C.01 Cau tao co cau.pdf

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Mechanical Engineering DepartmentHCM City Univ. of Technology, Mechanical Engineering Department Nguyen Tan TienNguyen Tan Tien

1. C1. CU TU TO C CO C CUU

Theory of MachineTheory of Machine 1.011.01 Structure of MechanismStructure of Mechanism

-- Chi Chi tititt mmyy ((tititt mmyy): ): mmyy hay hay cc ccuu cc thth ththoo rrii rara ththnhnh nhinhiuu bb phphnnkhkhcc nhaunhau, , bb phphnn khngkhng thth ththoo rrii rara cc nnaa ggii ll chi chi tititt mmyy



Piston

Pin

Ring

Crank

Linkage

Cylindre

Plain Bearing

Bearing

Nut

Bolt

Wash

er

Retainin

g Ring

Plain Bearing

1. Chi 1. Chi tititt mmyy vv khukhu

1. 1. nhnh nghnghaa vv khkhii ninimm cc bbnn

-- KhuKhu: : trongtrong cc ccuu vv mmyy, , totonn bb nhnhngng bb phphnn cc chuychuynn ngng tngtng iiii so so vvii cccc bb phphnn khkhcc ggii ll khukhu




-- BBcc tt do (do (btdbtd) ) ccaa khukhu



2. 2. ThThnhnh phphnn khkhpp ngng vv khkhpp ngng


+ + MMtt khkh nngnng chuychuynn ngng cc llpp ii vvii mmtt hh quyquy chichiuu mmtt btdbtd

z

x y

+ + GiGiaa haihai khukhu trongtrong mmtt phphngng 3 3 btdbtd: : TxTx, , TTyy, , QzQz+ + GiGiaa haihai khukhu trongtrong khngkhng giangian 6 6 btdbtd: : TxTx, , TyTy, , TzTz, , QxQx, , QyQy, , QzQz

z

x y

-- NNii ngng: : ttoo ththnhnh cc ccuu, , cccc khukhu khngkhng thth rrii nhaunhau mm phphii cclinlin kktt vvii nhaunhau theotheo mmtt quyquy ccchch xxcc nhnh nnoo saosao chocho sausau khikhi nnii nhaunhaucccc khukhu vvnn cncn cc khkh nngnng chuychuynn ngng tngtng ii nnii ngng cccc khukhu




-- ThThnhnh phphnn khkhpp ngng, , khkhpp ngng




+ + KhiKhi nnii ngng, , cccc khukhu ss cc ththnhnh phphnn titipp xxcc nhaunhau. . ToTonn bb chch titippxxcc gigiaa haihai khukhu ggii ll mmtt ththnhnh phphnn khkhpp ngng

+ + HaiHai ththnhnh phphnn khkhpp ngng trongtrong mmtt phphpp nnii ngng haihai khukhu hhnhnh ththnhnhnnnn mmtt khkhpp ngng

Thnh phn khp ng trn bn l phi

Thnh phn khp ng trn bn l tri

Khp loi ?

z

x y

Khp loi 4

z

x y

Khp loi 5

Khp loi 1

z

x y

Khp loi 3

z

x y

Khp loi 2

z

x y

-- Theo Theo ss btdbtd bb hhnn chch: : KhKhpp ngng loloii kk hhnn chch kk btdbtd hay hay cc kk rrngng bubucc



3. 3. PhnPhn loloii khkhpp ngng


z

x y

z

x y

z

x y

z

x y

z

x y

-- Theo Theo cc iimm titipp xxcc




+ + KhKhpp caocao: : ththnhnh phphnn khkhpp ngng ll iimm hay hay ngng

+ + KhKhpp ththpp: : ththnhnh phphnn khkhpp ngng ll mmtt

-- thuthunn titinn chocho vivicc nghinnghin ccuu, , cccc khkhpp cc bibiuu didinn trntrn nhnhngng hhnhnhvv bbngng nhnhngng llcc quyquy cc



4. 4. LLcc


-- CCcc khukhu ccngng cc thth hihinn qua qua cccc llcc nn giginn ggii ll llcc khukhu




A

B

C

-- TrnTrn llcc khukhu phphii thth hihinn yy cccc khkhpp ngng, , cccc kkchch ththcc cc nhnhhhngng nn chuychuynn ngng ccaa khukhu vv chuychuynn ngng ccaa cc ccuu

-- ChuChuii ngng: : nhinhiuu khukhu nnii vvii nhaunhau ttoo ththnhnh mmtt chuchuii ngng




