

n a while quaft.

ompare

thellct

of each.

3 Redraw

he2 lim

drawitrgs

f thehollow

ofils showo.

tess

dnwiogs

ackdeprh'.

se hade

Dd

oDeo

gjve

he

rrx/itrge

more

ealistic

iine$ioml elTect.

4 Fidrh eachlraviogbyadditrgte shadowast yeach bjwt.

This hould

ale

henappear

solid

od

table

USING

THE

INFORMATION

I Fix-

0 brighl

Lght

on to \imple.whire eonlerric

hap.s.g

cylrnder,

one.phere.

raw hal you

seeusing

roft

pencil.

Halfcloseour

eyeso

comparehe

alue

f

the ons.

2

DesigD

simple

esl-tidy

o bmad

iom

plastic

ubing f

various

ianerers.

ourconceDtuat

ra*inss hould

nciude

shade,

hadow

ndhighlight

oilarify

he oin

ofthe ubing.

3 Theare

ightiDg

very

Dportalt

n crealing

almosphere'on

stage.

aldle

ight

s still used

n thehomeo ceare *aim

friendly

tnosphere.

esigo

Gndl Holderwhid has xfety

-i

thenail desigtconsideratioo.


66/93

f^

" l i

LJ

INFORI\,4ATION

IOENTITY

SPACE (pale nto nsigniticance

)

G@tOUR

EMOTlON

"While

orm

s absolute,

o that

you

can

sayat

the moment

ou

draw any

ine

hat t is

either

ight

or wrong,

olour s

whol ly

relat ive".

JOHN

RUSKIN

6'6..

4U

.41Y-A

.

L7

{-'

/\ r{

VFIqJ,

.-\-

-.,'

,1-i

INVESTICATING COLOUR

I Redrawh 'informatiou

iagrms'. Drsigl

a suitable

backgrouodd

colour ahedEor then.

2 Give one

word

efinitiotror

each fthediagrams.dd

his

*ord

to

your

arrwork si[g

displa]'

ypelrrrs.

3 Palento nsigtrificatrc'usi[g

bis

phrase

s

guide,

pply

suitnbleolour chedeo

your

bwn

bar

adscape'.

4 Lisl atry6 countaies.

nvestigatehe ue

of coloua their

Daliooallags. ake

iniature odels f 2 of

these.

USING

THE INFORMATION

I

Dcign a colourful

ogo or

your

school,ayourite

chool

subjct,w

ompany,ew

roduct,

ank r fast ood hain.

2

Colour

lays

D

nportant

art

D sportand ecratioDal

activities.

esigtr

rpotls hirt singa

imilar utline iagramo

th

one showtr.

Conrider armony,

onlmst, tyle add

proportiotr.

I

Colour an

bestrodgly isociated

ilh felingsndmotions.

Desig

range

fbadgesllustrating

he ollowirg ords:ool,

cold,

nry, Dger,

age,ury.

4

Iscorporate

inpleabstract

lnpes ndstrong

rimary

olours

i

thedesign

f a simpleccasional

able.


67/93

lelo ^

()

This

colour irclewas

used

by

Johannes

tten

in

his

basiccourse

at he

Bauhaus.

a)

specKles

stripes

COLOUR

"How

mportant

t is

to know

how

to mixon

he

palette

hose

olours

whichhave

no name

nd

yet

are

the real

oundations

f

everything".

VINCENT

AN

GOGH

61 4i

/ / l l

INVESTICATING

COLOUR

I Draw he

olour hel

nstiflwhite

ard

od

Dainl

h

Dadels

as ndicated.

se oly

ed.blue

nd

ellow ainis.

ile

hi card

salelyor

firture efftDc.

2 Drawa cube.

Paint

tte faces

f the cubeusitg

harnodout

cotouni,

3 Colour boice

may

depead

n a

products

uiclioo.

