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C2 Applications SoftwareGetting the Work Done
Solve a particular problem or perform a particular task
2
ACQUIRING SOFTWARE: TRADITIONAL WAYS
Custom software Written by programmers
hired by organization
Specifically tailored to an organization’s needs Organization hires
computer programmers to design, write, test, and implement software
Can be extremely complex and take years to write
Packaged (commercial) software Purchased from a store,
catalog, or Web site Sold in stores, catalogs, or
Web sites Sometimes downloaded from
the Internet Package contains one or
more CDs or DVDs holding the software Typically contains software
documentation user-friendly!
3
ACQUIRING SOFTWARE: NEW WAYS
Freeware Author provides it
free for all to use Author retains
copyright May place
restrictions on its use
May not be altered or redistributed without permission
Public Domain Software that is not
copyrighted May be used and
even altered without permission
Typically developed by universities and/or research institutions using government grants
Open-Source software, Shareware
4
OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE SHAREWARE
A variation of freeware Source code made
available Source code: readable by
humans Other programmers can
modify and redistribute the programs freely Helps identify bugs and
create improvements more easily
Copyrighted software, freely distributed for a trial period
If you like it, register it for a fee Most authors add free
documentation, enhancements, support, and updates to encourage people to register
5
Bu
yin
g
Com
merc
ial
Soft
ware
Individual copies for each computer
Site license
Electronic software distribution
Application Service Provider
Site License Software installed on some or
all computers, depending on license terms
Customer keeps track of how many users
Number of users cannot exceed number of licenses
Customer copies and distributes software and manuals to users
Some organizations use network licenses
Software installed on server License fee based on number of
concurrent users
6
ELECTRONIC SOFTWARE DISTRIBUTION
APPLICATION SERVICE PROVIDER
Get software from the Internet Typically freeware and
shareware Some commercial software
Typical scenario: Download software for trial
period Software disables itself
after trial period unless you register (pay)
Delivers applications to businesses via the Internet ASP maintains software and
data on its systems Customers access
applications as needed over the Internet
Alternative to creating and maintaining custom software or purchasing packaged software
“Rent” software, paying based on usage
7
Task-Oriented Software
Often called productivity software Common categories
Word processing/Desktop publishing Electronic spreadsheets Database management Graphics Communications Others
8
WORKING WITH WORDSELECTRONIC SPREADSHEETS/EXCEL
Word Processing Most widely used
personal computer software
Create memos, reports, papers
Incorporate graphics into documents
Desktop Publishing High-level publishing
needs Newsletters Brochures, promotional
materials
Made up of rows and columns of numbers
Perform “what if” analysis Change a cell and have
spreadsheet recalculate Present data graphically
Show expenses as a pie chart
9
DATABASE MANAGEMENT GRAPHICS
Graphics software creates graphs and charts from numeric data Spot trends and compare data
more easily Visual evidence more
compelling Included in spreadsheet
programs
Presentation graphics creates “slide show” presentations Combine high-quality graphics,
audio, and video
Return
Handles the management of a collection of interrelated facts Software can store,
retrieve, update, and manipulate data
Can report data in many ways and print
Turn large amounts of data into information
10
Other Task Software
Personal Information Managers Keep track of activities Typically include appointment calendar,
address book, and task manager Office Suite
A group of basic applications that work together Easy to share data among applications Similar look and feel among applications
Integrated application A “stripped down” version of the office suite
Return
11
COMMUNICATIONS
The ability to hook the computer up to phone line or cable and communicate with another computer
Typically connected over the Internet Needs a browser to
access other locations on the Internet
Return
12
Business Software
Vertical Market software Software for Workgroups Small Business software
Vertical Market Software Written for a particular
type of business Written by companies
who have a thorough knowledge of that industry Allows business to easily
maintain information on the business, customers, vendors
Encompasses all of the business’s activities
13
GROUPWARESOFTWARE FOR A SMALL BUSINESS
Lets a group of people share or track information together Also called collaborative
software Often combines electronic
mail, networking, scheduling, and database technology
Data stored in one central location
Often used by organizations with remote employees
Small Office/Home Office (SOHO) Moderately priced
software to perform functions aimed at small business
Examples: Accounting software Writing and advertising Customer service Keeping contacts Making sales pitches
14
COMPUTERS AND PEOPLE
Most organizations have some sort of information technology department Made up of people
who are responsible for the organization’s computer resources
Maintain data and provide services to end users
Computer People Data entry operators
prepare data for processing
Computer operators monitor systems, keep peripherals running, and make backups
Librarians catalog processed disks and tapes
Programmers design, write, test, implement, and maintain computer programs
15
Computer People
Systems analysts plan and design entire systems Must have knowledge in programming, as well
as knowledge of the business Network managers implement and
maintain organization’s network(s) Chief Information Officer (CIO) makes key
technology decisions A key member of the organization’s strategic
decision-making team
?
17
Objectives
Distinguish between operating systems and applications software
List the various methods by which individuals and businesses acquire software
List and briefly describe various types of task-oriented software
Identify the kinds of software that are available for both large and small businesses
Discuss ethical issues associated with software Describe the functions of various computer
professionals