1Writing Argument Essay

1. StructuresStructuresIntroduction:- Introducing the topic.- Giving background information and Narrowing the topic.- Giving your point of view and mentioning the main areas covered in the essay.Body:- Reason 1 (with 2 supporting ideas).- Reason 2 (with 2 supporting ideas).- Reason 3 (with 2 supporting ideas).Conclusion:- Restate your point of view.- Summary is required.

2. Useful expressions for giving your point of viewNhng cm t gi khng nh kin bn thn vn nu ra bi. Nhng cm t ny

thng s c s dng phn m bi hoc kt bi.- In my opinion/ In my view/ From my point of view.- I (strongly) believe/think (that)- My opinion is- To my mind,- The way I see it,- As far as I am concerned,- It seems/appears to me that- I (do not) agree with - I strongly/absolutely/totally/certainly/partially | agree with/approve of/support/disagree with.- I am totally against- It strikes me that- I am (not) convinced that- It is my firm belief that

Task: Nowadays, computers are an important part of most peoples everyday lives. This change hasimproved the way people live.To what extent do you agree or disagree?

2IntroductionMt m bi hay cn nu ra c ch , gii hn ch vo vn ca bi v nu ra kin ca

c nhn.a. Introducing the topic

u tin, chng ta cn xc nh Ch ca bi l g? Neu ch xc nh l Computers thqu rng, s rt mt cng gii hn ch cc cu sau, nh vy m bi s di khng cn thit. Vych c th l: The changes computers have on our lives. Nh vy, cu u tin ca m bi bn cth vit: The changes computers have on our lives has become a source of controversy over the years. Without a doubt, computers have changed the way people live.b. Giving background information and Narrowing the topic

y, gii hn li topic a ra (The changes computers have on our lives). Hng gii hn y bn da vo bi: This change has improved the way people live. l s nh gi (tt, xu, tchcc, tiu cc) v nhng thay i m my tnh to nn cho i sng con ngi. Nh vy, bi s cgii hn v vn Evaluating the quality of those changesT , cu vn tip theo c th l: Evaluating the quality of those changes is less clear and is subject to individual opinions and attitudes. People have many different ways of evaluationg these changes.c. Giving your point of view and mentioning the main areas covered in the essay

y, bn trc tip a ra quan im ca mnh, tc l hoc ng , hoc khng ng , hoc chmt phn ng . y c l cch chn khn ngoan nht l partly agree/disagree. Tc l ch ng/khng ng mt phn, v r rng tc ng ca my tnh ln i sng con ngi va c nhng mt tchcc va c nhng mt tiu cc.

Vi bi ny, mnh s chn cch tip cn l: S tc ng ca my tnh ch yu l tch cc;tuy nhin cng c mt s vn ng quan tm. T , cu vn cui cng ca m bi c th l:

Based on my experiences and observations, I think that, on the balance, computers have improvedmost peoples lives; however, the benefits should be seen in light of a few substantial problemsTuy nhin, nu bn chn hng th hai: My tnh ch yu tc ng tiu cc ln cuc sng con ngi;tuy nhin, cng c nhng tc ng tch cc cn ch , bn c th vit:

Based on my experiences and observations, I think that, on the balance, computers have harmmost peoples lives; however, the drawbacks should be seen in light of a few substantial benefitCh : Bn c th thy cch vit y rt linh hot, s dng hiu qu vn t ng, cu trc cu. V d:- Linking words: on the balance, however.- Expressions for giving your point of view: Based on my experiences and observations, I think that.- Cautious language: should be seen.- Synonyms: problems and drawbacks.- Antonyms: improve and harm.- Phrases like in light ofNh vy, bn c mt m bi hon chnh:

3Without a doubt, computers have changed the way people live. Evaluating the quality of thosechanges is less clear and is subject to individual opinions and attitudes. Based on my experiences andobservations, I think that, on the balance, computers have improved most peoples lives; however, thebenefits should be seen in light of a few substantial problems.Body

phn m bi, chng ta chn quan im: Tc ng ca my tnh ln i sng ch yu ltch cc, tuy nhin cng c mt s tc ng tiu cc. V th, thn bi, ngi vit s tp trung phntch nhng kha cnh tch cc m my tnh tc ng ln cuc sng con ngi nhng khng qun phn tchc nhng kha cnh tiu cc. Nh th, ta c th chia thn bi ra lm ba on: 2 on cho nhng tc ngtch cc v 1 on cho nhng tc ng tiu cc. Phn tc ng tiu cc nn vit gn v y khng phitrng tm ca bi.

Trc khi i vo bi vit c th, chng ta phi vch (brainstorm) cho nhng g vit trongthn bi. C th gii quyt vi mt s gi :Positive changes:- Increased access to information. (S tip cn rng ri hn vi thng tin).- Better communication. (S giao tip tt hn).- Business, transactions and goverment conferencing (S h tr trong kinh doanh, giao dch v nhng hingh chnh ph).- (Your opinion).Negative changes:- Physical and psychological problems. (Nhng vn v th cht, tm l).- (Your opinion).