A

BC

D

Oz

Ox

Oy

1

4

32

A

B

C

D E F1 2 3 4 5

1

-- PhnPhn loloii chuchuii ngng

o o ChuChuii ngng phphngngo o ChuChuii ngng kknn o o ChuChuii ngng hh

o o ChuChuii ngng khngkhng giangian

-- CC ccuu: : cc ccuu ll mmtt chuchuii ngng cc mmtt khukhu cc nhnh vv chuychuynn ngng theotheoquyquy lulutt xxcc nhnh. . KhuKhu cc nhnh cc ggii ll gigi

-- PhnPhn loloii cc ccuu: : tngtng tt nhnh ii vvii chuchuii ngng

-- BBcc tt do (do (btdbtd) ) ccaa cc ccuu ll ss thngthng ss cc llpp ccnn thithitt xxcc nhnh hohonntotonn vv trtr ccaa cc ccuu, , nn ccngng ll ss khkh nngnng chuychuynn ngng tngtng ii cc llppccaa cc ccuu



I. I. nhnh nghnghaa

2. 2. BBcc tt do do ccaa cc ccuu

II. II. TTnhnh bbcc tt do do ccaa cc ccuu khngkhng giangian ((trtrngng hhpp ttngng ququtt))WWoo bbcc tt do do ttngng ccngng ccaa cccc khukhu ngng nnuu rriiRR ss rrngng bubucc ccaa tttt cc khkhpp ngng trongtrong cc ccuuWW bbcc tt do do ccaa cc ccuu

RWW = 0

1. 1. SS bbcc tt do do trongtrong cc ccuu

2. 2. SS rrngng bubucc chchaa trongtrong cc ccuunW 60 =

=

=5

1kkkpR

1 1 khukhu rrii trongtrong khngkhng giangian cc 6 6 btdbtd btdbtd ttngng ccngng ccaa nn khukhu ngng ll

KhKhpp loloii kk hhnn chch kk bbcc tt do. do. NNuu ggii ppkk ll ss khkhpp loloii kk chchaa trongtrong ccccuu ttngng cccc rrngng bubucc do do ppkk khkhpp loloii kk gygy nnnn ll kk..ppkk. Do . Do

TrongTrong ththcc tt, , ss rrngng bubucc ththngng nhnh hnhn gigi trtr trntrnvv trongtrong cc ccuu ttnn ttii cccc rrngng bubucc trtrngng



2. 2. BBcc tt do do ccaa cc ccuuVV dd: : XXtt cc ccuu 4 4 khukhu bbnn ll

A

BC

D

Oz

Ox

Oy

1

4

32

1A

B

C

D2A

Ox

Oz

Oy

1 2 3

4

+ + RRngng bubucc trtrcc titipp: : rrngng bubucc gigiaa haihai khukhu do do khkhpp nnii trtrcc titipp gigiaa 2 2 khukhu cc ggii ll rrngng bubucc trtrcc titipp

+ + RRngng bubucc giginn titipp: : nnuu ththoo khkhpp AA, , gigiaa khukhu 1 1 vv 4 4 cc rrngng bubucc giginn titipp

+ + RRngng bubucc trtrngng: : nnii khukhu 1 1 vv 4 4 bbngng khkhpp AA, , gigiaa chchngng cc rrngng bubucc trtrcctitipp sausau

3 3 rrngng bubucc trtrngng. . RRngng bubucc trtrngng chch xxyy rara khkhpp ngng kknn ccaa cc ccuuGi R0 l s rng buc trng tng s rng buc trong c cu: 0

5

1

RkpRk

k ==



2. 2. BBcc tt do do ccaa cc ccuu3. 3. CngCng ththcc ttnhnh bbcc tt do do ccaa cc ccuu khngkhng giangian::

=

=

5

1

06k

k RkpnWVV dd: : TTnhnh bbcc tt do do ccaa cc ccuu 4 4 khukhu bbnn ll

A

BC

D

Oz

Ox

Oy

1

4

32 SS khukhu ngng n = 3n = 3

BBcc tt do do ccaa cc ccuuSS rrngng bubucc trtrngng RR00 = 3= 3SS khkhpp loloii 5 5 pp55 = 4= 4

btdW 1)345(36 ==

A

B

C

D E F1 2 3 4 5

VV dd: : TTnhnh bbcc tt do do ccaa cc ccuu bbnn taytay mmyy

SS khukhu ngng n = 5n = 5

BBcc tt do do ccaa cc ccuuSS khkhpp loloii 5 5 pp55 = 5= 5

btdW 5)55(56 ==



2. 2. BBcc tt do do ccaa cc ccuuIII. III. TTnhnh bbcc tt do do ccaa cc ccuu phphngng

1. 1. SS bbcc tt do do trongtrong cc ccuu1 1 khukhu rrii cc 3 3 btdbtd ss btdbtd ttngng ccngng ccaa nn khukhu ngng::

