C O A L

CABARTEJA, Chenny JoyHAMAK, Meynard

LUCIANO, Aebeedec JohnMACABANDING, Jameen

SUIZO, Aaron Kris

WHERE DOES COAL COME FROM?

These plants soaked up the sun’s energy while they were alive and stored this energy in their leaves, stems, and roots.

After these plants died, they fell down into the marshy water. Then the water and mud pressed them down for millions of years. This turned them into a rock-like material called coal.

After we mine this coal from the ground, we can burn it in a coal-fired power plant. The heat it releases boils water into steam. The steam then turns a turbine, making electricity.

Coal is a fossil fuel. It was formed from plants that were alive before the dinosaurs – 300 million years Ago.

BACKGROUND – Coal Conversion Technology

HOW DOES COAL POWER PLANT PRODUCE ELECTRICITY..?

Stage 1The first conversion of energy takes place in the boiler. Coal is burnt in the boiler furnace to produce heat. Carbon in the coal and Oxygen in the air combine to produce Carbon Dioxide and heat.

HOW DOES COAL POWER PLANT PRODUCE ELECTRICITY..?

Stage 2The second stage is the thermodynamic process.

STAGE - 2

Condenser

The heat from combustion of the coal boils water in the boiler to produce steam. In modern power plant, boilers produce steam at a high pressure and temperature.

The steam is then piped to a turbine.

The high pressure steam impinges and expands across a number of sets of blades in the turbine.

The impulse and the thrust created rotates the turbine.

The steam is then condensed and pumped back into the boiler to repeat the cycle.

HOW DOES COAL POWER PLANT PRODUCE ELECTRICITY..?

Stage 3In the third stage, rotation of the turbine rotates the generator rotor to produce electricity based of Faraday’s Principle of electromagnetic induction.

Coal Power Plants in the PHILIPPINES

Sual Coal Power Plant

ADVANTAGESCoal can be found in lots of places in the world.

Coal is a relatively cheap energy source.

Coal can be easily transported to the power stations.

DISADVANTAGESTo dig up coal, we have to create mines which can be dangerous and not very nice to look at.

Transporting coal by lorry and train from the mine to the power station causes pollution.

Burning coal produces polluting gases like sulphur dioxide which make acid rain.

Of all energy sources, burning coal releases the most greenhouse gases which may add to global warming.

Chances of Mine accidents i.e., methane gas explosions, violence fueled by labor strikes, and respiratory ailments-primarily Black Lung Disease.

DISADVANTAGESCoal is a non-renewable source and will run out in about 100 years.

Coal miners can be affected by black lung disease or pneumoconiosis and also emphysema ifthey breathe in too much of the coal dust.

“Despite the disadvantages, coal is still very popular in its use as power plant fuel and continues to provide electricity to this power hungry planet.”

Coal to Electricity

Coal-burning produces:

acid rain

sulfur oxide emission

carbon dioxide emission

poorer land

 hazardous waste

Hazardous!!!

Do you believe that…

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Regulations and environmental awareness have helped to improve the coal industry, but problems still exist. Newer operations have been employing positive environmental techniques including

and land reclamation.

cogeneration,

clean coal technologies,

Cogeneration plants (cogens) use coal as a fuel for both

power. heat

and

In a cogen plant, as the steam turns the turbine, it also provides direct heat to another user. Among the beneficiaries of the cogens’ heat are prisons, fish farms and greenhouses.

Cogeneration

Clean coal technologies (CCTs), encouraged by a government and industry initiative that began in 1984, help to reduce the emission of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, mercury, a host of other elements, and to a lesser extent, carbon dioxide.

Coal gasification, is an advanced clean coal technology, which uses a coal conversion process. Coal, combined with steam and oxygen, is heated at high temperatures. This process changes it into synthesized gas. By using this process, 99% of the sulfur content can be removed from the coal.

Even as new CCTs are being studied, efforts are being made to reclaim land and water damaged by the coal industry. Land reclamation programs funded by government sources, coal operators, and private organizations are many and varied. In one example, waste-coal processing facilities use the alkaline ash, (residue from the combustion process) to fill surface mine and underground mine sites. After surface mines are filled, the land is restored.