Sau y l ba on vn trong phn thn bi. on mt v hai ni v nhng tc ng tch cc, onba ni v tc ng tiu cc. Trong cc on vn mnh nh du cu trc ca mt on thn bi nh trao i vi cc bn nhng bi vit trc.First Body Paragraph:

(Topic sentence) To begin with, computers have substantially improved peopleslives. (Supporting Idea 1)Needless to say, increased access to information is one of the most evidentways computers have changed the way we live. (Example) From work, to hobbies, to learning about worldevents and scientific advancements, the Internet has given people immediate access to information thatwas previously difficult or even impossible to get. (Expanding) With more and better information, we canmake smarter decisions. (Supporting Idea 2) Another beneficial change to peoples lives that can bedirectly attributed to computers is that of better communication technologies. (Example) These includethe most personal exchanges carried out via email or instant messaging, to the most complexcommunication satellite systems that allow us to watch a World Cup game live from the other side of theworld.Second Body Paragraph:

(Supporting Idea 3) Moreover, on top of these advances in our ability to obtain information andcommunicate, computers facilitate everyday business, transactions and government conferencing.(Expanding 1) People nowadays can do business online, which saves them a lot of time and money.(Example 1) Online systems allow people to do their banking, pay the bills, and even buy a new wardrobewithout having to leave home or even putting pen to paper.(Expanding 2)Similarly, govermentconferencing can take place online with no need to travel long distances to attend meetings. (Example 2)

4This form of meeting is becoming more and more popular in many countries. (Concluding) Thus,since the advent of computers, peoples lives have changed a lot in a positive way.Third body paragraph:

(Topic sentence) Some observers might say this all sounds great, yet there are downsides to thecomputer revolution that lessen some of the appeal of these benefits, if only slightly. (Supporting idea 1)The most prominent is physical problems. (Expanding 1) If people spend so much time at their computers,they do not get enough exercise, which can lead to numerous health problems. (Supporting idea 2)Psychollogically , with too much time spent sitting in front of computers, they do not develop healthyinterpersonal skills. (Example 2) Increases in depression and violence are two visible effects of thisproblem.Conclusion

(Summary) It is far from clear where the changes computers have brought to our lives willeventually take us. Like all new technology, computers bring mixed blessings to peoles everydaylives. (Opinion) At present, I believe the benefits outweigh the negative consequences.

on vn c nhng t kh hiu, c th tm dch: Chng ta kh c th bit nhng thay i m mytnh em n cuc sng s a ta ti u. Ging nh tt c nhng cng ngh mi, nhng tc ng camy tnh rt phc tp, c tch cc ln tiu cc. Nhng thi im ny, ti tin rng nhng li ch vt xanhng hn ch m my tnh em li.

on kt theo ng nhng yu cu ca mt kt bi, va tm tt phn ni dung thn bi vakhng nh li quan im nu m bi, ng thi to cm gic hon chnh cho mt bi vit.

Mt bi tham kho: In order to solve traffic problems, governments should tax privatecar owners heavily and use the money to improve public transportation. What are the advantagesand disadvantages of such a solution?

Essay Plan (Structure)1. Introduction:

- Introducing the topic.- Giving background information and Narrowing the topic.- Giving your point of view and mentioning the main areas covered in the essay.

2. Body- Paragraph 1: Advantages.- Paragraph 2: Disadvantages.Cc bn hy dnh cho Advantages mt on ring v Disadvantages cng vy. Vi mi on bn

nn a ra 3 supporting ideas, ngha l s c 3 mt mnh v 3 mt yu. Tuy nhin, 2 supportingideas cho mi on cng l nu bn vit di v su.Lu : Cc bn nn vit 2 on vi dung lng tng i bng nhau, khng nn thin lch (bias) ivi advantages v disadvantages. Gim kho s khng nh gi cao nu bn ch dnh 50 t choadvantages v n 150 t cho disadvantages.

chuyn on, bn nn s dng linh hot mt s lin t hoc mu cu mang ngha nhngb/i lp. Di y l mt s mu cu v d m bn c th p dng cho mi bi. Despite these attractions, however, some drawbacks do exist

5 Although has many advantages, there still exist some noteworthy disadvantages. However, is not completely beneficial; there are some negative aspects that should be taken into

consideration.3. Conclusion:

Restate in summary the main advantages and disadvantages of the topic being detailed.Nu bi khng yu cu a ra kin c nhn (vn ny tt hay xu, li hay hi) th

bn khng phi v khng nn a vo kin ca mnh. Sau khi c xong phn thn bi da vo nhngl l, dn chng m bn a ra, ngi c phi hnh thnh mt quan im ring cho mnh. Bn nnkhng nh li vn c c mt tt v mt xu, v tc ng ca n ph thuc ch yu vo cch chng takhai thc m thi.V d: To conclude, this solution is worth considering to improve the current situation, but there areadvantages and disadvantages of introducing such a policy.Language: Phrases to list advantages or disadvantages:Advantages:

- The first/main/greatest/most important advantage of . is .- One/another/an additional advantage of . is .- What makes stand out/important/ is - One/Another point in favor of . is .

Ch : dng bi Academic Writing, bn nn trnh nhng t informal nh Pros/Cons, pluspoints/minus points, pluses/minuses, Tuy nhin nhng t ny c th vn dng linh hot trong phn thini Speaking v Speaking part 1 rt informal, part 2 neutral/semiformal, cn part 3 th tng i formal.Nn nhng t informal c th vn dng part 1 v part 2.Disadvantages

- The first/main/greatest/ most serious disadvantage of . is .- One/another/an additional disadvantage of . is .- Another negative aspect of . is .

Sample:In order to solve traffic problems, governments should tax private car owners heavily and use themoney to improve public transportation.What are the advantages and disadvantages of such a solution?