List 4

elaaples[eoergmcy

eliclsaod

raso[or

hircolour.

a[

you

apply

his o

aty other

product

or

.a ge of

products?

4

Feelilgs'

are

associatdith

colour.

ist he

colour

ou

vould

USING

THE

INFORMATION

I

Exanioeour

onpleted

olour heel

qderblue

od edicht.

Note

be

ellecr

0each

olour.Where

ould bis

h imporra'ntl

2

Colour an

e mired'

siog

ifferent

oloured

ob

o. speckles.

Try

thi

using

pai.r

of

prinary

colours.

3 Try

a sinilar

rprinent

usitr8

tripfs.

4 Using

he

circle

ona square'

mangemenl

hown.

lace

rd

d$c

o0a square

fyellolr,

ra[ge,

iolet,

lue

[d

gree0.

hich

aflangemeot

.cool'

atd viich

is

.wam'?

5 Conpafingte reddis.odyellow tdbluebackgrounds,hich

looh

oearest

od aithst

nay.

ssocirl. ith .old, waim,sad,a[gry, healthy [d hot.


68/93

I na,-\ L_It-

L-lll\71rll ll

THEWINDOWOF

HEBRAIN

FIGHTEYE

"Without

olour

here s no orm".

JOHANNES

TTEN

6,F

4A

IN 'ESTIGATING LICHT

I Coloursdepetdatt

0 ight.Themlours fthespectrum

an

be ou[d

experioentallyyshi trg'whiteighi

thlough

glass

prisn.

List hecoloursf the pectrum

ld

give

3 erarnplesf

where

hisellett a be ound aturally.

2 List h

primary

olours

or both

paiot'

Ddlight'.Find

ut

what

apptrs

hen

he

primary

olours re mired n

each

ci|se.

I Dircta

lighf

on to objedsmadrom

glass,

wood,

laslic,

foodstrff,cloth,

paper.

Note

atrd sketchhow the dillereDt

oaterials reallectedy t[e light.

4 Re atheerperitueDto tbesammateriab sitrg dilhretrt

lightsoufte.

USING THE

INFORMATION

I

Light rayehn slraightines.

old

pencil

ertically

o ront

ofyoureyes nd orus

na dixtanttatio[ary

bject.

lose ne

eye nd hen he

othernd sketchrhat

ou

ee.

2 The

machioed

ring'

has

beelsho.rtr

raphically

o haye

reflectiv

urfac. hatyp

fmaterialsould

he ingbemade

from?

3 Dra*

the ollowirg

aterialsDcylidrical

orm:

bdck,mahoga0y,

lasr,

olystyrm,lasticibe,

tnvs.

4 Romantic,orking,

elaxing,

xciting.

ftsign a light fitment whichwill helpto attaid one of the

'atmospheaes'

ivetr.

5

Use he

phrase

the window

f th

braitr'as he itle for the

dsig0

f a craft

project

of

your

choice.


69/93

6KffiTffiH*E

CUB

f ' .

I

I

./\

l

I

I


70/93

ffiKffiTffiH*&

BOX

, t

---_:(

The

BP De; ign Fel loeship


71/93


72/93

sKT##*e

CYTINDfR

:-. i i - '

' - ' : ' t"r '

,

' ' : .) i l ' : ' l

i ' l

The BP Design

Fet lor;h ip


73/93

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' : '

sp+{gRg

i

(

'i.,-

\


74/93

sKffiwffiw*e

CONE


75/93

SKT#*&

MAttfT

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76/93

$KffTffi+d*E

/r=+

ffetuftufffiR

In br uesrqn

ieJrow5nrp


77/93


78/93


79/93


80/93


81/93

PACKAG[:{G

DESIGN

PACXAGING

AS Al'i

ASPECT

OF MARKETlNG

A

package

esigner usthave

killsspecific

o designihg

br con1merce

nd ndustrv

Designingbr indusrry*s pa( ofthe processfselling products.e.marketing.

