Properties of MatterC.4.A: Chemical and Physical

C.4.B: Intensive versus Extensive

Properties of MatterRemember that Matter is anything that has

both mass and volume (ie…takes up space)Properties are characteristics that enable us

to distinguish one kind of matter from another.

Physical PropertiesPhysical properties can be observed or measured

without changing the composition of matter. Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter.Examples of Physical Properties

Odor Color Density - The mass of a substance divided by its

volume Luster - How shiny a substance is. Malleability - The ability of a substance to be beaten

into thin sheets. Ductility - The ability of a substance to be drawn into

thin wires.

Physical Properties cont.More Examples of Physical Properties

Hardness - How easily a substance can be scratched.

Melting/Freezing Point - The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are in equilibrium.

Boiling Point - The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the pressure on the liquid

Conductivity - The ability of a substance to allow the flow of energy or electricity.

Chemical PropertiesChemical properties of matter describe

its "potential" to undergo some chemical change or reaction by virtue of its composition. These properties cannot be tested with changing the composition of the substances.Examples of Chemical Properties

Reactivity – The ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction

Ionization – The ability of a substance to exhibit a positive or negative charge.

Combustibility – The ability for a substance to burn

Intensive Properties Intensive Properties – Properties of

matter that are not dependent on the amount of matter.Examples of intensive properties

Temperature Color Hardness melting point boiling point pressure density

Extensive PropertiesExtensive Properties – Properties of

matter that are dependent on the amount of matter.Examples of extensive properties

Mass Volume Length

DensityDensity is the measurement of how tightly packed

matter is. Since the amount of matter is mass and the space it occupies is volume, we can calculate the density of matter using the following equation:Mass is measured in grams (g). Volume is measured in units of

length cubed (cm3) or units of volume (mL). Either can be used because one milliliter is defined as one cubic centimeter (cm3).

MassDensity = -----------

Volume

VolumeThe volume of an object is

calculated by multiplying the measurements of length, height, and width. What happens when the object is irregular in shape and length, height, or width cannot be measured using a ruler?The technique most commonly used

is water displacement. By finding the volume of water that is displaced by the matter the volume of the matter can be determined because it is the matter displacing the water.