(Topic) Traffic problems in many cities around the world are becoming more and moreserious. (Background Information) One possible solution to this problem is to impose heavy taxes on cardrivers and use this money to make public transport better. (Mentioning the areas covered in thebody) Such a measure has its own advantages and disadvantages.

(Topic sentence 1) It is clear that imposing heavy taxes on car drivers has some noteworthypositive effects. (Supporting idea 1) One of the first benefits of such a measure is that the heavytaxes would discourage car owners from using their cars because it would become very expensive to drive.This would mean that they would begin to make use of public transport instead, thus reducing trafficproblems and pollution as well. (Supporting idea 2) Another benefit would be that much more use wouldbe made of public transport if it were improved. It is often the case that public transport in cities is verypoor. For example, we often see old buses and trains that people would rather not use. High taxes couldgenerate enough money to make the necessary changes.

6(Topic sentence 2) Nevertheless, there are drawbacks to such a solution. (Supporting idea1) First and foremost, this might be a heavy burden on the car drivers. At present, taxes are already highfor a lot of people, and so further taxes would only mean less money at the end of the month for mostpeople who may have no choice but to drive every day. (Supporting idea 2) In addition, this type oftax would likely to be set at a fixed amount. This would mean that it would hit those with less moneyharder, whilst the rich could likely afford it. It is therefore not a fair tax.To conclude, this solution is worth considering to improve the current situation, but there are advantagesand disadvantages of introducing such a policy.

Cc dng v cch lm bi cho writing task 2I. Nhn din dng :Loi 1: Argument

Thng l dng cu hi sau cho 2 kin tri chiu v To what extend do you agree or disagreehoc what are you opinion on this Dng ny yu cu ngi vit phi ng v 1 quan im v bo vquan im c ni ln kin ca mnh. Vd: c ngi ni rng nghin cu v tr l khng cn thitnhng c ngi li ni rng n hu ch, bn c ng hay ko => chn 1 trong 2 quan im trn v bov n, c ni ln quan im ca mnh. Loi ny ra thng xuyn nht v n yu cu ngi vit phi cquan im ring ng no v yu cu kin thc x hi nhiuLoi 2: Discussing *Lu : d nhm ln vi loi 1 trn cng cho 2 kin tri chiu nhau nhng hiDiscuss these two views. Dng ny yu cu ngi vit phi m rng, gii thch 2 kin tri chiu nhau- ngha l ngi vit ch gii thch 2 m a ra khng ni ln kin ca mnh. Vd: c ngi nirng nghin cu v tr l khng cn thit nhng c ngi li ni rng n hu ch, bn hy cho bit quanim ca 2 kin trn l nh th noLoi 3: Advantages v Disadvantages dng : cho bit u v nhc im ca 1 xu hng no . Vd:hy cho bit u v nhc im ca vic pht trin du lch ngy nay.Loi 4: Causes and Effects / Causes and Solutions a ra 1 hin tng no , yu cu tm ra nhngnguyn nhn gy ra hin tng v nhng tc ng ca n / nguyn nhn v nhng gii php cho hintng Vd: ngy cng c nhiu ngi ri b vng qu ln thnh ph,, hy tm nhng nguyn nhndn ti xu hng ny v nhng tc ng ca n / hy tm ra nhng gii php hn ch hin tng nyII. Sn chung

1 bi essay hon chnh phi gm y c 3 phn (m bi, thn bi, kt lun) Nn nu trong lcvit bn ang vit d thn bi nhng sp ht gi th hy dng v vit ngay 1 ci kt cho bi vn, sau mi quay ln vit tip on cn d. Nh vy th tnh cht ch v lin mch s vn c m bo (ccyu t cn li l ng php cao, t vng rng v idea) 1 bi tt trong IELTS l bi c 4 on: 1 m bi, 1kt bi, 2 on body M bi v kt bi c trnh by phn sau ca guidlines ny. Thn bi tt cn c 2on. Mi on phi c 1 ch o chnh v c trnh by ngay cu u tin ca on, sau l ph gii thch cho chnh , tip theo l 1 v d cho ny, 1 cu kt thc on.III. Sn cho tng dng1. Loi 1: ArgumentA. M bi

V l dng tranh lun nn cn phi ni ln quan im ca mnh ngay trn m bi, thng lcu nm st cu cui cng. Cu cui cng l cu ni ln nhng kin support cho quan im ca ng vit(thng l 2 ), cu cui ny rt quan trng v nguyn phn body, gm 2 pagagraph phi gn b vi 2 kin ny 1 cch ln lt. Nu nh body m i lc khi 2 ny l sai v mt im. Nhng trong bi hng

7dn ny ti hng dn cc bn cch vit cu cui an ton, nh th c th pht trin body khng cnworries c b lc khi chnh xc nh hay khng. 1: Internet pht trin trn khp th gii v tr nn ph bin vi mi ngi. vy liu the internet slm mi ngi suy ngh v hnh ng nh nhau, quan im ca bn nh th no?The internet hasdeveloped around the world and become popular with all people. So, could it cause people to think and actthe same? What is your opinion?

