Cabin Crew

Competency–Based

Training

Cherie Ann Khalil & Hew Sek Moy

Senior Aviation Safety Inspectors

(Airworthiness/Flight Operations Division)

31 August 2016

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Presentation Agenda

Overview of ICAO’s Cabin Crew Competency Framework

Transitioning from Traditional to Competency-Based Training

Benefits and Challenges in developing Competency-Based Training

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Overview of ICAO’s Cabin Crew

Competency Framework Overview of ICAO Standards and

Overview of ICAO Training Standards /

Cabin Crew Safety Training Manual (Doc

10002)

General concepts of Competency-based

Training and Assessments

Development Process/ Components of the

Competency Framework / 5 ‘Pieces’ of the

Framework

Overview of Management Aspects of the

Training Programme & Training Facilities

and Devices

Overview of ICAO Training Standards

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ICAO Annexes contain Standard and Recommended Practices (SARPs) Adopted by Council of ICAO

The following Annexes comprised SARPsrelated to Cabin Safety:

Annex 6 Part I – Operation of Aircraft, Part I – International Commercial Air Transport – Aeroplanes

Annex 8 – Airworthiness of Aircraft

Annex 13 – Accident and Incident Investigation

Annex 18 – The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air

Annex 19 – Safety Management

ICAO Cabin Crew Safety Training Manual (Doc 10002)

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Generic, Adaptable

Content and contains the Competency Framework

Regulators - to use for approving

training programmes

Not sole means to meet regulatory

requirements

Operators – to tailor to their operational

needs

Suggested syllabus for initial and recurrent training progammes

Not all-inclusive –there may be other

means of compliance

Competency Based Programmes

General concepts of Competency-based Training & Assessments

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Emphasis on job performance

Design and content is influenced

by the outcomes of the course

development methodology for e.g.

Instructional Systems Design

(ISD) methodologies

Acquire standards to meet

qualifications of licence, (if

applicable), qualification to operate

as a cabin crew or to operate on a

certain aircraft type

Embedded in national regulations

Standards are expressed in

quantitative terms and

implemented to prescribed training

programme inputs

Design and content is influenced

by Regulator’s testing criteria and

methods

Traditional Programmes

Designed around identified

competencies derived from a

detailed and accurate job/task

analysis

Standards are performance

oriented. Progressive building and

integration of skills and knowledge

to a prescribed job performance

standard - an outcomes focused

training

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Instructional Systems Design (ISD):

Example of ICAO’s Course Development

ICAO Doc 9868 – Procedure for Air Navigation Services Training - Attachment to

Chapter 2

General concepts of Competency-based Training & Assessments

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Prescribed Specific job performance standard

Training – Attainment of a combination of required

knowledge, skills & attitudes

Reconciliation - knowledge & skills to observable and

measurable specific competency performance

Assessments - Measurement

that competencies are

demonstrated to specific job

performance standard

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Development Process – The Competency Framework

Process of Consensus

ICAO Cabin Safety Group (ICSG) –

International Representation

Baseline Competencies Internationally agreed upon

Definition of Training

competencies

To effectively perform duties for all phases of flight

To effectively manage the

expected and the unexpected

2 –Step Approach

Defined the Competencies

(competency unit, element, criteria)

to achieve

Decided the specific

requirements of training and assessments

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Development Process - Understanding the Framework

Expert

Performance building

progressively towards excellence

Non-Technical competencies -(skills) transportable,

observable and measureable actions

Technical competencies – job requirements

Consists of Competency Units, Competency Elements and Performance Criteria

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• Discrete function consisting of a number of competency elements

Competency unit

• Task with triggering & terminating events setting limits and providing observable outcomes

Competency Element

• Simple / evaluative statement that describes the criteria to judge if the required level of performance has been achieved

Performance Criteria

• Operations Manuals, course notes, etc.

Reference Material

• In-Charge Crew specific duties – with multi-fleet &multi-crew operations, aircraft type, etc.

Duties Assigned to In-Charge Crew

Components of the Competency Framework

Other Factors to be Considered in the Implementation of 5

Components of the Competency Framework

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Methods of training - Classroom and/or computer based, hands-on, etc.

