C Program Files (x86) Certexams.com Switch Network Simulator SwitchSim Switching-Manual-Demo

8/19/2019 C Program Files (x86) Certexams.com Switch Network Simulator SwitchSim Switching-Manual-Demo

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SWITCHING LAB MANUAL

Version 2.0

CONTENTS:

1. Networkin Co!"onents

1.1 H#$

1.2 Swit%&

1.' (o#ter

2. Hier)r%&i%)* Mo+e*

'. Swit%&e+ Network Mo+e*

'.1 A%%ess L),er Swit%&es

'.2 -istri$#tion L),er Swit%&es

'.' Core L),er Swit%&es

'. S#!!)r,

. Swit%& -e/i%e e)t#res

. Swit%& O"er)tin S,ste!s

. Co!!)n+ Line Inter3)%e 4CLI5

6. Swit%& IOS 4Cis%o5 #n+)!ent)* E7er%ises

6.1 L)$ E7er%ise 1 : Intro+#%tion to Swit%&

6.2 L)$ E7er%ise 2 : B)nner MOT- : Settin Mess)e o3 t&e -),

6.' L)$ E7er%ise ' : Settin Host N)!e

6. L)$ E7er%ise : Swit%& 280 Conso*e 9)sswor+ Assin!ent

6. L)$ E7er%ise : Swit%& 280 VT 9)sswor+ Assin!ent

6. L)$ E7er%ise : Swit%& 280 ; Settin 9ri/i*ee+ ")sswor+

6.6 L)$ E7er%ise 6 : En)$*e )st Et&ernet Inter3)%e on ) 280 Swit%&

6.< L)$ E7er%ise < : Co", (#nnin Con3i#r)tion to St)rt#" Con3i#r)tion6.8 L)$ E7er%ise 8 : Settin 9ort S"ee+ )n+ Mo+e on ) Swit%&

6.10 L)$ E7er%ise 10 : Initi)* Swit%& Con3i#r)tion

6.11 L)$ E7er%ise 11 : B)si% Swit%& Inter3)%e Con3i#r)tion

6.12 L)$ E7er%ise 12 : Con3i#rin 9ort=Se%#rit, on ) Swit%&"ort

6.1' L)$ E7er%ise 1' : C)t)*,st 280 Swit%& Con3i#r)tion

6.1 O$>e%ti/e Test 1

Version 2.0 Co",ri&t ? 2002 ; 201 CertE7)!s.%o!1


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8. O$>e%ti/e Test '

10. E7er%ises on S")nnin Tree 9roto%o*

10.1 Notes on S")nnin=tree "roto%o*

10.2 L)$ e7er%ises #sin Cis%o swit%&es

10.2.1 L)$ E7er%ise 1 : En)$*in ST9

10.2.2 L)$ E7er%ise 2 : Con3i#rin (oot Swit%&

10.2.' L)$ E7er%ise ' : Con3i#rin 9ort=9riorit,

10.2. L)$ E7er%ise : Con3i#rin Swit%& 9riorit, o3 ) VLAN

10.2. L)$ E7er%ise : Con3i#rin ST9 Ti!ers

10.2. L)$ E7er%ise : Veri3,in ST9

10.' L)$ e7er%ises #sin #ni"er swit%&es

10.'.1 L)$ E7er%ise 1 : Con3i#rin ST9 Ti!ers

10.'.2 L)$ E7er%ise 2 : Settin $ri+e "riorit, on swit%&

10.'.' L)$ E7er%ise ' : Con3i#rin "ort "riorit,

10.'. L)$ E7er%ise : Veri3,in ST9

10. O$>e%ti/e Test

11. E7er%ises on 9er=VLAN S")nnin Tree 9roto%o* )n+ VST9

11.1 L)$ e7er%ises #sin Cis%o swit%&es

11.1.1 Notes on 9er=VLAN S")nnin Tree 9roto%o*

11.1.2 L)$ E7er%ise 1 : En)$*in )n+ +is)$*in U"*ink3)st 3e)t#re on ) swit%&

11.1.' L)$ E7er%ise 2 : En)$*in )n+ +is)$*in B)%k$one3)st 3e)t#re on ) swit%&

11.1. L)$ E7er%ise ' : En)$*in )n+ +is)$*in 9ort3)st 3e)t#re on ) swit%&

11.1. L)$ E7er%ise : En)$*in 9VSTD on ) swit%&

11.1. L)$ E7er%ise : I!"*e!entin 9er=VLAN S")nnin tree on ) swit%& network

11.2 L)$ e7er%ises #sin #ni"er swit%&es

11.2.1 L)$ E%er%ise 1: En)$*in VST9 in )** VLANs

11.2.2 L)$ E7er%ise 2 : En)$*in VST9 on ) VLAN #sin ) sin*e VLAN=I-VLAN=N)!e

11.' O$>e%ti/e Test

12. L)$ E7er%ises on 9oE 4#sin #ni"er swit%&es5

12.1 L)$ E7er%ise 1 : Con3i#rin #)r+=$)n+ )n+ !)7i!#! "ower on 9oE en)$*e+ inter3)%e.

12.2 L)$ E7er%ise 2 : Con3i#rin "ower !)n)e!ent on 9oE en)$*e+ inter3)%e

12.' L)$ E7er%ise ': -is)$*in ) 9oE inter3)%e

12. L)$ E7er%ise : Settin "ower "riorit, on )** 9oE en)$*e+ inter3)%es

Version 2.0 Co",ri&t ? 2002 ; 201 CertE7)!s.%o!'


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1'. in)* E7)!

1. A""en+i7

1.1 Answer ke, 3or O$>e%ti/e Test 1

1.2 Answer ke, 3or O$>e%ti/e Test 2

1.' Answer ke, 3or O$>e%ti/e Test '

1. Answer ke, 3or O$>e%ti/e Test

1. Answer ke, 3or O$>e%ti/e Test

1. Answer ke, 3or in)* E7)!

1. I%ons #se+ in t&e M)n#)*

Version 2.0 Co",ri&t ? 2002 ; 201 CertE7)!s.%o!


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1. NETWO(FING COM9ONENTS

Hubs, switches and routers are the most frequently used network devices which lets you connect computers

printers, and other devices to communicate.

1.1 H#$

A hub is typically the simplest device to use. Its job is very simple: anything that comes in one

port is sent out to all other ports on the hub. very computer connected to the hub !sees! thesame information on the network that every other computer on the hub sees.

All devices connected to a hub will be in the same collision domain as well as broadcast domain"#A$s may be used to divide the switch in to two or more broadcast domains. "#A$% do not

allow broadcasts to propagate to other "#A$s on the switch network. &or e'ample, traffic

generated in "#A$( can only be forwarded into devices connected to "#A$(.

1.2 Swit%&

A switch learns the physical addresses of sending devices by reading the )A* address and

mapping it to the port number through which the frame had arrived. +his way, it will quicklylearn which )A* address belongs to which switch port, and stores the information in a table

called )A* table-. +hen onwards, it will send a frame only to the port that connects to the

destination device as specified in the frame-. A hub or a switch is used to connect two or morenetwork segments.