KNOW I'IARKE'I'INC

I'ROCEDITIRES

ND

TECENIQI]ES

Packaging

s a marketing

unction, he

designer eeds

o be irmiliarwith

marketing

proccdures

nd

echniques.Marketing

anbe

hought fas

a setofprocedures

or

developing

roducts

nd

planning

ales tategies

ndcampaigns.

ludy hemarket

by

visiting etaii

stores nd nterviewing ersonnel

nd

consumers.

KNOW TET PRODUCT

Fora

p.oduct

o sell, he designgrnust

know t

intimately.

Be amiliarwith

theneeds.

preferences,

astes,

ltrchasing

ower,

ndbuyinghabits

fthe

oonsumer.

coMPE',flTn'E PRODUCTS

Thedesigner

ustaiways gmember

hata

package

s nevcr

alone. t is

sunounded

y

othr

packages,

srLallv

hose fcompeting

roducts.

t is

mportant

to compare

hese

competing

ackages

ith

the

client's

existing

ackages.

TtIE ]VIESSAGE

Packages

andelivermessages

bout

he

product,

hebrand,

he

product

ategory,

he

typlcalcustomer,

r thebenefits

ffered y the

product.

he

package

analso

project

unlqueness,

reate n mage,

r increasehe mpact

ofother

promotional

ools. Ihe

package

analso

send ubliminalmessages.

or

example, olour.

hape, ize.

and

texturemaysuggest

uxury

embossing,

oil or

unusual

aper

tock).Transparent

packagesvisible

merchandise),

tructural esign

unusual

hapes).

r

reusable

packages

bottlgs,jars,

r boxes) lso

send if'ferent

messages.

Iass ontainers.

despite uch

drawbackss ragiliq'

andexcess

,vcight,

uggesthat

he

product

s of

supenor

uality.

1h9

paekage

s

thevisualand

phvsicai

vidence

fthe

product

eing

old. In addirion

tojust selling heproduct ackaging

as

a lot to

do with brand oyalry.

A

defeclrle

ddsignmay osevaluable

oyal

customers.

PIL{SES

OF A PACI{,{GTNG

DISIGN PROJE(]T

Most

design

rojects

re

presented

ndcosted

ut n tbur

phases:-

Firstphase

research,

athering

nformation

At this

ime.

ask he ollowine

uestions:-

Where

will

the

goduct

be

sold? Who \rll hu) ill

Ho$ mtLch jlL

t

cosrl-Tiese

nre

basrcally arketing

nd

production

ssues

fconcem

o thedesigner.


82/93

Second

hase

he development

fpreliminary

oncepts.

Example,

he

development

f

a 1ogo, r

corpolatedentifr),

small

humbnail

ketchgs

.roughs,,can

be

preparid.

Make

at east10

o 15sketches

r roughs.

humbnails

re

usually lack

nd

whire,

roughs re

n colouron

a 14"x 17"

ayout

ad.

Third hase spreparatronfthecomprehensivecoml.Thisphasencludes

detemining

he structural

esign

fthe carton,

oxmodel,

r

proloope.

Consider

potentialproduction

and rnanufacturing roblems.

Greatdesigns

have

gone

down the

drainbcauseh9

production

ndmanufacturing

ostswould

havebeen

rohibitive.

Before

inal

comp,

ptepare

mock-up.

rough

sfuctural

device hal

s;rves

o

est he

viability

ofthe design

odcept.

The

inal

phase

fthe

Foject

is

Feparation

fthe

production

echanical,

hich

incoryorates

ll final

art,

photography,

llustration,

and ype. Ifthe

packaged

roduct

s

to

be sold n

stores, Universal

roduct

ode

UpC)

slmbol

printed

on he

package

s

required.

An

opticalscanneran read" heUPCsymbolnto a computer, hichwill

indicate

he

price

and temizing

he

products

urchased.

he

LpC slanbol

s 30venical

dark ineswith 29

spaces

nda 10digir

series

fnumbrs.