The past 50 years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the availability of the Internet. It isindisputable (tranh lun) that it has brought significant benefits to our lives in many spheres such aseconomy and science. Yet, this raises a certain problem as to whether the Internet will cause its usersthroughout the world to think and act in the same way or not. While there are valid arguments to thecontrary, it is my position that the Internet is not capable of inducing (thuyt phc) people to think and actthe same. There are two reasons for my perspective on this 2: C ngi ni ht thuc khng tt v nn b cm hon ton, bn c ng khng. Some peopleargue that smoking should be banned because of its adverse effects on health. Do you agree or disagreewith this proposition?

The past 50 years have witnessed an increase in number of people who have died from smoking-related diseases. This raises a certain problem as to whether tobacco should be banned or not. While thereare valid arguments to the contrary, it is my position that tobacco and its products should indeed be madeillegal. There are two reasons for my perspective on this. 3: C ngi ni khng nn cu nhng con ng vt ang trn b vc tuyt chng v chng khng cch n vi cuc sng con ngi, bn c ng khng Some people argue that we should not rescue theanimals that are nearing extinction because they are not useful for human life.

The past 50 years have witnessed a significant increase in the number of animals that have becomeextinct out. This raises a certain problem as to whether humans should attempt to save endangered speciesor not.While there are valid arguments to the contrary, it is my position that they should in fact bepreserved. There are two reasons for my perspective about this.B. Thn bi:

Thn bi ca dng argument phi gm 2 support cho quan im (ng / khng ng ) nnngi chm thng nhn vo 2 cu u tiu ca 2 paragraph xem c ng sn hay khng. Sn hay vchun thng nh sau. Ch mi paragraph phi c 1 cu u l bao trm cho on. cc cu sau giithch cho ny, c 1 cu v d, v 1 cu kt. 1: Firstly, one point that is absolutely pivotal is the fact that individuals in reality have differentapproaches to reaching their opinions about certain problems. Although the Internet has connected manyisolated or less well developed communities to the modern world, each culture has its own values, whichstrongly impact its residents. Further, male and female naturally have distinct features, which mean theyfrequently do not respond identically to major issues. Especially in contemporary societies these days, theapproach to the right of freedom in publicly expression of opinions have been legitimized by legislation insome countries. The American legal system could be taken as a particularly salient example of this.

Equally importantly, the Internet has gained currency word wide. In spite of this fact, a vastamount of material on the internet is difficult to obtain.. The Internet is still constrained in several nationsdue to rigid government policies which restrict citizens from accessing sensitive information, which isoften considered illegal. Thus, it doesnt mean that the development of the Internet could result inuniformity of ideas and opinions. For instance, social networks such as Face book and Twitter have beenrecently prohibited unofficially in both Vietnam and China in an attempt to prevent changes in thepolitical conditions in these socialist countries.

8C. Kt bi: 1: In conclusion, I would agree that the Internet has placed the entire the world at our fingertips and itis fairly straightforward to access it. Nevertheless, uniformity of thought, speech or action is highlyunlikely to occur in the foreseeable future, given the differences in traits among people and the restrictionson the free flow of information in certain countries.LetterI. Addresses:1) Your Address

The return address should be written in the top right-hand corner of the letter.2) The Address of the person you are writing to

The inside address should be written on the left, starting below your address.II. Date:

Different people put the date on different sides of the page. You can write this on the right or theleft on the line after the address you are writing to. Write the month as a word.III. Salutation or greeting:1) Dear Sir or Madam,

If you do not know the name of the person you are writing to, use this. It is always advisable to tryto find out a name.2) Dear Mr Jenkins,

If you know the name, use the title (Mr, Mrs, Miss or Ms, Dr, etc.) and the surname only. If youare writing to a woman and do not know if she uses Mrs or Miss, you can use Ms, which is for marriedand single women.IV. Ending a letter:1) Yours faithfully

If you do not know the name of the person, end the letter this way.2) Yours sincerely

If you know the name of the person, end the letter this way.3) Your signature

Sign your name, then print it underneath the signature. If you think the person you are writing tomight not know whether you are male of female, put you title in brackets after your name.V. Content of a Formal Letter1. First paragraph

The first paragraph should be short and state the purpose of the letter- to make an inquiry,complain, request something, etc.

The paragraph or paragraphs in the middle of the letter should contain the relevant informationbehind the writing of the letter. Most letters in English are not very long, so keep the information to theessentials and concentrate on organizing it in a clear and logical manner rather than expanding too much.

92. Last ParagraphThe last paragraph of a formal letter should state what action you expect the recipient to take- to

refund, send you information, etc.

ESSAYC 3 loi essay trong Writing Task 2 l: Argumentative essay, discussion essay v account essay

(advantages-disadvantages-problem-cause- effect-solution).Mi loi c phn m-thn-kt bi vi cu trc khc nhau. Nhng c bn essay vn phi 3 phn

chnh: Intro- Body- ConclusionESSAY Type 1: [Advantages and disadvantages]o Intro:

General topic (fact/trend) Advantages and disadvantages Thesis statement

o Body: Advantage 1 (4-5 lines is suitable) Advantage 2 Disadvantage 1 Disadvantage 2

o Conclusion@V d:Intro: It is a fact that However, This essay will examine the pros and cons of.Body: The first and most obvious merit is that By this I mean,..

A futher possive aspect worth mentioning is that.Despite the above-mentioned benefits, there exist some shortcoming..In addition to this,.

Conclusion: From what has been discuss, it is obvious that.ESSAY Type 2: [Argumentative essay]>quan trng nht ca dng ny l Make sure you choose theside that you can fully supportIntroduction

- Introduce the topic with a general statement- State why it is important- State there is a difference of opinion about this topic- Thesis statement must state what YOUR claim is and can include the parts of the argument

you are going to state.