1.' (o#ter

A router is used to route packets, and most complicated among the three. +hey work at layer/ o

the 0%I model. +hey route packets based on the I1 addresses where as a switch forwards packet

based on the )A* addresses. A router needs to disseminate an incoming packet down to its I1

address and route it to destination based on information available in its routing table.

A router reads the destination I1 address of the incoming packet, finds out which interface it

needs to go to reach desired destination which may be several hops away- and routes the packeappropriately.

2. Hier)r%&i%)* Mo+e*

+he hierarchical model simplifies the task of building a reliable and scalable hierarchical inter network. +hemodel defines the following three layers that has specific functions and responsibilities associated with it:

i. A%%ess L),er : controls user access to network resources. #ayer / devices such as routers ensure thatlocal server traffic does not move to the wider network and this layer is responsible for #ayer 2 services

such as "#A$ membership, traffic filtering based on broadcast or )A* addresses.

ii. -istri$#tion L),er : is the communication mechanism between access layer and core layer of the

hierarchical model. +he 3istribution #ayer determines how packets access the core layer, provides

filtering and routing, and determine access over the campus backbone by filtering out resource updates

which are not needed. +his layer is responsible for routing traffic between "#A$s, 4roadcast domain



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definition, Inter"#A$ routing, and security.

iii. Core L),er : +he primary function of a *ore #ayer is to switch traffic as fast as possible and

provide connectivity between switch blocks, 5A$ blocks and 6 or any other blocks that may be present

'. Swit%&e+ Network Mo+e*

'.1 A%%ess L),er Swit%&es

Access layer switches operate at layer 2 of the 0%I model and these switches are used to provideconnectivity between desktop devices and the internetwork.

Cis%o A%%ess L),er Swit%&es

+he following *isco catalyst switches come under the access layer

• (78862988 provides switched (8)bps to the desktop6(84ase+ hubs in small6mediucampus networks.

• 2788 provides (86(88)bps switched access to a ma'imum of ;8 users and gigabit

speeds for servers.

• igabit thernet ports for servers.

• ;8886;;88 supports (886(888)bps thernet switching, and provides access for ove

2;8 users.

C)t)*,st 000 Series swit%&

#ni"er A%%ess L),er Swit%&es

(. ?2288: @uniper $etworks ?2288 thernet switches provide connectivity for lowdensityenvironments.



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?2288 switches are available in models with either 2< or igabit

thernet connectors and four uplink ports. +hese switches run under @$0% 0% for ? %eries

switches. ach ?2288 switch has four uplink ports that support (gigabit small formfactor pluggable %&1- transceivers for use with fiber connections and copper connections. 1o ports

provide electrical current to devices through the network cables so that separate power cords for

devices such as I1 phones, wireless access points, and security cameras are unnecessary.

Mo+e* N#!$er A%%ess 9orts 9oE En)$*e+ 9orts

?22882igabit thernet

?22882igabit thernet All 2< ports

?2288


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support.

+he following *isco catalyst switches come under the distribution layer

• ;8886;;88 supports a considerable number of connections and the Doute %witch )odule

D%)- processor module.

• 272=> a strong switch that utiliCes an e'ternal router processor.

• =888 provides /9< (86(88 thernet connections, and (72 (88&? &astthernet connections and(/8 >igabit thernet ports.

282G Swit%&

#ni"er -istri$#tion L),er Swit%&es

(. ?/288: +he ?/288 line of thernet switches offers a simple, costeffective solution for lowdensity

branch and regional offices.

?/288 switches are available in models with either 2< or igabitthernet connectors and optional (gigabit small formfactor pluggable %&1- transceivers, (8gigabit

small formfactor pluggable %&1B- transceivers, or (8gigabit small formfactor pluggable ?&1-

transceivers for use with fiber connections.

Mo+e* A%%ess 9orts No o3 9oE en)$*e+ "orts

?/2882igabit thernet &irst 9 ports

?/288


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2. ?


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b %&16%&1B

?b %&16%&1B

Note:

(. +he &4 and 4& in the model number indicate the direction of airflow of the chassis:

&4F&ronttoback airflow



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4&F4acktofront airflow

2. +he * in the model number indicates the *onverged nhanced thernet *- status of

switch:

*F* capable $oneF$ot * capable

/. +he 3* in the model number indicates that the switch model supports 3* power supply.

b data centers, campus aggregations and core

networks.

@uniper $etworks ?9288 thernet line cards offer a variety of interfaces for supporting high

density (88 )bps, >igabit and (8 >igabit thernet >b- deployments. &our versions of the

?9288 thernet line cards are available, each of which supports a consistent set of features andcapabilities: the ?9288


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bps access ports in the switch use small formfactor pluggable plus transceivers %&1B- and

operate by default as (8>igabit thernet interfaces. 0ptionally, you can choose to configure up to(2 of the ports as 2>bps, bps, or 9>bps &ibre *hannel &*- interfaces, and up to /= of the por

as (>igabit thernet interfaces. < bps uplink ports in the switch use quad, small formfactor

pluggable plus E%&1B- transceivers.

S9D A%%ess 9orts

+he E&?/;88 switch has


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'. S#!!)r,

1. Cis%o A%%ess L),er Swit%&es

(. *isco *atalyst


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. Swit%& -e/i%e e)t#res

Cis%o Swit%& -e/i%e e)t#res

*isco 27;8 switch *I%*0 *A+A#J%+ 27;8 2< 10D+ %5I+*H 5%*27;82< (86(88-

1. ront 9)ne*:

+he switch front panel consists of 2< D@


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i '

E7"*)n)tion:

+he switch front panel contains 1orts, #3s and the )ode button.

9O(TS:

1. 10100 9orts

+hese use D@


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1. S,ste! LE- : %pecifies whether the system is receiving power and is functioning correctly.

Co*or St)t#s

0ff Indicates that the system is not powered on

>reen Indicates that the system is operating normally

Amber %ystem is receiving power but not functioning properly

2. (9S 4(e!ote 9ower S#""*,5 LE-: %pecifies whether or not the remote power supply is in use.

Co*or St)t#s

0ff D1% is off or is not installed.

%olid green D1% is connected and ready to provide backup power.

&lashing green D1% is connected but is unavailable because it is providing power toanother device

%olid amber D1% is in standby mode or in a fault condition.

&lashing amber +he internal power supply in a switch has failed, and the D1% is providing power to the switch

'. 9ort !o+e LE-: Indicates the current state of the mode button.

LE- Mo+e 9ort Mo+e -es%ri"tion

%+A+ 1ort status +his is the default mode.

+I# %witch utiliCation +he bandwidth in use by the switch.

31#? 1ort duple' mode Half duple' or &ull duple'.

