CA THEORY (Transfer Claim L1-L2)

applied to MORPHOLOGICAL PARADIGMS)

Phonology to morphologyContrastive analysis in morphologicalconstructions in English and Spanish

COURSE: INGL 4235

PROF. ANÍBAL MUÑOZ CLAUDIO

TUESDAYS & THURSDAYS

3:00-4:20 P.M. ROOM: LCS 101

www1.uprh.edu/animun (YOU CAN ALWAYS FIND PPP’S HERE!)

CA THEORY (Transfer Claim L1-L2)

applied to MORPHOLOGICAL PARADIGMS)

• NOUN PHRASES

• ADJECTIVE AND ADVERBIAL PHRASES (COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES)

• VERB PHRASES a. infinitive and gerund forms

b. transitive verbs (regular and irregular)

c. CA considerations in paradigms when conjugating

d. modals

Example of a sentence

• The beautiful girl was wearing a hat. NP VP NP

det. Adj. N aux. V. det. N

Noun Phrases

• A noun phrase is made up of any of the following combinations:

• N=noun (or personal pronoun)

• Det + N =determiner + noun (a, an, the, this, that, these, those, possessives,numbers and quantifiers,

indefinite

• Det. + adj. +N. determiner/adjective/noun

NOUN PHRASES

ENGLISH

hat

SPANISH

sombrero

hats sombreros

the hat

the hats

el sombrero

los sombreros

Morphemes of

Number & gender

Morphemes of number and gender fit the paradigms

in Spanish determinersdeterminers

Noun phrases paradigmsThe

hats

These

Those

My

Your

Some

few

Several

Many

Our

Both

los

sombreros

estosaquellos / esos

mis

tus

algunos

pocos

varios

muchos

nuestros

ambos

English Spanish

What about her hat and his hat?

• her hat el sombrero de ella

• his hat el sombrero de él

• their hat el sombrero de ellos (as)

• her hats los sombreros de ella

• his hats los sombreros de él

• their hats los sombreros de ellas (os)

Practice exercises

girl

Practice exercises

girls

Practice exercises

beautiful girl

Practice with the following sentence in English and Spanish!

• Divide the sentence by its constituents (NPs, VP’s).• Indicate all the morphemes found (inflectional

and/or derivational paradigms).• Construct the morphological paradigms for each

constituent.• Find the differences between the two languages

Jimmy’s friend studied for his English exam.

ADJECTIVAL AND ADVERBIAL PHRASES

MORPHOLOGICAL PARADIGMS IN COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS

English sentences:

Liza is a tall girl.

Martha is taller than Liza.

Sandra is the tallest girl.

Sandra is intelligent.

Liza is more intelligent than Sandra.

Martha is the most intelligent girl.

MORPHOLOGICAL PARADIGMS IN COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE

FORMS

Spanish sentencesLiza es una niña alta.Martha es más alta que Liza.Sandra es la más alta (la niña más alta).Sandra es inteligente.Liza es más inteligente que Sandra.Martha es la más inteligente de las tres.

ADJECTIVAL AND ADVERBIAL PHRASES

MORPHOLOGICAL PARADIGMS IN COMPARATIVE FORMS

ENGLISH

(one syllable / true adjectives*)

SPANISH

tall - taller alto –más alto

cold -colder frio –más frio

big -bigger grande –más grande

old -older viejo –más viejo

young -younger joven –más joven

Morphemes

er /más

ADJECTIVAL AND ADVERBIAL PHRASES

MORPHOLOGICAL PARADIGMS IN COMPARATIVE FORMS

ENGLISH(two or more than one syllable)

SPANISH

intelligent –more intelligent – más inteligente

important –more important -más importante

beautiful –more beautiful –más hermoso (a)

powerful –more powerful –más poderoso (a)

expensive –more expensive -más caro (a)

Morphemes

more más

ADJECTIVAL AND ADVERBIAL PHRASES

MORPHOLOGICAL PARADIGMS IN COMPARATIVE FORMS

ENGLISH(two syllables ending in Y)

SPANISH

ugly –uglier – más feo (a)

pretty -prettier -más hermoso (a)

heavy -heavier –más pesado (a)

friendly -friendlier –más amigable

hungry -hungrier -más hambriento (a)

Morphemes

er más

ADJECTIVAL AND ADVERBIAL PHRASES

MORPHOLOGICAL PARADIGMS IN SUPERLATIVE FORMS

ENGLISH(one syllable adjectives)

SPANISH

tall –the tallest – lo más alto

strong –the strongest -la más fuerte

slow – the slowest –el más lento

fast –the fastest –la más rápida

dark –the darkest -lo más oscuro

Morphemes

est lo/el/la

más

ADJECTIVAL AND ADVERBIAL PHRASES

MORPHOLOGICAL PARADIGMS IN SUPERLATIVE FORMS

ENGLISH(two or more syllables adjectives)

SPANISH

the most dangerous – lo más peligroso

the most interesting -el más interesante

the most ridiculous –el más ridículo

the most talkative –la más habladora

the most conservative -lo más conservador

Morphemes

the most lo/el/la

más

Practice exercises1. Provide the comparative and superlative form

for the following words in both English and Spanish:

ENGLISH COMP. SUPER. SPANISH COMP. SUPER.

dry

crazy

smart

arrogant

good

bad

boring

tough

soft

Practice exercises cont. Using the information provided, construct sentences to

indicate the morphological paradigms of comparative and superlative forms in both English and Spanish. Explain the morphological and syntactical differences.

Det. N VP det. qual. Adj. conj. NP

The BMW is a very expensive car.

The Porsche is more expensive than the BMW.

The Viper is the most expensive car.

Example: BMW =40,000 / Porsche = 50,000 / Viper =70,000

Information

1. Math / Chemistry / Physics (difficult courses)

2. Thailand / Egypt / China (exotic countries)

3. Halloween / Scream / Nightmare on Elm Street (scary movies)