Required to competently meet the jobperformance standards

To effect competency performance through “soft” skills e.g. teamwork, communication, decision-making, time/work management skills

Conditions

Knowledge

Skills

5 Pieces of the Framework Plus the Required Additional

Competencies

Security

Threats

Normal

Operations

Abnormal &

Emergency

Situations

Dangerous

GoodsCabin Health

and First Aid

Cabin crew Skills - Non-

technical competencies

Competencies of the Training

Programme Developer,

Cabin Crew Instructor &

Cabin Crew Examiner

Content of Doc 10002 – in relation to the

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Cabin

Health and

Frist Aid

Abnormal &

Emergency

Situations

Security

Threats

Dangerous

Goods

Normal

Operations

Overview of Management Aspects of the Training Programme

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Key Personnel Needed

Cabin crew Training Manager

Training ProgrammeDevelopers

Instructors and

Examiners

Qualifications

According with national regulations

According to Operator’s

requirements

Training delivery methods

Various methods and

subject to continuous

improvement

Training devices & facilities

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Training Facilities and Devices

Classroom Training

Balance between independent learning and supervised training

CBT or Distance Training

Incorporate learning management system which ensures learning is achieved, recorded and validated

SimulatedGroup ScenarioIndividual Scenario

Hands-on Actual handling of equipment

Overall the programme should consider appropriateness to

subject matter, the trainees’ age, cultural background & language proficiency.

Training Facilities and Devices

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Many Types of

Training Devices

Realistic

Effective

Conducive

Managing Training Programme – Scenario Training

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Aircraft type

Phase of flight

Able to provide a realistic environment

Determine number of participants and their roles

Define Triggers & Distractors & Crew Responses

Set Scene and Objectives

Participants -Operating Required

numbers & Roles

‘Passengers’ trying to evacuate

with luggage

Realistic -environment and

equipment

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Transitioning from Traditional to

Competency-Based Training

What the transition entails

Communicating the transition

What it means to the Regulator

What it means to the Operator

Transitioning from Traditional to Competency-based Training

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Training methodology - To achieve the

required competencies

Use ISD MethodologyScope of the training

programme, new

training documentation

checklists, learning

guides, training

apparatus - more data-

driven, etc.

Transition

Operator’s Training Programme

Developer, Instructors,

Examiners, Cabin Crew Transition Planning – develop

Implementation plan factoring work

involved and resources required

Change…What and Why? Change…Who?

Change…How and When?

Change…Where?

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Communicating the Transition

• Communicate with stakeholders -

Seminars, workshops

Consultative Meetings, publications/ website

• Develop communication plan -Internal/external

Provide clear roadmap for implementation

Transitioning from Traditional to Competency-based Training

Transitioning - Traditional to Competency-based Training

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Define approval / oversight programme

Develop tools to be used

Adjust Workplan - as part of collaborative

approach

Need to review other legislative

requirements

What it Means for Regulators

Transitioning - Traditional to Competency-based Training

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Staff Training

Do an analysis, design and

production and evaluation

Develop and Determine Training

Programme

Tailor to Operator’s Needs - operational

set-up

What it Means for Operators

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Benefits and Challenges in

Developing Competency-Based Training

Regulator

Operator

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THE BENEFITS…..REGULATOR

Collaborative

Partnership

Alignment of

Expectations

Shared

Approach

and Vision

More

Equitable

Oversight

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THE BENEFITS…..OPERATOR

Evolving &

InnovativeClear

Outcome/

Deliverables

Everyone set up

for success

Focused and

Quality

Training

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THE BENEFITS…..OPERATOR (CABIN CREW)

Many

Opportunities Transferable

Training

Integrated

Training

Constructive

and

Cooperative

Operator

Challenges of Competency-based Training & Assessments

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Develop and Implement a

Communication Plan

Trainees’ Apathy

Need to train relevant staff

Implementation may need to be

phased in

Communication Plan –

Consultative approach

Develop Training of Inspector

Oversight – More Resource

Intensive

Monitor Process vs Product

Regulator

Shifting of Inspector’s Role –

Additional Training

Resource Intensive

Consistency of Training Needs

Summary

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Cabin Crew Competency Training

Air Operators:

Adopt Competency-

based training

methodology

Design training to

cater to operational

scenarios

Ensure safety

standards are

competently

achieved and displayed

Cabin Crew:

Acquire

knowledge/skills

and translate them

to observable and

measurable

competent

performance

standards

Regulators:

Collaborative effort

More Flexible – as

emphasis on

concept and

processes to

shared end-goal

Shift in role in

surveillance

oversight

More performance

based regulations

Finally…

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Air Operators & Cabin CrewThe Regulator

Successful Implementation of Cabin Crew

Competency-based Training Requires A

Tripartite Buy-in

References:

• ICAO - Cabin Crew Safety Training Manual – Doc 10002

• ICAO – Manual of Evidenced-Based Training – Doc 9995

• ICAO – Procedures for Air Navigation Services - Doc 9868

Special Thanks to Mr Martin Maurino,

Safety, Efficiency and Operations Officer, Air Navigation Bureau

International Civil Aviation Organization

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Thank you