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C O P A R  

COMMUNITY ORGANIZING PARTICIPATORY ACTIONRESEARCH  

DEFINITIONS: 

- A social development approach that aims to

TRANSFORM the APATHETIC, INDIVIDUALISTIC, andVOICELESS POOR into DYNAMIC, PARTICIPATORY

and POLITICALLY responsive community.

- A process, by which a community identifies itsneeds and objectives, develops confidence to take action

in respect to them and in doing so, extends and develops

cooperative and collaborative attitude and practices in

the community.

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IMPORTANCE OF COPAR:

> COPAR is an important tool for communitydevelopment and people empowerment as this:

helps the community workers generate community

participation in development activities.

maximizes community participation and involvement.

prepares people/clients to eventually take over the

management of development programs in the future

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PRINCIPLES OF COPAR:

1. People, especially he most OPPRESSED,

EXPLOITED, AND DEPRIVED ( women sectors,

children, handicapped, elderly, youth ) open to

change, have the capacity to change, and are ableto bring about change.

2. COPAR should be based on the interest of the

POOREST SECTORS of society.

3. COPAR should LEAD TO SELF-RELIANT

COMMUNITY AND SOCIETY.

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PROCESS USED: 

 A PROGRESSIVE CYCLE OF ACTION-

REFLECTION-ACTION which begins with small, local

and concrete issues identified by the people and the

evaluation and reflection of and on the action taken by

them.

CONSCIOUSNESS-RAISING through experiential

learning is central to the COPAR process because it

places emphasis on learning that emerges fromconcrete action and which enriches succeeding action.

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COPAR is PARTICIPATORY AND MASS-BASED

because it is primarily directed towards and biased in

favour of the poor, the powerless and the oppressed.

COPAR is GROUP-CENTERED AND NOT LEADER

ORIENTED. Leaders are identified, emerged and tested

through action rather than appointed or selected by some

external force or entity.

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P H A S E S O F C O P A R

by: Sister Jimenez

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 A. Pre-Entry Phase

> Community consultation/dialogues

> Setting of issues/considerations related to site location

> Development of criteria for site selection

> Site selection> Preliminary social investigation

>Networking with LGU’s, NGO’s and other departments

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B. Entry Phase

> Integration with the community

> Sensitization of the community; information campaign

> Continuing/Deepening social investigation

> Core group formation> Coordination with other community organization

> Self-Awareness and Leadership Training (SALT)/

 Action Planning

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C. Community Study/Diagnosis Phase

> Selection of the research team

> Training on data collection methods and techniques

> Planning for the actual gathering of data

> Data gathering

> Training on data validation

> Community validation

> Presentation of the community study/ diagnosis and

recommendations.

> Prioritization of community needs/problems for action

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D. Community Organization and Capability Building Phase

> Community meetings to draw up guidelines for the

organization

> Election of officers

> Development of management systems including

delineation of the roles, functions and task of officers

and members

> Team building exercises

> Working out legal requirements for the establishment of

the CHO

> Training of the CHO officers/ community leaders

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E. Community Action Phase

> Organization and training of CHW’s 

> Setting-up of linkages/network referral system

> Project Implementation Monitoring Evaluation (PIME)

of health services

> Initial identification and implementation of resource

mobilization schemes

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F. Sustenance and Strengthening Phase

> Formulation and ratification of constitution and by-laws

> Identification and development of “Secondary” leaders

> Setting up and institutionalization of a financing

scheme for the community health activities

> Formalizing and institutionalization of linkages,

networks and referral systems

> Continuing education and upgrading of community

leaders, CHW’s and CHO members> Development of medium/ long term community health

and development plans

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CRITICAL STEPS (ACTIVITIES) IN BUILDING PEOPLE

AND ORGANIZATION

1. INTEGRATION

***A community becoming one with the people in order to:

 A. Immerse himself in the poor community

B. Understand deeply the culture, economy leaders, historyrhythms and life style in the community.

2. SOCIAL INVESTIGATION

- a systematic process of collecting and analyzing data to

draw a clear picture of the community.

> Also known as the “Community Study” 

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3. TENTATIVE PROGRAM PLANNING

- CO to choose one issue to work on in order tobegin organizing the people.

4. GROUNDWORK

- going around and motivating the person on a one

on one basis to do something on the issue that has beenchosen.

5. THE MEETING

- people collectively ratifying what have already

decided individually. The meeting gives the people thecollective power and confidence .Problems and issues

are discussed.

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5. ROLE PLAYING

- means to act out meeting that will take place

between the leaders of the people and the governmentrepresentative’s  .It is the way of training the people to

anticipate what will happen and prepare themselves for

such eventually.

6. MOBILIZATION OF ACTION

- actual experience of the people in confronting the

powerful and the actual exercise of the people power.

7. EVALUATION

- the people reviewing the steps 1-6 so as todetermine whether they were successfully or not on their

objectives.

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8. REFLECTION

- dealing with deeper, on going concerns to look at

the positive values CO is trying to build in the

organization. It gives as the people time to reflect on the

starch reality of the life compared in the ideal.

9. ORGANIZATION

- the people organization is the result of many

successive and similar actions of the people .A final

organizational structure is set up with elected officers and

supporting members.