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C2.5 Exothermic and
Endothermic Reactions
C2.5 Exothermic and endothermic
reactionsChemical reactions involve energy transfers.
Many chemical reactions involve the release of
energy. For other chemical reactions to occur,
energy must be supplied.
BTEOTSSSBAT:
Know the difference between endothermic and
exothermic reactions
Know some example of endothermic and
exothermic reactions
Key terms
Reaction
Energy
Transfer
Surroundings
Exothermic
Endothermic
Reversible reaction
What happens when a chemical
reaction takes place?
What happens to the bonds?
Exothermic Reaction
• Exothermic reactions transfer energy to
the surroundings.
• The energy is usually transferred as heat
energy, causing the reaction mixture and
its surroundings to become hotter.
• Can you think of any examples?
• Combustion (burning)
• Many oxidation reactions,
for example rusting
• Neutralisation reactions
between acids and alkalis
• Hand warmers
Screaming Jelly babies
Screaming jelly babies!
potassium chlorate, a
strong oxidising agent, rapidly
oxidises the sugar in the jelly
baby
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aC-KOYQsIvU
Hot Ice: supersaturated sodium acetate
Endothermic Reaction
• These are reactions that take in energy
from the surroundings.
• The energy is usually transferred as heat
energy, causing the reaction mixture and
its surroundings to get colder.
• Can you think of any examples?
• The thermal
decomposition of
calcium carbonate
• Sports injury cold
packs
Endothermic
or
Exothermic?
AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd
2006 16
Thermal decomposition of marble?
Endothermic
AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd
2006 17
Combustion of methane?
Exothermic
Photosynthesis?
Endothermic
AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd
2006 19
Neutralisation of an acid and an alkali?
Exothermic
AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd
2006 20
Rusting of iron?
Exothermic
AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd
2006 21
Thermal decomposition of copper
carbonate?
Endothermic
AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd
2006 22
Respiration?
Exothermic
A reusable hand warmer contains a solution of sodium acetate trihydrate.
When the hand warmer is activated, the sodium acetate trihydrate
crystallises and heat is released. The word equation for this reaction is
shown below:
1. What type of reaction is this?
(1 mark)
i. Using the information above, explain why hand warmers that
contain sodium acetate trihydrate are reusable.
(2 marks)
Exothermic
The reaction is reversible. (1 mark)
So the solid sodium acetate trihydrate that is formed when the
hand warmer is activated can be converted back into sodium acetate trihydrate
solution (1 mark).
ii. Suggest how the hand warmer could be reset after use, so that it
is ready to be used again. Explain your answer.
(2 marks)
The conversion of sodium acetate trihydrate solution to solid sodium
acetate trihydrate is exothermic, so the reverse reaction (the conversion
of solid sodium acetate trihydrate back to sodium acetate trihydrate
solution) must be endothermic (1 mark).
This means the hand warmer could be reset by heating it (1 mark).