C2 lithium silcate 201203

C2 ® Lithium Technology


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C2 ® Lithium TechnologyC2 ® Lithium Technology

• Concrete Composition– Cement paste– Fine and coarse aggregate– Moisture

Concrete Chemistry

Coarse Aggregate

Fine Aggregate

Cement Paste (Gel)

Concrete Cross-Section 70X

Pore


Type I Portland Cement – Portland Cement Assoc.

Name Sym %wt FormulaTricalcium Silicate C3S 55 3CaO•SiO2

Dicalcium Silicate C2S 19 2CaO•SiO2

Tricalcium Aluminate C3A 10 3CaO•Al2O3

Tetracalcium Aluminoferrite C4AF 7 4CaO•Al2O3Fe

Gypsum Hemihydrate Ŝ 5 CaSO4•½H2O

Magnesia & Potash 4 MgO & K2O

Water H <1 H2ODesign and Control of Concrete Mixtures, Portland Cement Assoc.

74%


Hydration of Portland Cement

*C-S-H (Calcium Silicate Hydrate)By-product : Calcium Hydroxide (Hydrated Lime)

Conversion of Cement to C-S-H*

By-products

+ Water


Hydrated Cement Adhesion in Concrete• Hydration generates new crystalline salts• Crystals bond together in the paste

Cement Adhesion

Ca(OH)2

University of Aberdeen

C4AF

C-S-H

C-S-H


• Capillary Pores 0.1μ• Gel Pores <0.01μ

Concrete Porosity

University of Aberdeen

Kings College, Aberdeen, UK


C-S-H

CALCIUM HYDROXIDE 24%

67%

Cement Hydration Products

CEMENT


Cement Hydration Chemistry

*C-S-H is the strongest component of concrete paste

Ca(OH)2 (calcium Hydroxide) becomes unwanted dust

Portland Cement

Water Hydrated Cement Paste

By-Product

2C3S + 6H2O C-S-H* 3Ca(OH)2

2C2S + 4H2O C-S-H* Ca(OH)2

C4AF + 10H2O C6AFH12+ C4AH10

2C3A + 18H2O C2AH8

2C3A + 32H2O C6AS3H32

2C3A + C6AS3H32 3C4ASH12


• About 25% of the cement weight is converted to calcium hydroxide (hydrated lime) during hydration.

• A portion of it reacts internally with the calcium aluminoferrite to become a component of the cement paste.

• The remainder resides in the paste.• In the body of the concrete, the calcium hydroxide

provides alkalinity that protects steel rebar from corrosion.

• On the concrete surface, it reacts with CO2 in the air to form calcium carbonate or chalk dust.

• Dust on exterior concrete weathers away but it remains as a nuisance dust on interior concrete.

Properties of Calcium Hydroxide


Chemistry of Liquid Hardeners

Silicates Harden and Densify1. Converts Ca(OH)2 in the

concrete wear zone to C-S-H

2. Improves surface wear resistance

3. Restricts macro pore size4. Fills micro pores5. Retards liquid penetration6. Halts dust & carbonation

~⅛ inch Wear Zone


Lithium Silicate Reaction5CaO•H2O + Li2O•5SiO2 → 5CaO•SiO2• 2H2O + Li2O•H2O

Chemistry of C2 Lithium Silicates

Calcium + Hydroxide

Lithium Silicate

→ Calcium Silicate + Hydrate

Lithium Hydroxide

• Lithium silicate reacts with calcium hydroxide (by-product in the concrete

paste) to form calcium silicate hydrate, the primary component in

hydrated cement, eliminating dusting.

• Reaction proceeds quickly.

• Excess lithium silicate becomes powder on drying that can be swept up

easily.

• Lithium Hydroxide remains with the excess silicate.


Soft Calcium Hydroxide Hard concrete

16

Hardening/Densifying

Finished concrete flooring


Benefits of C2 Lithium Silicates

Strengthening of Floor Surface C2 lithium liquid hardeners/densifiers are chemicals heavy in silica which reacts with calcium hydroxide in the concrete to fill pores, strengthen and harden the surface wear layer.

Excellent Penetration C2 lithium liquid hardeners/densifiers also contain highly reactive lithium catalyst which helps to achieve much greater penetration into the floor surface and triggers much faster and more complete reaction with the concrete.

Greater Abrasion Resistance Even the most perfect bare concrete floors will wear off relatively easily in an industrial traffic conditions. Floors treated with C2 lithium hardeners/densifiers will improve abrasion resistance by over 50%.



DurabilityC2 lithium hardeners/densifiers will outlast topcoats like epoxy or urethanes. A permanent impregnation of the floor surface can be achieved for life of the concrete with one application.