%13 1ort speed 1ort operating speed: (8 or (88 )bps for (86(88 ports and (8, (88, or (888 )bps for (86(886(888

orts



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. 9ort st)t#s LE-: Indicates different meanings depending on the current value of the )ode #3.

K &or #D %witches

9ort !o+e Co*or Me)nin

%+A+ 0ff $o link

%olid >reen #ink 1resent

&lashing >reen Activity, port is sending6receiving data.

Alternating >reenAmber #ink fault

%olid Amber A link is established on a nonassigned #D

profile, or a port is not forwarding.

31#? 0ff 1ort operating in half duple'

>reen 1ort operating in full duple'

%13 (86(886(888 ports and %&1 )odules

0ff 1ort operating at (8 )bps

>reen 1ort operating at (88 )bps

&lashing >reen 1ort operating at (888 )bps

2. M)n)e!ent O"tions

*atalyst 27;8 switches offer these management options:

C*#ster M)n)e!ent S#ite 4CMS5

*)% is made up of three webbased applications that you use to manage switches. Jou can use *lust

4uilder, which includes *luster "iew, and *luster )anager to create, configure, and monitor switch

clusters. Jou can also use 3evice )anager to manage individual and standalone switches.

IOS %o!!)n+=*ine inter3)%e 4CLI5

Jou can manage switches by using commandline entries. +o access the *#I, connect a 1* or termin

directly to the console port on the switch rear panel. If the switch is attached to your network, you canuse a +elnet connection to manage the switch from a remote location.

Cis%oView )""*i%)tion

Jou can use the *isco"iew devicemanagement application to set configuration parameters and to

view switch status and performance information. +his application, which you purchase separately, ca be a standalone application or part of an %imple $etwork )anagement 1rotocol %$)1- network

management platform.



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Jou can manage switches by using an %$)1compatible management station running platforms suc

as H1 0pen"iew and %un$et )anager. +he switch supports a comprehensive set of )I4 e'tensionsand )I4 II, the I 982.(3 bridge )I4, and four D)0$ groups. &or more information, refer to

the documentation that came with your %$)1 application.

Cis%o 1812 ; 12 "ort swit%&

+he *isco *atalyst (788 series of switches offer an economical option for thernet networks. +hereare two *atalyst (788 switches, the (7(2, with (2 (84ase+ switched ports and two &ast thernet

switched ports, and the (72< with 2< (84ase+ switched ports and two &ast thernet switched ports.

+he *isco *atalyst (788 switch is useful for small workgroups needing switched (8)bps ports.*isco has created a *ommand#ine Interface *#I- for the (788 series of switches.

+he figure above shows a 2


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'. (e)r=9)ne* -es%ri"tion

+he rear panel of a *atalyst (788 switch consists of the following:

(. A* power connector

2. *onsole port/. Dedundant power system D1%- connector and

iant more than (;(9 bytes8

and Dunt less than =< bytes- frames are also dropped, if found.

2. C#t=T&ro#& 4(e)*=Ti!e5 swit%&in: Here, the #A$ switch copies only the destination addressinto its buffers. It immediately looks up the switching table and starts forwarding the frame. +he

latency is very less because, the frame is forwarded as soon as the destination address is resolved.

'. r)!ent=ree swit%&in: Here, the switch waits for the collision window before forwarding the

entire frame. +he collision window is =< bytes long.

#ni"er Swit%& -e/i%e e)t#res

1. E@2200 ront 9)ne*

+he front panel of an ?2288 switch consists of the following components:

a- $etwork portsFdepending on the switch model, either of:

• 2< or igabit thernet ports, with 1ower over thernet 1o- notavailable in ?22882


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2. C&)ssis LE-s

+he front panel of an ?2288 switch has two chassis status #3s labeled %J% and A#) on the farright side of the panel, above the uplink ports.

LE- L)$e* Co*or St)te )n+ -e%ri"tion

A#) nlit

Amber

Ded

+here is no alarm

+here is a minor alarm

+here is a major alarm

%J% >reen 0n steadily : +he switch is functioning normally

4linking : +he switch is booting

0ff : +he switch is off



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'. E@2200 (e)r 9)ne*

+he rear panel of the ?2288 switch consists of the following components:

• )anagement thernet port

• %4 port

•*onsole port

• 1rotective earthing terminal

• %3 point

• Air e'haust

• %erial number I3 label

• A* power cord inlet



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. Swit%& O"er)tin S,ste!s

O"er)tin s,ste! 3or Cis%o swit%&es

1. *at0% *atalyst 0%- also known as %et based I0% is operating system that was used on some ciscoswitches earlier. All configurations in *at0% were done via %et command sequence.

E7: set port disable

set port duple'set port speed

set spantree portfast

set trunk

2. *isco I0% originally Internetwork 0perating %ystem- is the software used on the vast majority of

*isco %ystems routers and current *isco network switches. arlier switches ran *at0%.- I0% is a package of routing, switching, internetworking and telecommunications functions tightly integrated wit

a multitasking operating system.

+he I0% *#I provides a fi'ed set of multipleword commands F the set available is determined by the

!mode! and the privilege level of the current user. +he *ommand #ine Interface *#I- on *atalyst(78862988 and *atalyst 2788 ?# series switches are similar to *isco I0% command set popularly used

in *isco routers.

+he equivalent I0% commands to the above given %+ commands are

E7: shutdownduple'

speed

spanningtree portfastswitchport mode trunk

'. +he *isco *atalyst %witch )anager is a graphical user interface >I-based, carrierclass element

management system )%- for managing the *isco *atalyst =;88 and =888,


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. Co!!)n+ Line Inter3)%e 4CLI5

Cis%o IOS Co!!)n+ Line Inter3)%e

*isco I0% has three command modes, each with access to different command sets.

1. User !o+e: +his is the mode a user has access to after logging into the switch. +he user mode is

identified by the L prompt following the host name. +he user has access to some basic commands in this

mode. +he system cannot be configured or restarted from this mode.

2. 9ri/i*ee+ !o+e: +his is the mode where users can view the system configuration, and enterconfiguration mode from this mode. All the commands that are available in user mode are also available

in privileged mode. 1rivileged mode is identified by the M prompt following the host name. +o enter

privileged mode, one needs to type NenableO at the ser mode prompt. If an enable password or enable

secret password has been set, you need to enter the password or secret password to enter the privilegedmode. +he difference between a password and secret password is that the secret password uses stronger

encryption and not stored in as plain te't.

'. Con3i#r)tion !o+e: +his mode allows users to configure the switch. +o enter into the configuration

mode, the user should enter the command Nconfigure terminalO from privileged mode. >lobalconfiguration mode is identified by the config-M prompt following the host name. After entering global

configuration mode, you can enter any submode depending on the configuration task. &or e'ample, ifyou want to configure an I1 address on switch ethernet interface, you need to enter configif-Msub mode

+o e'it configuration mode, the user can enter end or press *trlP.

4y entering the command Q at any point shows the available commands at that level. +he Q can also be

used in the middle of a command to show possible completion options.