First ive

designate

he

manufacturer;

econd ive

identify

the

product

and he

package

ize.

COMPUTER

AIDED PACIi{GE

DESICN

Computer

ided

package

esign

ystems

re hemost

significant

evelopment

r.

contmporary

rackaging

esign. hey

cancreote

r alter

package

oncepts

n minutes.

Two-dimensional

bject

n the

scren, llowing

he

designer

o expedment

ith

various

ortions

f the mage.

Alter

colours,ntensii,

background

ons,

dd

or

remoye

shadows.

Using a tlatbed

scanner

r

video

camera, he

computer

can

,gleb',

images

rom

drawings,

hotographs,

rinted

materials,

tansparencies,

nd

even hree-djmensional

ooJecls.

Thecomputer

analso

simulate

he environments

n which

design

will

appearn

similar

to

CAD

packages.

uppose

ou

want

o

know

how

o design

will look

n a retail

environment.

nput he nterior

ofa

store, sing

a slide,

ard superimpose

he design.

The result

s a

planogaph

"store shelf' view,

in which

sevral

packages

ppear

n a row

as hey

would

on a store

shelt:

WORKING

WITE

PAPER

AND BOARI)

Sc

Papr

oanbe easily olded.

To facilitate

folding,

a

score,or

crease,s made

n

the

DaDer

OI The

tool

used or

scoring s

a blunt-fact (round

edge)scoring

ule

(die).

When

rnga

aartonby hand,

neverscore

he

paper

with

a sharp

blade.

Use a

bluntedge,

uchasa

paper

lip,

coin,or ball-point

f,n,

against

steel ule.

Always

bend

against he

scor o

produce

an

embossed,aised

edce.

Embossing

Embossing,

he

piocess

y

whicha

design r image

s made

o

appearn reliefon

he

paperor board canbesuperimposednprinting or doneon blankpaper or a

sculptured,

hre

dimensional

effect.


83/93

Embossing

s achieved

y

pressing

sheet f

paper

etween

brassemale

y and

a

male edor

counter.costly

rocess.

t is

generally

sedorprestigious

ackages,

cosmetics,

ifts,

tationery

nd

romotional

aterials.

Die-Cutting

Everypape6oard roduct rpaper,whetherhree-dimensionalr flat, hasa shape r

form hat s

produced

y die-cutting.

utting

andstamping

iesare

usedo

crcate

shapesf

many inds, rom

papers,

oard

and

plastics.

There

re hreemthods

fdie-cutting.

ollow

die-cutting,

hollowdie,like

cake

cutter or labels

andenvelopes.

teel-rule

ie-cutting.

Steel ules

arebent

o the

desired

hape nd nseded

r wedgednto

a 20mm

piece

or

plywood.

Sevelal

heets

can ecut

atone ime. The hird

die-cutting

ethodssesasers.

ll

t?es

of

mate

als, ncluding

aper,

metal,

lastics,

ndwood,

canbe

die cut with

asers.

Adhesives

Paper ndboard

ackaging

aterials

eed o

b

oined

or fastened

ogether.

Designerseedso be amiliarwith headhesivessed,uch s esin mulsion

adhesives

or coated

oards ndhot-melt

dhesives

or

plastics

nd

plastic

ilms, Be

aware f regulations

n their

usage.

In Commercial

ackaging

elfadhesivend

pressure-sensitive

abels

se

s]'nthetic

latex

hat s suitableor

both emovable

nd

Dermanent

abels.

TI?ES

OF FOLDING

CARTONS

Designers

anuse500

styles ndvariations

fcarton

constructions.

fyles

nd

constuction

redetermined

y the

Foduct

o be

packaged

nd

he

6pe

offilling

oprations

hatwill

beused.e.whether

he tem

s bulky, iquid,

owder,

r

granular.