2. 2. SS rrngng bubucc chchaa trongtrong cc ccuuCC ccuu phphngng cc 2 2 llaiai khkhpp -- khkhpp loloii 44 chchaa 11 rrngng bubucc

-- khkhpp loloii 55 chchaa 22 rrngng bubucc{ ttngng ss rrngng bubucc trongtrong cc ccuu::

VV dd: : TTnhnh bbcc tt do do ccaa cc ccuu chmchm nhnh hhnhnh vv

Ox

A

Oz

Oy

BC

O

1

2

nW 30 =

054 21 RppR +=



2. 2. BBcc tt do do ccaa cc ccuu-- CC ccuu totonn khkhpp llaiai 5 5 vvii nn = 2= 2, , pp55 = 3= 3-- ChChnn hh quyquy chichiuu ggnn vvii gigi

-- ChaCha ngng khkhpp AA, , khukhu 1 1 cc khkh nngnng::

Ox

A

Oz

Oy

BC

O

1

2

Ox

Oz

Oy

A

B

O

C

1

2

-- ngng khkhpp AA, , khukhu 1 1 cc khkh nngnng:: BBcc tt do do ccaa cc ccuu

btdW 1)132(23 ==



2. 2. BBcc tt do do ccaa cc ccuuVV dd: : TTnhnh bbcc tt do do ccaa cc ccuu hhnhnh bbnhnh hhnhnh

-- TrnTrn ththcc tt, , cc ccuu nnyy llmm vivicc cc iiuu nnyy cc gg mumu thuthunn khngkhng ??

A

B C

D

13

E

F5 4

1 2 3

-- CC ccuu totonn khkhpp loloii 5 5 vvii: : n=4n=4, , k=5k=5, , ppkk=6=6

btdW 0)62(43 ==

-- BBcc tt do do ccaa cc ccuu ll




-- KhiKhi thmthm khukhu 5 5 vv 2 2 khkhpp EE, , FF vvoo

-- ChCh khukhu 5 5 khngkhng cc ttcc ddngng gg trongtrong chuychuynn ngng ccaa cc ccuu ABCDABCD-- NNuu bb khukhu 5 5 rara, , cc ccuu trtr ththnhnh cc ccuu 4 4 khukhu bbnn ll vvii btdbtd bbngng 11

A

B C

D

13

E

F

1 2 3

45 A

B C

D

13

1 2 3

4

E

F5

+ + thmthm khukhu 5 ( 5 ( EF EF ) ) thmthm 3 3 bbcc tt dodo+ + thmthm 2 2 khkhpp loloii 5 ( 5 ( EE, , FF ) ) thmthm 4 4 rrngng bubucc thmthm 1 1 rrngng bubucc}

-- GGii r r ll ss rrngng bubucc ththaa cc trongtrong cc ccuu, , btdbtd ccaa cc ccuu phphngng

-- TrongTrong cc ccuu hhnhnh bbnhnh hhnhnh trntrn, , r = 1r = 1, , vv btdW 1)162(43 ==)2(3 45 rppnW +=




1A

B

C

D

1

2

3

VV dd: : TTnhnh bbcc tt do do ccaa cc ccuu cam cam ccnn yy yy con con lnln

n n = = 33k = k = 4, 54, 5pp44 = = 11pp55 = = 33W = W = 3 3 xx 3 3 ((2 2 xx 3 + 13 + 1)) = 2= 2 btdbtd

KKtt ququ nnyy cc ngng khngkhng ??

-- TrongTrong ththcc tt, , cc ccuu bnbn chch cc 1 1 btdbtd vv chuychuynn ngng lnln ccaa con con lnln 2 2 quanhquanhkhkhpp BB khngkhng nhnh hhngng nn chuychuynn ngng cc chch ccaa cc ccuu nnnn khngkhng cckk vvoo bbcc tt do do ccaa cc ccuu

-- BtdBtd thmthm vvoo mm khngkhng llmm nhnh hhngng nn chuychuynn ngng ccaa cc ccuu ggii ll btdbtdththaa, , kk hihiuu ll ss

-- TrTr llii cc ccuu cam cam trntrn btdW 11)0132(33 =+=



2. 2. BBcc tt do do ccaa cc ccuuTTmm llii, , cngcng ththcc ttnhnh btdbtd

-- ii vvii cc ccuu khngkhng giangian

-- ii vvii cc ccuu phphngng trtr cc ccuu chmchm

vvii nn : : ss khukhu ngng kk : : loloii khkhpp ngng ppkk : : ss khkhpp loloii kkRR00 : : ss rrngng bubucc trtrngng rr : : ss rrngng bubucc ththaa ss : : ss btdbtd ththaa