UNOS Co!!)n+ Line Inter3)%e

@$0% *#I is a simple to use, te'tbased command interface. 5e give various commands on *#I for

configuring, troubleshooting and monitoring the software.

@$0% primarily supports two types of command modes.

a- 0perational )ode

b- *onfiguration )ode

1. O"er)tion)* Mo+e:

5hen we log in to the router and the *#I starts, we are at the top level of the *#I operational mode. In thmode, we enter the commands for

(. *ontrolling the *#I environment, and

2. )onitor and troubleshoot network connectivity, and/. Initiating the *onfiguration )ode.

&requently used commands in this mode include ping, show, traceroute, configure, etc.

Version 2.0 Co",ri&t ? 2002 ; 201 CertE7)!s.%o!2'


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2. Con3i#r)tion Mo+e:

5e use the *onfiguration mode for configuring the @$0% software by creating a hierarchy of

configuration statements. 5e enter the configuration mo7Bde by using the command !configure! as

shown below:

#ser&ost%on3i#re

Enterin %on3i#r)tion !o+e

Je+itK#ser&ost

Issuing the commands one at a time using *#I can configure a @$0%R router or alternately, we

can configure by creating a te't A%*II- file that contains the statement hierarchy. Demember toactivate the configuration by using the command !commit! on the router.

As shown in the above e'ample, the generic configuration prompt is userShostM. 0fcourse, we canchange the prompt by using appropriate command.

St)te!ent Hier)r%&,:

5e use the above configuration mode commands to create a statement hierarchy, and then configure the

@$0% software. +he term !statement hierarchy! is used to define the sequence of commands used for

configuring a particular feature or features- of the router. An e'ample statement hierarchy is given below

#ser&ost%on3i#re

Enterin %on3i#r)tion !o+e

Je+itK ====To" *e/e*

#ser&oste+it "roto%o*s os"3

Je+it "roto%o*s os"3K ===="roto%o*s os"3 &ier)r%&, *e/e*

#ser&ost

!set! commands are used to configure specific leaf statements.

E7: #ser&ostset &e**o=inter/)* 1



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6. Swit%& IOS #n+)!ent)* E7er%ises

Note: 1lease refer to the below network diagram for the switch e'ercises given in the ne't section.

6.1 : L)$ E7er%ise 1 : Intro+#%tion to Swit%&

-es%ri"tion: A basic e'ercise to get familiar with the different commands related to switch .*hoose %5( switch from the $65 diagram, and use the following commands.

+he switch initial startup status can be verified using the below status commands:

S&ow /ersion: 3isplays the configuration of the system hardware and the currently loaded I0%

software version information

S&ow r#nnin=%on3i: 3isplays the current active running configuration of the switch.+his

command requires privileged ?* mode access.

S&ow inter3)%es: 3isplays statistics and status information of all the interfaces on the switch.



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Instr#%tions:

1. *onnect to switch and you should see the user mode prompt

2. %how version command displays the I0% version of the switch

'. %how interfaces command displays the interfaces of the switch

. %how runningconfig displays the running configuration

SW1en)$*e

SW1s&ow /ersionSW1s&ow inter3)%es

SW1s&ow r#nnin=%on3i 4ack

6.2 : L)$ E7er%ise 2 : B)nner MOT-=Settin !ess)e o3 t&e +),

-es%ri"tion: +his e'ercise helps in understanding the procedure of setting message of the dayand the show banner command . $ote that the banner is set in a single command line here. Jou

can also use multiline banner motd command.

Instr#%tions:

1. nter into privileged mode

2. nter into global *onfiguration )ode

'. %et banner to: !5elcome to local host!. %tarting and ending character of the banner should be

!P! 3o not use quotes-

. se show banner command to view the banner that has been set

SW1en)$*e

SW1%on3i#re ter!in)*

SW14%on3i5$)nner !ot+ We*%o!e to *o%)* &ost SW14%on3i5e7it

SW1s&ow $)nner

4ack

6.' : L)$ E7er%ise ' : Settin Host N)!e

-es%ri"tion: +his basic e'ercise illustrates the steps required to set a hostname to a switch.

Instr#%tions:

1. nter into privileged mode

2. nter into global *onfiguration )ode

'. %et hostname as cisco

SW1en)$*e




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SW14%on3i5&ostn)!e %is%o

Cis%o4%on3i5

4ack

6. : L)$ E7er%ise : Swit%& 280 Conso*e 9)sswor+ Assin!ent

$ot Available in 3emo "ersion.

6. : L)$ E7er%ise : Swit%& 280 VT ")sswor+ )ssin!ent


6. : L)$ E7er%ise : Swit%& 280: Settin 9ri/i*ee+ 9)sswor+


6.6 : L)$ E7er%ise 6 : En)$*e )st Et&ernet Inter3)%e on ) 280 swit%&


6.< : L)$ E7er%ise < : Co", (#nnin Con3i#r)tion to St)rt#" Con3i#r)tion


6.8 : L)$ E7er%ise 8 : Settin 9ort S"ee+ )n+ Mo+e on ) Swit%&


6.10 : L)$ E7er%ise 10 : Initi)* Swit%& %on3i#r)tion


6.11 : L)$ E7er%ise 11 : B)si% Swit%& Inter3)%e Con3i#r)tion




28/61

6.12 : L)$ E7er%ise 12 : Con3i#rin 9ort=Se%#rit, on ) Swit%&"ort


6.1' : L)$ E7er%ise 1' : C)t)*,st 280 Swit%& Con3i#r)tion


6.1 : O$>e%ti/e Test 1 : Answer t&e 3o**owin #estions



29/61

. In the privileged mode, type the command Q to view all the commands in privileged mode

. +he command show Q displays all the show commands like show banner, interfaces, ip, macaddresstable, vlan, vtp etc

.+he command show runningconfig displays the running configuration

6. 1ress space bar to view more information


30/61


31/61

the same. *hoose %5( from the network diagram and e'it.

Instr#%tions

(. nter into configuration mode

2. >et back to the operational mode

#serSW1%on3i#re

Je+itK#serSW1e7it

#serSW1

4ack

#ni"erswe7it

Je+itK

#ser>#ni"erswe7it

4ack


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Je+it inter3)%es e=000K

#serSW1set +es%ri"tion Pinter3)%e=e=000P

Je+it inter3)%es e=000K

#serSW1e7it

Je+itK

#serSW1 4ack


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2. 5hich of the following can be used to view the previous command you entered into a *isco switchQ

T%elect 2U

)5 *+D#B&(

$5 +he 3own Arrow

%5 +he p Arrow

+5 *+D# B 1

'. Jou are working in privileged mode at M prompt-. Jou want to get back to user mode. 5hichcommand would you type at the privileged mode promptQ

)5 quit

$5 e'it

%5 disable

+5 end

. 5hat is the command used for copying the configuration from $"DA) to a running DA)Q

)5 copy startup running

$5 copy startupconfig runningconfig%5 copy runningconfig startupconfig

+5 write memory

4ack

Note: please refer to the Appendi' for 0bjective test Answer key

8. E7er%ises on Swit%& Con3i#r)tion )n+ VLAN

8.1 Notes on VLAN )n+ VT9

i. VLANS

1. +he following are the advantages of #A$ segmentation using "#A$s:

a- %egmentation of broadcast domains using "#A$s result in creation of more bandwidth per

user.

b- %ecurity is provided by isolating users corresponding to different "#A$s. sers belonging to

one "#A$ will not receive frames mean for some other "#A$.c- #A$ segmentation using "#A$s can be done based on job function rather than physical

location, if required.