Elimination of Dusting from Efflorescence In ordinary concrete, tiny particles of dust are pushed to the surface through an upward force called hydrostatic pressure, resulting in efflorescence. Efflorescence leads to dusting. C2 products eliminate efflorescence and prevent dusting.

Stain Resistant By densifying and sealing the surface, C2 lithium hardeners transform a porous concrete floor into a tightened floor that is dense enough to repel water, oil, and other contaminants, preventing them from penetrating into the surface.



Slip Resistant Treated floor surface, though shiny, does not create a slippery floor.

Improved Condition for Old Floors

As concrete ages, surface stress, delamination, curled cold joints, and other problems can arise. C2 lithium hardeners combined with our customized grinding and polishing techniques can remove the top surface layer of the old concrete and strengthen the floor, increasing it’s impact and abrasion resistance.

Reduced Tire Wear

The rough, uneven texture of natural concrete causes tires to abrade, adding to their wear. A concrete floor treated with C2 lithium hardeners will make the entire surface smooth, preventing this abrasion and leaving tire marks on the floor surface. Our C2 Remove cleaner can easily remove any blemishes.



Little or No Production “Down Time” Floor can be put into service immediately after the application process is complete. Due to the cleanliness of the process and the lack of toxic or hazardous chemicals, floors can often be serviced while the plant or store is in full operation.

Less Maintenance Most floor systems, including tile and linoleum, require aggressive scrubbing to maintain a clean environment and nice appearance. Surfaces treated with C2 lithium hardeners are tightly compacted, reducing stains, and do not require any waxing or stripping to maintain the sheen.

Improved Reflectivity and Ambient Lighting The reflective properties of a densified floor surface increases the lighting in facilities. Increased ambient lighting will reduce the energy bill and is aesthetically pleasant.


C2 Ultra Seal™ & Dura Seal™ Ultra Seal – durable, chemical resistant, high-gloss protective coating. Ideal for

specialty areas potentially exposed to spills of acidic food products, household cleaners and industrial solutions.

Dura Seal – durable, chemical resistant, UV stable, high-gloss protective coating. Ideal for exterior and interior applications with color to prevent color fading.

Substrates – fully cured concrete, concrete with dry shakes, polished concrete, concrete treaded with sodium hardeners and cementitious terrazzo

Application – 2-3 heavier coats (then C² Seal) by spray, microfiber in, burnish between coats with soft white pad, protect from liquids for minimum 4 hours

Economics (€, $, £) – eliminates the need for floor waxes, liquid polishes and conventional resin coatings

Sales & marketing – Ultra Seal is used widely in grocery stores in selected aisles with acidic products where Dura Seal is used widely on color stained patios, driveways, sidewalks and UV exposed entryways. Blends very well with C² Seal on the same job

Availability – available in 3.5 liter, 20 liter and 200 liter packaging “Green” – 100% Planet Safe


New concrete staining technology, water based color pigment

Available for inside applications ONLY Substrates – concrete new (fully cured for 28

days) or old, concrete with dry shakes, polished concrete, concrete treaded with sodium hardeners, terrazzo

Always cover with C2 Hard and finish with C2 Seal – 2-3 applications burnished with the C2 Heat pad between every application

Packed in 475 ml container as a concentrate to be mixed with 5 liter of fresh water

Use in 24 hours from the time is mixed with fresh water

The standard coverage rates are as follows: First application on concrete prepped to

100 resin diamond level @ 10-15 m2/liter Second application on concrete prepped to

200 resin diamond level @ 15-20 m2/liter Shipping in small packages directly from Kansas

by air via FedEx

C2 TINT™


Mocha Light Roast Espresso Rose Quartz Painted Desert Red Rock Caribbean Blue

Copper Patina Emerald Serpentine Bronze

Blue Stone Desert Sand Amber Georgia Clay Brown Stone Concrete Gray Welsh Slate

C2 TINT™ - Standard Colors


The true color concrete hardener and densifier Substrates – concrete new (fully cured for 28

days) or old, concrete with dry shakes, polished concrete, concrete treaded with sodium hardeners, terrazzo

Sold in premeasured container of 157ml as a concentrate to be mixed with 5 liter of C² Hard (and NOT C² Super Hard)

The standard coverage rates are as follows: First application on concrete prepped to

50 resin diamond level @ 10-15 m2/liter Second application @ 15-20 m2/liter

Shipping in small packages directly from Kansas by air, via FedEx

“Green” – 100% Planet Safe

C2 COLOR HARD™

C2 ® Lithium TechnologyThanks for Viewing

C2 ® Lithium TechnologyThanks for Viewing

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C2 lithium silcate 201203