Tray-Style

adon

Solid ottoms

re hinged

o side ndendwalls.

Sides

ndends

re onnected

y a

flap,

hook, ocking

ab,or lock. T)?ioal

hay

papkages

re

cigarette artons,

akary

tays, lce cream

adons,

izza

carlons, nd

garrrent

arricrs.

Twe-Style

Carton

Openings

n he op and

bottom.Tube"s8le

adons

ive

he

product

ully

enclosed

protectr'on.

heyare

herefore sed

o

pack

bottled

products,

osmetics,

lld

pharmaceuticals.

ShrinkWnpping

Packaging

housewares,nd

contoured

roducts

resbrink-wrap.

ealing

layer

of

plastic

an object

and applying

heat

s

a

good

way

to display

as well

as

Fotect

products.

Cartons

Bag-in-the-box,

oil-in-bag

pouches,

oups n pouches,

nd

paper

tozen-food

canons

that

aanbe heated,

microwaved.Beverages

uch

as milk

and ruitjuices

are

packaged

n

specially

designed olding

cadons hat

axe

ined

with

film and oil.

This tvDe

of

package

s

often referred

o as aseptic.


84/93

Modifications

flblding

cartonsor foodproducts

an

provide

iquid-tight,

eak-

proofpackage.

t

canbe rozen.

tored,eheated

n a

conventional

ven,and

often

used

asa seNing

dish.

SET UP PAPER

BOXXS

Are ngid,

permanent,

lree-dimensional

containers.

Materials

used

o construct

ser_uD.

or rigid,

paper

oxes re

paperboard

ndcovering

materials,

lastics

an

be combinej

with hem o

makeuseful

ackages.

CORRUGATED

CONTAINERS

Often called ibreboard.

Your TV

set,stereo,VCR,

and

otherappliances

re

packaged

for distribution

n this

R?e

ofcontainer.

THERMOFORMED

PACIAGES

Blister

pack.

This s themost

widely

used f all

card

packs

fld s intended

o

provide

visibility.

Prefabricated

lister

pack.

A

pretbrmed

lister s

attachedo

a die-cut,

inged

wirdow

caid. The

product

s

displayednside

hebubble

nd s visible

on both

sides

f the

card.

Skin

pack.

The

product

s laminated

o a cardwith

a

thin, ough ilm.

Stretchilm pack.A film is bondedo a die-cut oublewindowcardso het heproduct

is

encasedn.

PLASTICBOTTLES

AND CONTAINERS

Plastic ffers

ertair

advantagesver

glass,

he main

one

being hat

plastic

s lighter.

Thedevelopment

fblow-rnoulding

quipment as

made he

plastic

ottle

a

practicai,

inexpensive

ackage.

TYPES

OF FLEXIBLE

PACKAGING

Thee basic

8 es

offlerible

packaging:

wraps

and overwraps,

re-formed

bags

and

envelopes-

nd

orm-fi

l-sealpouches.

Wlqps and

Overwraps

Wraps

are ormed

arounda

product

such

asa chocolate

bar

or a

loaf

of

bread

'---

Preformed ags

aadPouches

Preformed

ags rebasically

ubular

onstruction

abricated

rom paper,

lastic,

oil,

fabric,

ora combination

fthesematerials

Four

standard

tyles fpaper

bags:

lat,

square,elf-opening

r

automatic,nd

satchel.

A variety

fclosuress

available

or

bags,ncluding ealers,wist ies,plastic lips,coffee abs, nddrawstrings.


85/93

ENVIROI{MENTAL

IMPLICATIONS

OF

PACIG.GING

SOLIDWASTE

DISPOSAL

Most authorities

ispose f

solidwaste y

burying

t in landfills.

But environmental

.esearchhows olidwaste isposals developingnto a crisissituation

PROBLEMS

ROMPLASTIC

WASTE

The

prcblcm

s that

plasric

objectsdo not rust,

dissolve,

or

evaporate.The

plastic

materials

urently n

Usewill takeup

o

five

centuries

o

degrade.