2. "#A$s are typically configured on switch ports. However, note that a router is required to

switch traffic between "#A$s. A switch identifies the "#A$ associated with a given frame andforwards the frame to associated ports. %eparate "#A$s for voice and data traffic improves the

privacy and reliability of voice communication.

Version 2.0 Co",ri&t ? 2002 ; 201 CertE7)!s.%o!''


34/61

A single physical port on a router can support one or more "#A$s by use of subinterfaces. +here is

no need to have as many physical ports on a router as that of "#A$s.

'. Inter"#A$ communication can occur only if the router is configured with appropriate sub

interfaces. In this case, there are < "#A$s "#A$s (88,288,/88, and


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each switch in the domain.

"+1 trap is disabled by default. If you enable this feature, it causes an %$)1 message to be generatedevery time a new "+1 message is sent.

'. "+1 is a #ayer 2 messaging protocol. It carries configuration information throughout a single domain."+1 operates in one of three modes:

(- %erver mode: "+1 %ervers can create, modify, or delete "#A$s and other configuration

parameters for the specified "#A$ domain.2- *lient mode: A "+1 client canVt create, change, or delete "#A$s.

/- +ransparent mode: A "+1 transparent mode is used when a switch is not required to participate in

"+1, but only pass the information to other switches. +ransparent switches donVt work either as%erver or clients.

. *onfigurations made to a single switch, called "+1 server, are propagated across the switch fabric unde

a single domain control. 0ther switches, configured as "+1 clients, learn the configuration information

from the server. *isco switches such as *atalyst (788, acting as "+1 servers save the "#A$ configuratio

information in their $on volatile memory $"DA)-, whereas clients keep the information only in runninconfiguration.

&rom the output of show vtp status, we can observe that the domain name and the "+1 version are differenfor both the switches. &or successfully transferring "#A$ information, the version numbers must be same

on both the switches. %imilarly, the "+1 domain name must also be same on both the switches.

. A "+1 advertisement necessarily consists of !*onfiguration revision number!. very time a "+1 server

updates its "#A$ information, it increments the configuration revision number by one count. "+1 clients

use the revision number to enforce the "#A$ configuration pdate.

. +here are two different "+1 versions. "+1 version ( and "+1 version 2. +hese versions are notinteroperable. "ersion ( is the default version. All switches in a given management domain should be

configured in either version ( or version 2. %ome of the advantages of "+1 version 2 are as below:

(. +oken Ding support: %upports +oken Ding #A$ switching and "#A$s. If +oken Ding is used, this

the version required.2. "ersion number auto propagation: In case that all switches are capable of running "ersion 2, only

one switch need to be "ersion 2 enabled, "ersion number is automatically propagated to others.



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G. 4y default, there are no passwords in "+1 informational updates, and any switch that has no "+1

domain name can join the "+1 domain when trunking is enabled. Also any switch that has the same "+1domain name will join and e'change "+1 information. +his could enable an unwanted switch in your

network to manage the "#A$ database on each of the switches. +o prevent this from occurring, set a "+1

password on the switches you want to e'change information.


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configuration.

Instr#%tions:

1. nter privileged e'ec mode

2. nter global configuration mode

'. Assign I1 address (G2.(=.2./ mask 2;;.2;;.2;;.8 on "#A$(

. %et the default gateway to (G2.(=.2.2

. %ave the configuration to $"DA)

SW1en)$*e


SW14%on3i5inter3)%e /*)n 1

SW14%on3i=i35i" )++ress 162.1.2.' 2.2.2.0

SW14%on3i=i35e7it

SW14%on3i5i" +e3)#*t=)tew), 162.1.2.2

SW14%on3i5en+

SW1%o", r#nnin=%on3i st)rt#"=%on3i

4ack

8.2.' : L)$ E7er%ise ' : Tro#$*es&ootin 280 Swit%&


8.2. : L)$ E7er%ise : 280 Tr#nkin Con3i#r)tion


8.2. : L)$ E7er%ise : Cre)tin )n+ -e*etin 280 VLANs


8.2. : L)$ E7er%ise : Con3i#rin VT9 on 280 Swit%&


8.2.6 : L)$ E7er%ise 6 : Con3i#rin VT9 wit& ) VT9 C*ient


8.2.< : L)$ E7er%ise < : Tro#$*es&ootin *)$ wit& non=!)t%&in +o!)ins


Version 2.0 Co",ri&t ? 2002 ; 201 CertE7)!s.%o!'6


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8.2.8 : L)$ E7er%ise 8 : Tro#$*es&ootin *)$ wit& tr#nk 3#n%tion)*it,


8.2.10 : L)$ E7er%ise 10 : VLANs


8.2.11 : L)$ E7er%ise 11 : VT9 4VLAN Tr#nkin 9roto%o*5


8.2.12 : L)$ E7er%ise 12 : VLANs )n+ Tr#nkin


8.2.1' : L)$ E7er%ise 1' : (o#tin $etween VLANs 4(o#ter on ) Sti%k5


8.2.1 : L)$ E7er%ise 1 : Conne%ti/it, Testin wit& 9in )n+ Tr)%ero#te




39/61


Note: 1lease refer to the below network diagram for the switch e'ercises given in the ne't

sections.

8.'.1 : L)$ E7er%ise 1 : -e3ineVLANs

-es%ri"tion: +his e'ercise demonstrates the commands required to create "#A$s on the

switch.

Instr#%tions

1. *reate "#A$ (8 and 28 by using the command synta' Nset vlans WvlannameL vlanid WvlanidnumberL

2. "erify the same using show vlans command

#serSW1%on3i#re

Je+itK

#serSW1set /*)ns !)rketin /*)n=i+ 10

Je+itK

#serSW1set /*)ns s#""ort /*)n=i+ 20Je+itK

#serSW1%o!!it

Je+itK

#serSW1e7it

#serSW1s&ow /*)ns 4ack

Version 2.0 Co",ri&t ? 2002 ; 201 CertE7)!s.%o!'8


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8.'.2 : L)$ E7er%ise 2 : Con3i#re ) "ort 3or !e!$ers&i" in t&)t VLAN


8.'.' : L)$ E7er%ise ' : Con3i#rin )n inter3)%e )s ) tr#nk "ort


8.'. : L)$ E7er%ise : Con3i#rin VLANs on E@ series swit%&

Not A/)i*)$*e in -e!o Version.