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Body: gm (tt nht) 3 on a ra lp lun ca c nhn v vn tranh lun. Cch sp xp cc: When audience is against you, begin with strongest; when audience is with you, begin withweakest

- Arguments for: The reasons parts of your thesis statement will be in your body paragraphs.- Give clear arguments for your claim with support (examples, statistics, explanations, etc.)- Use transition words as you move from paragraph to paragraph (Firstly, secondly, furthermore,

in addition, moreover, finally).- You can also use any of the transitions from the other essay types as long as they are

appropriate for your argument. (You may want to compare/contrast things, give reasons/results,descriptions, definitions etc.)Conclusion:- Restatement of thesis and supporting ideas. Make a prediction, a recommendation, or a summaryESSAY Type 3: [Discussion essay] ly t web, dng ny em cha hc nn cha bit rnh lm. Tuy nhin,cng search th v ra c ci format nh th ny, anh v Hiu tham kho nh

The topic of . has aroused public concern. Some people say that whilst others claim that . Itis quite natural that people from different backgrounds have their own opinions on the issue.To begin with, those who believe that . have cogent reasons for it. Idea 1, idea 2 , etc.Likewise, the statement above is not generally consisted as an accurate one to everybody since there alsosome people who do not advocate it. As regards their justification, a reason usually claimed by many ofthem to convince us is that.

In short, I firmly commit to the notion that Cc bn cng xem mt bi v d: In many countries, traditional foods are being replaced by

international fast food. Many people think that it is good to eat traditional foods while othersbelieve that fast food is a good choice. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Mi cc bn tham kho dn (Essay Plan) v nhng t, cm t (Phrases) cn thit cho mt bi DiscussionEssay.Essay Plan (Structure)1. Introduction:

- Introducing the topic.- Giving background information and Narrowing the topic.- Giving your point of view and mentioning the main areas covered in the essay.

2. Body- Paragraph 1: Side 1 Advantages. (about 2-3 Advantages)- Paragraph 2: Side 2 Advantages. (about 2-3 Adavantages)D l Discuss nhng bn khng nn cp n Disadvantages v thng thng Advantage ca

Side 1 s l Disadvantage ca Side 2. V d nh Advantage ca Traditional Food l healthy (tt cho sckho) th Disadantage ca Fast Food s l unhealthy (khng tt cho sc khe).

V th nu phn bn lun v Fast Food bn nu ra c Disadvantage s c th trng lp viAdvantage ca Fast Food.

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3. Conclusion:- State that both sides are good in some cases/ both sides are important: Bn phi tng kt li

rng c 2 kin tri chiu u c nhng mt ng ca n hoc u quan trng.- Your opinion: Which side is better?: Sau khi tng kt li, bn mi a ra kin c nhn: kin

no trong 2 kin cho tt hn.Cn ch rng bn ng a kin ch quan ca bn thn vo phn thn bi v phn thn bi

chng ta ang gii quyt v u tin ca cu hi (Discuss both views), xem xt vn mt cch khchquan nht. kin c nhn ch nn a ra phn kt bi. Tip theo, mnh s cng cc bn trao i mt scch vit, mu cu Impersonal rt khch quan c th dng cho phn thn bi.Language:Impersonal Phrases:- Some/many/most people | think/consider thatEx: Many people think that fast food is very convenient- It is widely believed thatEx: It is widely believed that eating fast food is not good for health.- It is possible/probable thatEx: It is possible that fast food will become much more popular in the future.- It can be argued thatEx: It can be argued that in some cases, fast food is better than traditional food.- It has been suggested thatEx: It has been suggested that people (should) not go out to eat too often.- Opponents of think/believe/claim thatEx: Opponents of fast food believe that it is not good for health at all.Phrases to list advantages:

Sau y mnh s a ra mt s cm t lit k nhng im ng, im mnh ca mt trong hai kin. Nhng cm t ny cng s hu dng trong dng bi Advantages and Disadvantages- The first/main/most important advantage of . is .Ex: The main advantage of fast food is its convenience.- One/ another/an additional advantage of . is .- What makes stand out/important/ is - One/Another point in favor of . is .Ex: Another point in favor of fast food is its convenience.Sample. Cc bn c bi lun mu v ch nhng phn c t m/gch chn nh!

TaskSome people believe the aim of university education is to help graduates get better jobs.Others believe there are much wider benefits of university education for both individuals andsociety.Discuss both views and give your opinion.

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These days, more and more people are making the choice to go to university. While some peopleare of the opinion that the only purpose of a university education is to improve job prospects,others think that society and the individual benefit in much broader ways.(Very clear thesis)

It is certainly true that one of the main aims of university is to secure a better job. Themajority of people want to improve their future career prospects and attending university is one of the bestways to do this as it increases a persons marketable skills and attractiveness to potential employers./ Inaddition, further education is very expensive for many people, so most would not consider it if it wouldnot provide them with a more secure future and a higher standard of living. Thus, job prospects are veryimportant.

However, there are other benefits for individuals and society. Firstly, the independence ofliving away from home is a benefit because it helps the students develop better social skills and improveas a person. A case in point is that many students will have to leave their families, live in halls ofresidence and meet new friends. As a result, their maturity and confidence will grow enabling them tolive more fulfilling lives./ Secondly, society will gain from the contribution that the graduates can maketo the economy. We are living in a very competitive world, so countries need educated people in order tocompete and prosper.