USINC BIODEGRADABLE

PLASTIC

ln

prjnciple,

hemisls nowhow o

makebiodegadable lastics,

ut hemate

alsare

relatively xpensive

o

produce.

Manulbcturerso notalways ave ufficientmcentlve

to

produce

he essdangerous

aterials.

Otheroptions or

package

isposal nclude

ecycling

nd ncineration.

PACKACf, TESTING

The ollowing

areamong

he

nost

requsntly

equird

ests.

Tensile nd

elongationest.-Basically

stretchest

used or flexible

packaging

uch

as

bags

nd ilms.

Impact est,-Used o meastuhe mpact tengthof films.

Tea est.-A

strengthest or

pape

r film.

Stiffnessest.-

s used o

determinhe

stiffness

fpackaging

materials

uchas ilm

and

paper

Water-vapour

ransmission

est.-Fof

emperature,

umidity,

ndmoistue

control.

Gas ransmission

est.

Used rl ilms

o determine

heir

permeability

o

gases.

Bursting strength

est.- Used or tibreboard,paperboard,

omrgated

ardboard,

nd bag

stock.

-\

Flat

crush est.

For

esting orrugated

oard

on a compression

est

device.

Fold

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test for double

and single

old

paper

ard board.

Grease

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a tst

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flexible

materials

ntended

o

provide

banieragainst

greases.

Specularloss.- testwherby Clossmeters usedo spcii/andcontrol uface

characteristics

f boardand materiais.


86/93

PACKAGING

FORDESIGN

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89/93

' lEVL

An Outline of the CE Marking Process

Detailed

publicalions

on CE marking ore available

rom

BSI.

See

page

3.

Generol

CE marking

s an indicationhat

a

product

meets he requirements

f a directiveor

dirctivesrom

heEuropean

ommission.

Themarking

rovides

tee

movement f

goods

n the EC and

cedainother errito es,

without

estrictions.

Only

product

n the scope f oneor moreof the directives

n the attachedist may

cany heCE marking.

TheMarking

CE marking s applied y the manufacturer.ho

s responsibleor

ensuringhat he

product

concernedmeets he requirements

f the directive(s)

concerned. The

directives re mplementedy Member

Statesn the form

of

regulations

nd similar

measures hichhave he orceoflaw.

Themanufacturer

pplies he aw ofthe E.C.

country forigin andconforming

oods

mustbeaccepted

n

all

MemberStates.

Many directiveswhen

first in force,

provide

for a

period

during which

the

manufacturer ay apply he

old rules n force or apply

CE marking and the

CE

marking ules. When his ransition eriodends here s no furtherconcession.CE

markingmust

be

applied

o

goods laced

n he

market n any EC state ncluding

he

country forigin.

CE marking

s

ntended

o be

placcd

n the

product.

ndividual

directivesmay allow

themarking'io

e

placed

n he

product,

n he

packaging

r on hedocuments.

/ ' \

Directivec alling or

CE marking reknownasNew

ApproachDirectives.A full list

including

he applicableates ppears

n

page

.

Docunrenlalion

The Declaration

f Conformitywith the

requirementsf the Directivemust

be made

available

o the authoritieswhen

requested,The declafation

s

prepared

y the

nanufacturer

or his

representativen the

Community

when

authorised y the

manufacturer

o carry

out specified ctions nder

heCE marking equirements. he

declaration

must be held

n the Communityat the disposal

of the authority.The

contents

fthe Declaration

fConformity

respecifiedn each

Directive. In the case

of

a challenge,he

authority 1ay extask

or

proof

of conformitywith those

aspecls

which

heauthority

maywish o nvestigate.

os30.Doc

pagc

Lll

of6


90/93

An

Outline

of tlte CE

Marking

Process

Proof

of

Conformity

Proofof conformityshouldbe availablen a

form of

technical

ocumentation.

lso

refened

o as

dremanufacturer's

echnical

ile

or the ectu

cal

consrruction

ile. The

complexity

of these

documents

ill

depend

on the requireme

s

of the

Drrectrve

concemed

nd he

severity f the

danger

r environmeltal

ffect

which

misht result

from

non compliance

ith

the essential

equirements

fthe

Direcrive.