8.'. : L)$ E7er%ise : Con3i#rin (o#te+ VLAN inter3)%e 4Inter=VLAN ro#tin5

on ) swit%&


8. O$>e%ti/e Test ' : Answer t&e 3o**owin #estions


10. E7er%ises on S")nnin Tree 9roto%o* )n+ VST9

10.1 Notes on S")nnin=tree "roto%o*

1. W&)t is S")nnin Tree 9roto%o* )n+ w&, is it re#ire+

i. %+1 is a layer 2 protocol that runs on bridges and switches. +he main function of %+1 is forremoving loops on a switch network. In *isco *atalyst ;888 series switches, use 431s 4ridg

1rotocol 3ata nits- to determine the spanning tree topology. %+1 uses a +ree Algorithm %+A-

to prevent loops, resulting in a stable network topology.

ii. &ollowing are the possible solutions for preventing routing loops.

1. S"*it HoriQon based on the principle that it is not useful to send the information about a rou back in the direction from which the information originally came.

2. 9oison (e/erse A router that discovers an inaccessible route sets a table entry consistent state

infinite metric- while the network converges.

'. Ho*+=+own Ti!ers Hold down timers prevent regular update messages from reinstating a route

that has gone bad. Here, if a route fails, the router waits a certain amount of time before acceptingany other routing information about that route.

. Triere+ U"+)tes $ormally, new routing tables are sent to neighboring routers at regular



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intervals I1 DI1 every /8 sec 6 and I1? DI1 every =8 sec-. A triggered update is an update sent

immediately in response to some change in the routing table. +riggered updates along with Holddown timers can be used effectively to counter routing loops.

iii. A switch, participating in %panning+ree protocol, passes through the following states:

1. B*o%ke+ st)te: +his is the initial state. All ports are put in a blocked state to prevent bridging

loops.

2. Listen st)te: +his is the second state of switch ports. Here all the ports are put in listen mode. +h port can listen to frames but canVt send. +he period of time that a switch takes to listen is set by !fw

delay!.

'. Le)rn st)te: #earn state comes after #isten state. +he only difference is that the port can add

information that it has learned to its address table. +he period of time that a switch takes to learn is

set by !fwd delay!.

. orw)r+ st)te: A port can send and receive data in this state. 4efore placing a port in forwarding

state, %panning+ree 1rotocol ensures that there are no redundant paths or loops.

. -is)$*e+ st)te: +his is the state when the switch port is disabled. A switch port may be disabled

due to administrative reasons or due to switch specific problems.

2. How ST9 works

i. (oot Bri+e(oot Swit%&

+he Doot 4ridge %witch- is a special bridge at the top of the spanning tree. +he first step in %+1 is toelect the root switch, 413s are used for the election process.

&or switches that implement "#A$s, the switches will have a different switch I3 per "#A$ and aseparate instance of %+1 per "#A$. ach "#A$ has its own root switch and within each "#A$, %+

will run and remove loops in that particular "#A$-

Bri+e I-

4ridge I3 is determined by using switch priority /2G=9 by default and can have a value between 8and =;,;/;- and switchVs )A* address and it is 9 bytes long bridge priority 2 bytes- and switchVs

)A* addresses = bytes--.

E7)!"*e:

4ridge 1riority: 1000888888888888 4inary equivalent of /2G=9-

)A* Address: 888(.882.882; H

4ridge I3 in the above instance is as given: /2G=9.888(.882.882;

4ridge priority is given in decimal and )A* is given in He' for simplicity. In actual practice, bothfigures are converted to binary6he' while determining the 4ridge I3. Additionally, the bridge I3 also



42/61

depends on the %+1 protocol being used. &or 1"%+, #A$ information will also be taken in to

consideration while computing the 4ridge I3. However, 1"%+ is beyond the scope of this article.

How (oot Swit%& is se*e%te+

+he following criteria is applied while selecting the Doot 4ridge:

+he switch with the lowest 4ridge I3 is chosen as root.

$ote that 4ridge I3 is a combination switch priority /2G=9 by default- and switchVs )A* address.

5hile comparing two bridge I3s, the bridge priority is compared first. If two bridges have equal

priority value, then the )A* addresses are compared. +he switch with the lowest )A* address will be chosen as the root 4ridge.

E7)!"*e:

%witch A: 1riority value: /2G=9, )A* address: 888(.882.882;

%witch 4: 1riority value: /2G=9, )A* address: 888(.882.882=

In the above e'ample, %witch A will be chosen as the Doot 4ridge because it has the lowest )A*

address value though the priority values of both the switches are same.

Note: In a multi port bridge, the port with the lowest )A* address will be used the 4ridge )A*address.

9ort 9riorit,

very port on a bridge will have a priority value. +he default port priority is /2. However, this value

can range from 8 to 2X=.

9ort N#!$er: +he port number is (8bit long and can have values 8 to 2X(8.

9ort I-

1ort I3 is 1ort 1riority and 1ort number. ach "ort I- is (= bits long with two parts: a =bit priority

setting and a (8bit port number.

Bri+e 9ort Cost )n+ 9)t& Cost:

+he port cost is inversely proportional to the port bandwidth. +he more the bandwidth of a port, the

lesser the path cost. &or e'ample, a gigabit port will have less port cost than a (88mbps port.

+he following table lists the 1ort *ost value for different port bandwidths. +he table is based on I

982.(d standards recommendation, and the e'act criteria for computing the *ost "alue given the #in

%peed is not known.

Link S"ee+ Cost V)*#e

(8 >bps 2



43/61

( >bps <

(88 )bps (7

(8 )bps (88

5hen a packet leaves a port on a bridge, the port cost is added to the path cost. +he path cost is the

accumulated port costs from a switch to the root switch.

ii. (oot 9ort )n+ its se*e%tion:

0nce the root bridge is elected, all other switches in the switched network need communicate with th

root bridge choosing a single port on itself known as the root port-. +he selection of root port is based on the following criteria:

i. If there are two or more paths to reach the Doot 4ridge %witch- select the bridge port associatedwith the lowest accumulated path cost.

E7)!"*e:

In the above e'ample, there are two paths from %5/ to reach root bridge. 1ath *ost calculation is

given below

%5/"ia 1ort(- L %52- B %52 L %5(- Y (7B< Y 2/%5/"ia port 2- L %52- B %52 L %5(- Y


44/61

In the above e'ample, the path costs from %5/ to reach the root bridge is same in both cases

case (: %5/%52%5( Y


45/61

In the above e'ample, there are two paths from %5/ to reach root bridge. %ince the port priority issame on both ports of %5/, the lowest port number ( will be considered as the root port on %5/.

Hence port ( on %5/ will be considered as root port.