Therefore, I believe that although a main aim of university education is to get the best job,there are clearly further benefits. If we continue to promote and encourage university attendance, itwill lead to a better future for individuals and society.

Kinds of a paragraph (Cc dng on vn)1. ON VN NH NGHAnh ngha:on vn nh ngha l on vn c dng gii thch ng ngha, chc nng v ngun gc ca s vt,hin tng. Loi on vn ny c dng c trong vn hc thut v trong tiu thuyt. vit on vnnh ngha ngi vit nn tp trung vo vai tr ca ch trong vn cnh ri a ra kin ca mnh sau gii thch.V d:Mt on vn vit nh ngha v mt loi th nui.Nhng t sau c th gip bn vit mt on vn nh ngha t yu cu.1. "is defined as"V d: A pest is defined as any animal or plant that damages crops, forests, or property.2. "is a kind of"V d: A pest is a kind of animal or plant that damages crops, forests, or property.2. ON VN PHN LOInh nghaon vn phn loi l on vn c dng phn chia vn ca on vn theo nhng vn cnh c th.S phn loi y c th din ra nhiu mc . Th nht l ng ngha (so snh s khc nhau v ngha cacc vt) sau l v mt ngn ng v ngoi ra cn nhiu mt khc na.Khi vit on vn phn loi bn nn nhm nhng s vic hoc kin theo nhng phm tr c th. iu s gip on vn ca bn logic v khoa hc hn.V d: on vn vit tranh lun v hai ngun nng lng khc nhau.Nhng t sau c th gip bn vit mt on vn phn loi tt.

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Nhng t hu dng

is a kind of

can be divided into

is a type of

falls under

belongs to

is a part of

fits into

is grouped with

is related to

is associated with

V D

Coal is a kind of non-renewable resource.

Energy resources can be divided into two types.

Coal is a type of non-renewable resource.

Coal falls under the category of non-renewable resources.

Coal belongs to the category of non-renewable resources.

Coal is a part of the category of non-renewable resources.

Coal fits into the category of non-renewable resources.

Coal is grouped with non-renewable resources.

Coal is related to other non-renewable resources.

Coal is associated with other non-renewable resources.

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3. ON VNMIU Tnh ngha

on vn miu t l on vn c dng t ngi, a im hoc s vt, gip bn mng tngtrong u mt s hnh nh v nhng g ang din ra. Thng thng nhng on vn miu t c xu hngtp trung vo hnh ng (c th hin bng ng t) hn l cm gic (c biu t bng trng t vtnh t). Ngoi ra on vn miu t nn c vit mt cch r rng, chi tit v c a ra theo trnh tthi gian.

V d: on vn vit miu t gu Bc cc hay mt on vn vit tiu t v tr a l caCanada.

Nhng t sau c th gip bn vit mt on vn miu t tt:

ctnh Kch thc

S tngt V tr

size length is like in

colour width resembles above

shape mass/weight below

purpose speed beside

near

north/east/south/west

V D

c tnh

Polar bears are big in size.

Polar bears are usually white in colour.

Polar bears have a special shape.

The purpose of the polar bear's fur is to keep it warm.

Kch thc

The length of a polar bear's claws is 20 cm.

The width of a polar bear's head is about 50 cm.

Polar bears weigh up to 650 kg.

Polar bears can swim at a speed of 40 km per hour.

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S tng tA polar bear is like other bears in shape.

A polar bear resembles other bears in shape.

V tr

Most of Canada's manufacturing is located in Ontario andQuebec.

The ceiling is above us.

Most of Ontario is below Hudson Bay.

Quebec is located beside Ontario.

Many companies are located near Toronto.

Ontario is west of Quebec.

4. ON VN SO SNHnh nghaon vn so snh l on vn c dng a ra nhng im tng ng v khc bit gia ngi, aim, s vt v kin.V d: on vn vit so snh thi tit Vancouver v Halifax.Nhng t sau c th gip bn vit mt on vn so snh tt:

Nhng t hu ch ch

im tng ng im khc bit

Nhng lin t ngn Nhng lin t ngn

is similar to however

Similarly, ..., but

Likewise, ..., yet

...the same... in contrast

...the same as... By contrast,

both

also

16

too

as well

Cch biu t di hn Nhng lin t ph thuc

In the same way, On the other hand,

X is similar to Y in that even though

X and Y are similar in that (they)... although

Like X, Y ... differs from

In like manner, unlike

One way in which X is similar to while

Another way in which X is similar to Y is(that)...

whereas

nevertheless

V D

im tng ng

Spring weather in Vancouver is similar to spring weatherin Halifax.

Both Vancouver and Halifax have rain in the spring.

Halifax also has a rainy spring season.

Halifax has a rainy spring season, too.

As well, Halifax has rainy spring season.

im khc bit

On the other hand, winter is much colder in Halifax.

However, winter is much colder in Halifax.

Vancouver has a mild winter, but Halifax has a cold one.

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In contrast to Vancouver, Halifax has a cold winter.

Halifax differs from Vancouver by having a cold winter.

While Vancouver has a mild winter, Halifax has a coldwinter.