All direcnves

encourage

he

useofharmonised

tandards

nd

some equire

he

nvolvement

f third

parties

ut

most ely

on hemanufacturer

arrying

ut

heassessment.

o achieve

his

the manufacturer

ay decide

o make

use

of the assistance

f a test

aboratory.

n

some ases

t may

be

possible

o carry

out the

assessment

ithout

outside sslslance.

The

procedures

recontained

n the

ndividual

irectives.

The

Meaning

of CE marking

The

application

f CE marking

o

the conforming roduct

nd he

availability

f the

spcified

ocunentation,

esultsn

the

prsumption

fconformity

by the

authorities

n

all the

States

fthe European

conomic

rea.

This

ncludes

he EC

andEFTA

with

the exception

f

Switzerland.

Presumption

f

Conformity

llows

goods

o circulate

rreely.

CE marking

requirements

mpose procedures

lr the

manufacturer

nd

cenarn

responsibilitiesre transferredo the inrporterwhen product s brought nto the

European

ommunity.

CE marking

ymbolises

hat

he

manufacturer

as

conformed

o

all the

obligations

n

the

manufacturer

ontained

n the

directives

equiring

CE marking.

The

Ci

marking

also

symbolises

he fact hat

he

person

esponsible

or

CE marking

has

verified

hat

the

foduct

cdlforms

o

the requiremelts

nd

hat he

specifled ro;edures

ave

been

carlied

ut.

Maingement

of CE

marking

ln

order o

comply

with

the equirements

fan

EC Directive

anufacturers

hould.

.

Identify

he

applicable

irective

r Directives

.

Determine

hedates

y which

actions

must

be 1aken

.

Identify

heappropriate

armonised

tandard

.

Determine

ow

o ensure

hat he equirements

f the

standard

re

met

.

Determine

hat

the product

complies

with

the

Directive

using

he procedures

specified

nd, vhere

vailable.

ake

use

ofexisting

data

and esr

epons

DS

30DOC


91/93

An

Outline of

the CE

Marking

Process

.

Where Notified Bodies

are involved, dentify the necessary

ctions o ensure

confomity

with thedirective nd he

quality

measureso be applied

.

Carryout anynecessary

tafftraining

. Appointapersonwho s empoweredo act or themanufacturerith respecto the

Directive,

concerning conformity, the EC declaration

and the technical

documentation

.

Preparehe Declaration

f Conformity

providing

he infonnation

pecifiedwith

directive

.

Elrsure

hat d1e manufacturing

rocess

esults n

product

\\tich

remains n

conformitywith the

echnical ocumentation

.

Apply the cE marking

Help and Assislance

Successdependson a careful assessment

f the appropriateDirectives

and

requirements. he BSI Technicalnformation

Croup,TeclmicalHelp o Exponers,

s

able to advise

on

the telephone

or

provide

consultancywith respect

o the

idcntification

nd he application fthe Directives.Advice ncludes

ow to comply

with

standards nd explanations oncerning he responsibilities

nvolved and the

records

o be kept.

BSI

publishes

handbooks

which

explain the actions which

nanufacturers nd

inporters o the EC must ake. See hosedirectivesmarked in the following ist.

Details

ftheseBSI

publications

leavailable

n request.

OtherolderDirectives ot using

heCE markingor National equirements

hichmay

apply n addition

o theNew Approach irectives, analso

be

dentifled.

The nformation an nclude

dentification f standardsndauthorities

ndadviceon

theadministration,ocume[tation

nd iming ofevents.