=

=

5

1

06k

k RkpnW

srppnW += )2(3 45



2. 2. BBcc tt do do ccaa cc ccuuIV. IV. nghnghaa bbcc tt do do KhuKhu ddnn vv khukhu bb ddnn

A

BC

D

1

A

BC

D

D

1 4



3. 3. NhNhmm ttnhnh nhnhI. I. NguynNguyn ll ttoo ththnhnh cc ccuuMMtt cc ccuu cc WW btdbtd ll cc ccuu cc ttoo ththnhnh bbii WW khukhu ddnn vv nhnhngng nhnhmmcc btdbtd bbngng zerozero

II. II. NhNhmm ttnhnh nhnhNhNhmm ttnhnh nhnh ll nhnhngng nhnhmm cncn bbngng hay hay chuychuynn ngng, , cc bbcc tt do do bbngngzero zero vv phphii ttii giginn ((ttcc ll khngkhng thth chiachia ththnhnh nhnhngng nhnhmm nhnh hnhn ccnnaa))ii vvii nhnhmm ttnhnh nhnh totonn khkhpp ththpp

43421 L32100 +++= WW

khau dan nhom co btd=0

023 5 == pnW

n

5p

2 4 6 L

3 6 9 L



III. III. NguynNguyn ttcc ttchch nhnhmm ttnhnh nhnh3. 3. NhNhmm ttnhnh nhnh

KhiKhi ttchch nhnhmm ttnhnh nhnh phphii theotheo nguynnguyn ttcc sausau+ + ChChnn trtrcc khukhu ddnn vv gigi+ + SauSau khikhi ttchch nhnhmm, , phphnn cncn llii phphii ll 1 1 cc ccuu hohonn chchnhnh hohocc khukhu ddnn+ + TTchch nhnhngng nhnhmm xaxa khukhu ddnn trtrcc rrii ddnn nn nhnhngng nhnhmm ggnn hnhn+ + KhiKhi ttchch nhnhmm, , thth ttchch nhnhngng nhnhmm nn giginn trtrcc, , nhnhmm phphcc ttpp sausauVV dd: : TTchch nhnhmm ttnhnh nhnh cc ccuu ngng cc diezendiezen, , cc ccuu bmbm oxyoxy

A B

C

D

E

F

G H

I

J

2

1

1

4 5

6

7

3

A

BC

D

E

F

G

1

2

4

3

5

1


H

I

J

6

7

E

F

G H

54

A B

C

D

E

F

G H

I

J1

4 5

6

7

3

1

2

A B

C

D

E

F

G H

1

4 53

1

2

A B

C

D

E

1

3

1

2

C

D

E

3

2

B A B

1

1




A

BC

D

E

F

G

1

2

4

3

5

1A

BC

1

2

1

C

DF

G

4

3

D

E

5

C

D

E

F

3

5F

G

4

A

BC

1

2

1

BC

D

E

F

G

2

4

3

5

A

1

1





-- TrongTrong cc ccuu phphngng, , ththngng cc khkhpp caocao loloii 4, 4, ttchch ththnhnh nhnhngng nhnhmmttnhnh nhnh nhnh nhnhngng cc ccuu phphngng totonn khkhpp ththpp phphii thaythay thth cccc khkhppcaocao ththnhnh nhnhngng khkhpp ththpp nhngnhng vvnn mm bboo cc chuychuynn ngng ccaa cc ccuu

btd1)221(23 =+=W

4. 4. ThayThay thth khkhpp caocao bbngng khkhpp ththpp

btd1)42(33 ==W


1

C

1O 2O

21

1

1O 2O

A

B3 21


-- ThayThay thth khkhpp caocao bbngng khkhpp ththpp phphii mm bboo haihai iiuu kikinn4. 4. ThayThay thth khkhpp caocao bbngng khkhpp ththpp

+ + bbcc tt do do ccaa cc ccuu khngkhng ii+ + quyquy lulutt chuychuynn ngng khngkhng ii

-- NguynNguyn ttcc: : ddngng 1 1 khukhu haihai khkhpp bbnn ll vv tt cccc bbnn ll ttii tmtm cong cong ccaa ccccththnhnh phphnn khkhpp caocao ttii iimm titipp xxcc

-- VV dd: : ThayThay thth khkhpp caocao bbngng khkhpp ththpp cc ccuu cam cam ccnn llcc yy bbngng

-- SS thaythay thth khkhpp caocao bbngng khkhpp ththpp khngkhng phphii chch xemxem xxtt nhnhmm ttnhnh nhnhmm vivicc phnphn ttchch ngng hhcc cc ccuu thaythay thth chocho bibitt cc vv nhnh ttnhnh ccngng nhnhnhnh llngng ccaa cc ccuu thaythay thth ttii vv trtr angang xemxem xxtt

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C.01 Cau tao co cau.pdf