5. ON VN TNG THUTnh ngha

on vn tng thut l on vn c dng k cho ngi c nhng iu din ra trong cuchuyn.on vn tng thut c dng ph bin nht trong tiu thuyt. Chng thng bao gm tt c cc yu tcn thit cho s pht trin ca hnh ng nh: ngi gi vai tr chnh, s b tr, s sp t, mc ch, mctiu, s tr ngi, nh im v s gii quyt. Chnh v vy on vn tng thut thng yu cu ngi vitsp xp s kin theo th t lin tc hoc theo trnh t thi gian. Phn thn ca on vn tng thutthng gm nhiu yu t nhng nu vit ng cch, nt ni bt ca on vn s l hnh ng ch khngphi l miu t.V d:Mt on vn a ra qu trnh mt ngi tr thnh th tng.

Nhng t sau c th gip bn vit mt on vn tng thut tt:

Nhng t hu dng

Theo th t Theo thi gian

first, second, third,etc. recently

in the beginning previously

before afterwards

then when

after after

finally

at last

subsequently

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V D

Theo th t

First, you need to become a leader of a politicalparty. Second, you need to win a seat in the House ofCommons. Third, your party must have a majority of seats.

In the beginning, you need to become a leader of a politicalparty.

Before becoming the prime minister, you need to become theleader of a political party.

Then, you must win a seat in the House of Commons.

After winning a seat in the House of Commons, you must makesure you have a majority of seats.

Finally, after all these steps, you can call yourself the primeminister.

At last, you can call yourself the prime minister.

Subsequently, you must make sure you have a majority of seatsin the House of Commons.

Theo thi gian

She was recently elected prime minister.

She is the new prime minister. Previously, she worked as alawyer in Toronto.

She won the party leadership last year. Afterwards, she won theelection.

When she won the party leadership, she was still working as alawyer.

After winning a seat in the House of Commons, you must makesure you have a majority of seats.

6. ON VN LA CHNnh ngha

on vn la chn l on vn m bn cn phi quyt nh s la chn i tng, tng hochnh ng no m bn thch. Thng thng bn s cn a ra kin ca bn v s la chn ca mnh(hnh ng hoc hin tng).V d: Mt on vn vit ni xem bn s thch chi khc cn cu hay lacrosse (mn th thao dng vt bt v nm bng).

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Nhng t sau c th gip bn vit mt on vn tng thut tt:

Nhng t hu dng

Quan im kin c nhn

in my opinion like/dislike

belief hope

idea feel

understanding

I think that

I consider

I believe

it seems to me

I prefer

V D

Quan im

In my opinion, hockey is more fun than lacrosse.

My belief is that hockey is more fun than lacrosse.

My idea is that hockey is more fun than lacrosse.

My understanding is that hockey is more fun thanlacrosse.

I think that I would prefer to play hockey and not lacrosse.

I consider hockey to be more exciting than lacrosse.

I believe hockey is more exciting than lacrosse.

It seems to me that hockey is more exciting than lacrosse.

I prefer hockey over lacrosse.

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kin c nhn

I like the sport of hockey because it is fast and exciting.

I hope that I can play hockey in the future.

I feel that hockey is my favorite sport.

7. ON VN GII THCHnh ngha

on vn gii thch l on vn m trong bn cn phi gii thch hoc a ra l do xy ra svic no . Thng thng trong cc chuyn ngnh nghin cu v x hi bn s cu phi tm hiu nguynnhn v kt qu ca mt s kin no .V d: Mt on vn vit gii thch ti sao c rt nhiu ngi Chu u di c n Canada trong khongth k 19.Nhng t sau c th gip bn vit mt on vn gii thch tt:

Nhng t hu dng

Nguyn nhn Kt qu

because therefore

since thus

as a result of consequently

is due to hence

it follows that

if . . . then

V D

Nguynnhn

People moved to Canada from Europe during the nineteenthcenturybecause they had poor living conditions in Europe.

Since living conditions in Europe were terrible, many peoplemoved to Canada.

People moved to Canada from Europe as a result of poor living

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conditions in Europe.

The large influx of people to Canada was due to economicpressures in Europe.

Kt qu

Living conditions in Europe were terrible. Therefore, manypeople moved to Canada for a better life.

Living conditions in Europe were terrible. Thus, many peoplemoved to Canada for a better life.

Living conditions were terrible in Europe. Consequently, manypeople moved to Canada.

Living conditions were terrible in Europe. Hence, many peoplemoved to Canada.

Living conditions were terrible in Europe. It follows that manypeople moved to Canada.

If living conditions were better in Europe, then fewer peoplewould have moved to Canada.

8. ON VN NH GInh nghaon vn nh gi l on vn m trong bn s a ra li nhn xt, nh gi ca bn v ngi, kinhoc nhng hnh ng c th xy ra. Bn cn phi nh gi da trn nhng tiu chun nht nh. Khi vitdng on vn ny bn c th a ra li nh gi v gi trc ri cng c nhng kin bng ccha ra h tiu chun ca bn.V d:Mt on vn vit nh gi xem c nn s dng thuc tr su vo vic trng trt hay khng.Nhng t sau c th gip bn vit mt on vn gii thch tt:

Nhng t hu dng

Tiu chun nh gi S gi

good / bad suggest

correct / incorrect recommend

moral / immral advise

right / wrong argue

important / trivial

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V D

Tiuchun

The use of pesticides such as DDT is bad for the environment.

The belief that pesticides must be used is incorrect.

The use of pesticides to control pests is immoral because itharms the environment.

It is wrong to use pesticides because they harm theenvironment.