Note: Doot 4ridge will never have a root port. If a switch has multiple paths to reach the root switch

it must select one path and the associated port as the root port.

iii. -esin)te+ Bri+e:

A designated bridge is elected on a #A$ segment in accordance with the following criteria:

a. In a #A$ segment, the bridge with the lowest path cost to the Doot 4ridge will be the 3esignated

4ridge.

E7)!"*e:



46/61

K $ote that the figure is just for the demonstration of the spanningtree concept and is not e'actlylooped network.

In the above e'ample, on segment %52L%5/, the bridge with the lowest path cost to the root bridge is %52, hence it is elected as 3esignated 4ridge on that segment.

O(

b. If there are two bridges in the #A$ segment with equal path cost to the Doot 4ridge, then the

4ridge with the lowest 4ridge I3 becomes the 3esignated 4ridge.

E7)!"*e

In the above e'ample, on %52L%5/ segment, both the bridges %52 and %5/ have equal path cos

to reach the root bridge, hence the bridge with lowest bridge I3 becomes the designated bridge whichis %52 in this case.



47/61

i/. -esin)te+ 9ort

A layer 2 switched network consists of one or more #A$ segments. ach of these #A$ segments

need to access the Doot 4ridge. In a #A$ segment, the port used to reach the Doot port D1- is called

3esignated port 31-. +here can be only one Doot 1ort marked as D1- on a %witch, but a %witch ca

have multiple 3esignated ports marked as 31-, one for each #A$ segment. 3esignated ports areselected based on the lowest path cost to the root bridge for a given segment. %ince the root bridge

will have a path cost of !8,! any ports on the Doot switch that are directly connected to the #A$

segments will become designated ports. A Doot 1ort can never be a 3esignated port.

+here can be only one Doot 1ort marked as D1- on a %witch, but a %witch can have multiple

3esignated ports marked as 31-. 0nce the designated port for a network segment has been chosen,the other end of the segment is designated as $31 $on 3esignated 1ort-. $31, if not a Doot 1ortD1-. +hey block network traffic from taking that path so it can only access that segment through the

designated port.

How ) -9 is se*e%te+

0nce the 3esignated 4ridge is elected on a #A$ segment, the following criteria applies in theselection of a 3esignated 1ort on the given #A$ segment::

i. +he switch port associated with the 3esignated 4ridge- on the #A$ segment with the lowest

accumulated path cost to the Doot 4ridge will be selected as 3esignated 1ort 31- for the givensegment.

E7)!"*e:



48/61

K $ote that the figure is just for the demonstration of the spanningtree concept and is not e'actly

looped network.

ii. If a switch has redundant connections to the network segment, the switch port with the lowest por

priority /2 by default- is selected.

E7)!"*e:

In this e'ample, there is redundant connection on segment %52L%5/. +herefore on the designated

bridge %52-, the port with the lowest port priority will be selected as the designated port which is

port ( on %52 in this case.



49/61

iii. If there is again a tie it can happen if the priorities of the ports on this switch are the same-, thenthe lowest numbered port on the switch is selected.

E7)!"*e:

In this e'ample, there is redundant connection on segment %52L%5/. 0n the designated bridge%52-, both the ports have same priority, therefore as per the criteria given, the lowest numbered po

on the switch will be selected as designated port which is port ( on %52 in this case.

'. ST9 on ) =Swit%&e+ Network

E7"*)n)tion



50/61

1. (oot Bri+e : %5( is the root bridge because of its lowest )A*address, thus becoming the

decisive factor because the priority is default on all the switches..

2. (oot 9ort : D1 on each switch is calculated which is the sum of the port costs from each switch tothe root switch, lowest path cost will become the root port.

'ample, there are three ways to reach root bridge from %52 as given below:

%52%5( Y (7 lowest path-

%52%5/%5


51/61

10.2 L)$ E7er%ises #sin Cis%o swit%&es

Note: 1lease refer to the below network for the e'ercises given in this section. Also note that thespanning tree commands are made available only on 27;8 switch in the simulator.

10.2.1 : L)$ E7er%ise 1 : En)$*in ST9

-es%ri"tion : +his lab e'ercise demonstrates the necessary commands to enable and disable

spanning tree protocol on a switch.

Instr#%tions:

1. nter into configuration mode on %5(

2. Issue command !spanningtree vlan WvlannumL to enable spanningtree on a specified "#A$

'. Issue no form of the command !spanningtree vlan WvlannumL to disable spanningtree on th

"#A$ specified.

SW1en)$*e


SW14%on3i5s")nnin=tree /*)n 1

SW14%on3i5no s")nnin=tree /*)n 1

SW14%on3i5e7it

SW1 4ack

Note: %panning +ree 1rotocol %+1- is enabled by default on modern switches. It is possible to

disable or enable the %panning +ree 1rotocol %+1- when required.



52/61

10.2.2 : L)$ E7er%ise 2 : Con3i#rin (oot Swit%&

-es%ri"tion : +his lab e'ercise demonstrates the necessary commands to configure the root

switch.

Instr#%tions:

1. nter into configuration mode on %5(

2. Issue the command !spanningtree vlan WvlannumL root! that modifies the switch priorityfrom the default /2G=9 to a lower value to allow the switch to become the root switch for "#A$

(

'. "erify the configuration using Nshow spanningtreeO command.

SW1en)$*e


SW14%on3i5s")nnin=tree /*)n 1 root

SW14%on3i5e7it

SW1s&ow s")nnin=tree

Note: +he command !show spantree! includes information about the following:

(. "#A$ number 2. Doot bridge priority, )A* address

/. 4ridge timers )a' Age, Hello +ime, &orward 3elay-4ack

10.2.' : L)$ E7er%ise ' : Con3i#rin 9ort=9riorit,


10.2. : L)$ E7er%ise : Con3i#rin t&e swit%& "riorit, o3 ) VLAN


10.2. : L)$ E7er%ise : Con3i#rin ST9 Ti!ers


10.2. : L)$ E7er%ise : Veri3,in ST9




53/61


10.'.1 : L)$ E7er%ise 1 : Con3i#rin ST9 Ti!ers

-es%ri"tion: +his lab e'ercise demonstrates configuring spanningtree protocol timers.

Instr#%tions:

(. nter into configuration mode on %5(2. se the command Nset stp hellotime6forwardtime6ma'age WvalueLO to configure the variou

%+1 timers on the switch

/. "erify the configuration using show configuration command.

#serSW1%on3i#re

Je+itK

#serSW1e+it "roto%o*s

Je+it "roto%o*sK

#serSW1set st" 3orw)r+=+e*), 20

Je+it "roto%o*sK

#serSW1set st" &e**o=ti!e Je+it "roto%o*sK

#serSW1set st" !)7=)e '0

Je+it "roto%o*sK

#serSW1e7it

Je+itK

#serSW1%o!!it

Je+itK

#serSW1e7it

#serSW1s&ow %on3i#r)tion

4ack

Note:

i. Hello+ime: 3etermines how often the switch broadcasts hello messages to other switches.

ii. &orward+ime: 3etermines how long each of the listening and learning states last before the

interface begins forwarding.iii. )a'Age: 3etermines the amount of time the switch stores protocol information received on an

interface.