The

iming andnecessity

or

part

or full testing

t

visual

examinationfa

product

an

form

part

ofthe advice nd

service.

In addition

lo CE marking

The Infbrnation

Centre can assist

on

technical requiremnts.

egulations nd

standards orldwide.

Please sk or details;

see

page

.

Makesure

you

get

t right

trg

time,

contact

he Technicalnformation

Groupon Tel

0181 996 Tlll

or

fax

0181

996 7018

and

let

BSI help

you

nuke

a

pou,erful

partnership n Europe.

DS 0.DOC

Pasc

1+

016


92/93

The

GEmarking

Process

&

printfriendlv

aoe

View

a

El9 9h3( ll s I3 9

of

t'ris

process

Step

: ldentify

he

pjIgql lgllglhatareapplicableoyourproduct. oucandownloadhese

direct'ves

reeof

cha'ge

'om

E rqp94-.lJ- r.9rycbsile

Step

2: Identify

he conformity

ssessment

rocodure

hatmList aken

This ould

eself_

deciaration,

nv'olve

esting,

nspection

r

quality

ystem ssessment

roma Notified

ody r a

combination

f hese.

heconfofmity

ssessment

rocedureilldiffef ependingn

your

pfoduct

and

heDirective

n rcspect fwhich

ouwill

be

CEmarking.

f

you

areunsure boutwhich

procedureo ake

p'ease

glteqlls oradvice

Step3:

Determlne

hedates

by

which

you

must akoactlon.

hiswillbe he

date hat he

Direciive

omes

nto orce.

hemajority

fdirectives

realready

n orce

n

these ases'

t s an

offence

o

place

product

n

he

ma|ket

ithout Emarkingecause

t n{icates

.presumptionf

conformiiyithall elevantegislation

Step

4: dntlfy

t there

areany

Harmonizsd

r|ropeantandards

ppllcablao

your

product.

These

renot;lways

mandatory

ormanufacturers

lthoughhere

sa

presumption

htconformity

to hese

tandards

ill

give

onformity

ith

he elevant

art

ftheDirective.

henever

ossible

r

appropriate,

anufacturerg

hould

ollow amonized

tandards

Step

5l Ensure

ho

product

omplle6

lth allthe

eseentlaloqulrements

fthe Dlrective(s)

Take ppropriate

easuteso

comply

r dentify

xistingata nd

est eports

Stop

6: dentlfy

whgther

ndependent

sses6mont

f

yout

contormltyo

the Ditectlve

or some

asoects f

t. s'required

ioma

NqtllgllEgdt

This

willbestated

n

he

directivend

s dependent

uoonhepfoductouareCEmarking oumust otatiixCEmarkingoyour roductntil ll

necessaNertfications

ave een btaineo

romheNot,fiedody

SteD :

Malntaln

echnlcal

ocumentation

equlred y ho

Dlrectlve(s)

our

echnical

documentation

hould

upport

our

ompliance

ith he

equirementsf he

Directiv

t isessential

to

retainhis

documentation.

StoD

: Propare

ho

Declaratlon

f

conformlty nd he

requlted upportlng

vidgnce'

he

Deilaratpn

fConformrly

long

with he

Technicalocumentationhould

eavailable

o Competent

Authorities

EU

Members)

pon

equest

Step9l

ChEck

hatno other

purely

national

equiremontr

xlst n hecounhies

here

he

product itlbesold. hesemay ncludeationaltandards,abellingrpackagangequlrements.

Step

1O:Aftix

CEmarking

n

you

producl

nd/or

ts

packaging

ndaccompanying

iteralures

stated

n he

directive.

Asa

Notifled

odyor

17EU

Directives,

SIProduct ervices

an

help

ou

hfough

his

process

Review

AEqS |j9S

n

CEmarking

lienls,

nformation

nEUDkectives

r Reouest Quotation


93/93

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Documents

CAD and Development 1 - Part 1