The issue of pesticides is an important one because it affectsthe environment.

S gi

I suggest that pesticides should not be used to control pests.

I recommend that pesticides should not be used because theyare harmful to the environment.

I would advise farmers not to use pesticides if possible.

I would argue that pesticides should not be used because theyharm the environment.

BI TP THC HNH: Cc bn hy xc nh dng ca nhng on vn di y.

1. The WikiAnswers site is a colorful place. Bright oranges, blues, andgreens entice the eye and make you want to look around and see what isthere. Little cartoon aliens decorate the site and point to interestingthings. Clicking on the buttons and arrows make new pages pop up, ormake things change around.

2. The writer pauses to consider what the students need to know, thenwrites another sentence. These sentences all lead the reader toward theidea that a paragraph is just a way of communicating. After the writerfinishes this paragraph, there will be another that needs to be written.The writer glances at the clock on the wall. Will there be enough time?

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3. "Americans can be divided into three groups--smokers, nonsmokers andthat expanding pack of us who have quit. Those who have never smokeddon't know what they're missing, but former smokers, ex-smokers,reformed smokers can never forget. We are veterans of a personal war,linked by that watershed experience of ceasing to smoke and by thetemptation to have just one more cigarette. For almost all of us ex-smokers, smoking continues to play an important role in our lives. Andnow that it is being restricted in restaurants around the country and willbe banned in almost all indoor public places in New York State startingnext month, it is vital that everyone understand the different emotionalstates cessation of smoking can cause. I have observed four of them; andin the interest of science I have classified them as those of the zealot, theevangelist, the elect and the serene. Each day, each category gains newrecruits."(Franklin Zimring, "Confessions on an Ex-Smoker," Newsweek

4. Paragraphs are like conversations. Each conversation is a series ofstatements, questions, or explanations that pass along information. Eachparagraph is also a series of sentences that pass along information. Aparagraph is different from a conversation because a paragraph can beedited and changed after you write it down, and a conversation can't betaken back once you have spoken the words.

5. In order to write a paragraph, first you think about what you want tosay. Pretend that you are explaining things to your friends, or to ayounger person. Try to explain in simple terms that are easy to follow.Once you have thought about it, start writing down what you would sayout loud. That's all you need to do to write a paragraph.

6. A definition tells you what a word or term means. This paragraph tellsyou what a defining paragraph is, so this paragraph is a definingparagraph about defining paragraphs! When you define something, youwant to use simple words so that your reader will understand what youare saying.

7. My most valuable possession is an old, slightly warped blond guitar--thefirst instrument I taught myself how to play. It's nothing fancy, just aMadeira folk guitar, all scuffed and scratched and finger-printed. At thetop is a bramble of copper-wound strings, each one hooked through theeye of a silver tuning key. The strings are stretched down a long, slimneck, its frets tarnished, the wood worn by years of fingers pressing

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chords and picking notes. The body of the Madeira is shaped like anenormous yellow pear, one that was slightly damaged in shipping. Theblond wood has been chipped and gouged to gray, particularly wherethe pick guard fell off years ago. No, it's not a beautiful instrument, butit still lets me make music, and for that I will always treasure it.

8. Paraphrasing is used for different purposes. Some paraphrases will bedesignated to support already existing evidence. Others will reinforceargumentation against evidence. Still others will help to develop existingarguments and provide back-up for any conclusion drawn in the courseof writing. Depending on the function, paraphrases will be introduced inaccordance with their unique context. Quotations require yet anotherapproach. They are not self-expressive because every quotation cansignify a number of different things in various contexts. It is both theintroduction and the commentary that follows it which decides about itscontext and the ultimate meaning of a given citation in an essay.Paraphrasing quotations - changing the original words or sense is notallowed.

9. Even though Arizona and Rhode Island are both states of the U.S., theyare strikingly different in many ways. For example, the physical size ofeach state is different. Arizona is large, having an area of 114,000square miles, whereas Rhode Island is only about a tenth the size,having an area of only 1,214 square miles. Another difference is in thesize of the population of each state. Arizona has about four millionpeople living in it, but Rhode Island has less than one million. The twostates also differ in the kinds of natural environments that each has. Forexample, Arizona is a very dry state, consisting of large desert areasthat do not receive much rainfall every year. However, Rhode Island islocated in a temperate zone and receives an average of 44 inches of rainper year. In addition, while Arizona is a landlocked state and thus hasno seashore, Rhode Island lies on the Atlantic Ocean and does have asignificant coastline.

10. A definition tells you what a word or term means. This paragraph tellsyou what a defining paragraph is, so this paragraph is a definingparagraph about defining paragraphs! When you define something, youwant to use simple words so that your reader will understand what youare saying.

1.StructuresStructures

2.UsefulexpressionsforgivingyourpointofvIntroductiona.Introducingthetopicb.GivingbackgroundinformationandNarrowingthec.Givingyourpointofviewandmentioningthema

BodyFirstBodyParagraph:SecondBodyParagraph:Thirdbodyparagraph:Conclusion

EssayPlan(Structure)1.Introduction:2.Body3.Conclusion:

Language:PhrasestolistadvantagesordisadvantaAdvantages:Disadvantages

Sample:Ccdngvcchlmbichowritingtask2EssayPlan(Structure)1.Introduction:2.Body3.Conclusion:

Language:ImpersonalPhrases:Phrasestolistadvantages:

Sample.CcbncbilunmuvchnhngphTask