10.'.2 : L)$ E7er%ise 2 : Settin $ri+e "riorit, on swit%&

-es%ri"tion: +his e'ercise demonstrates the command required to configure switch priority of a

"#A$.

Instr#%tions:

(. nter into configuration mode on %5(

2. Issue the command !bridgepriority WpriorityvalueL to configure the switch priority of a"#A$.



54/61

#serSW1s&ow s")nnin=tree inter3)%e

#serSW1%on3i#re

Je+itK

#serSW1e+it "roto%o*s

Je+it "roto%o*sK

#serSW1set st" $ri+e="riorit, 122


55/61

is not supported on non*isco devices.

Note: 1lease refer to the below network for the e'ercises given in this section. Also note that the spannintree commands are made available only on 27;8 switch in the simulator.

11.1.2 : L)$ E7er%ise 1 : En)$*in )n+ +is)$*in U"*ink3)st 3e)t#re on ) swit%&

-es%ri"tion: +his lab e'ercise demonstrates the usage of the uplinkfast command on the switch

Instr#%tions

1. nter into the global configuration mode on the switch.

2. se the command !%panningtree uplinkfast! to enable uplinkfast feature on the switch and

verify the same using show command.

'. se the no form of the above command to disable the uplinkfast on switch and verify the sam

using show spanningtree summary command.

SW1en)$*e


SW14%on3i5s")nnin=tree #"*ink3)st

SW14%on3i5e7itSW1s&ow s")nnin=tree s#!!)r,

SW14%on3i5no s")nnin=tree #"*ink3)st

Note: plinkfast provides fast convergence in the network access layer after a spanningtree

topology change using uplink groups.

nables fast uplink fail over on an access layer switch when dual uplinks are connected. 5henuplinkfastis enabled, it is enabled for the entire switch and all "#A$s and note that this command



56/61

is not allowed on root bridge switch. 5hen plink&ast is configured, the bridge priority is change

to


57/61

12. L)$ E7er%ises on 9oE 4#sin #ni"er swit%&es5

12.1 : L)$ E7er%ise 1 : Con3i#rin #)r+=$)n+ )n+ !)7i!#! "ower on 9oE

en)$*e+ inter3)%e

-es%ri"tion: +his e'ercise demonstrates the commands required to configure parameters like

guardband and ma' power on a 1o enabled interface.

Instr#%tions

(. nter into 1o hierarchy mode on %52 that has 1o enabled ports.2. >uardband synta' is NSet #)r+=$)n+ Rw)ttsO. Dange to be set is 8 through (7 where

default value is 8

/. )a'imum power synta' is NSet inter3)%e 4)** inter3)%e=n)!e5 !)7i!#!="ower Rw)ttsODange to be set is 8.8 through (9.= for ?/288 and ?


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12.' : L)$ E7er%ise ' : -is)$*in ) 9oE inter3)%e


12. : L)$ E7er%ise : Settin "ower "riorit, on )** 9oE en)$*e+ inter3)%es


1'. in)* E7)!: Answer t&e 3o**owin #estions


1. A""en+i7

1.1 : Answer ke,s 3or O$>e%ti/e Test 1


1.2 Answer Fe,s 3or O$>e%ti/e Test 2

1. +

E7"*)n)tion : %how version command displays the current version of the *isco I0%. In

addition, this command displays the following important information:

How long the switch has been up length of time since bootup-.

How the system was started power on etc.-

&rom where the system was loaded from booted via flash, or tftp etc.-

+he contents of configuration register.

2. % )n+ +

E7"*)n)tion : +he following are some important commands that can be used to edit and

review command history buffer. It will be useful to practice these commands.

R%tr* A : )ove to the beginning of the command line

R%tr* E : )ove to the end of the command line

R%tr* : )ove forward one character, same as using !Dight Arrow!.

R%tr* B : )ove backward one character, same as using !#eft Arrow!.



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R%tr* 9 : Depeat 1revious command, same as using !p Arrow!.

R%tr* N : Depeat $e't more recent- command, same as using !3own Arrow!.

Res% B : )oves to beginning of previous word.

Res% : )oves to beginning of ne't word.

R%tr*( : *reates new command prompt, followed by all the characters typed at the last one.

'. %

E7"*)n)tion : %witch modes of operation:

1. User E@EC !o+e:= +his is the #05%+ level of access. +his allows e'amination of

switch status and do some diagnostics. However, you cannot change the switch

configuration, view the configuration files, or control the switch in any way. +he prompt inthis mode is !%witchL!.

2. 9ri/i*ee+ 4en)$*e5 E@EC !o+e:= +his mode allows you to have all the privileges of?* user- mode plus commands that enable you to view configuration files, change the

switch configuration, perform troubleshooting that could potentially disrupt traffic. +he

default prompt for this mode is !%witchM!.

5hen you are working in the privileged mode at M prompt-, you can get back to user mode

by typing !disable! at the !M! prompt.

.$

E7"*)n)tion : Zey word: *01J WsourceL WdestinationL

+his command copies configuration information to specified location.

+he following are some frequently used *01J commands:

CO9 (UNNING=CONIGU(ATION STA(TU9=CONIGU(ATION alternatively,

you can use an older version of the command, 5DI+ ))0DJ-: +his command saves

the current configuration to $"DA).

Alternatively, we can issue the command using short form:

CO9 (UNNING STA(TU9 *opies configuration from DA) to $"DA)

CO9 STA(TU9 (UNNING +his command merges configuration from $"DA) to

DA).

CO9 LASH TT9 *opies current I0% from switch flash memory to +&+1 server.

CO9 TT9 LASH = *opies image file from +&+1 server to flash. +his is used to

upgrade the I0% image file to a newer version, or if your I0% image becomes corrupt.



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1.' Answer Fe,s 3or O$>e%ti/e Test '


1. Answer Fe,s 3or O$>e%ti/e Test


1. Answer Fe,s 3or O$>e%ti/e Test

Not A/)i*)$*e in -e!o Version.

1. Answer Fe,s 3or in)* E7)!


1. I%ons #se+ in t&e M)n#)*

1. (o#ter=L),er ' -e/i%e

2. Workro#" Swit%&=L),er 2 -e/i%e

'. 9CWorkst)tion

. Seri)*=I%on to re"resent ) L),er 1 or 2 %)$*e



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. Cir%#it=Swit%&e+ Seri)*

. Et&ernet=I%on to re"resent L),er 1 or 2 Et&ernet %)$*e

6. Network C*o#+

*ert'ams.com is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by *isco[ %ystems, Inc.,

)icrosoft[ *orporation, Inc., *omp+IA[, *heck 1oint %oftware *orp., 1rosoft[, @uniper %ystems Inc or

any other company. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners and duly acknowledged.

Documents

C Program Files (x86) Certexams.com Switch Network Simulator SwitchSim Switching-Manual-Demo