C & E Dictionary By: Katie Goal 1 Albany Plan of Union Aristocracy Classical Republicanism Due Process Egalitarianism Eminent Domain Federalism Free Exercise Clause Land Ordinance of 1785 Middle Passage Northwest Ordinance Salutary Neglect Self-incrimination Theocracy 3/5 Compromise Albany Plan of Union Benjamin Franklin proposed this union for the colonies to come together under one government Pg. 27 Aristocracy A group of people have all the power Pg. 39 Classical Republicanism Ideas from the Roman republic to form a modern day Europe Pg. 24 Due Process The government must follow the laws before taking action Pg. 38 Egalitarianism All men are equal and have natural rights Pg. 31 Eminent Domain Government can take private property and use it themselves Pg. 38 Federalism Levels of government that share power Pg. 36 Free Exercise Clause Congress cannot pass a law that takes away the freedom of religion Pg. 37 Land Ordinance of 1785 Divides the land so that Congress could sell the land to make money Pg. 33 Middle Passage Route from Africa to America and the route used by ships brought slaves to America Pg. 21 Northwest Ordinance Guidelines were created for how a state could join the union and it also divided land into small territories Pg. 33 Salutary Neglect Colonies governed themselves Pg. 22 Self-incrimination Defendants dont have to testify against themselves Pg. 38 Theocracy A government based on religion Pg. 39 Three Fifths Compromise Slaves account for 3/5 of a person Pg. 34 Goal 2 Budget Deficit Committee System Corporate Taxes Excise Taxes Expenditures Ex Post Facto Laws Full Faith & Credit Clause Implied Powers Income Tax Regressive Taxes Reprieves Social Security Treasure Bonds Writ of Habeas Corpus Budget Deficit The government spends more money then what it actually has Pg. 64 Committee System Committees in each house (Senate and House of Representatives) consider a bill before it goes through the whole house Pg. 48 Corporate Taxes Taxes that businesses have to pay Pg. 63 Excise Taxes Taxes put on certain products Pg. 63 Expenditures Things the government has to pay for Pg. 62 Ex Post Facto Laws Laws that make past legal activity illegal Pg. 49 Filibuster Someone continually talks to stall progress Pg. 48 Full Faith & Credit Clause All states have to respect other states laws Pg.46 Implied Powers Powers that are implied under the Elastic Clause Pg. 46 Income Tax Tax placed on the money people make Pg. 63 Regressive Taxes Take a large amount of money from people that dont make a lot of money Pg. 63 Reprieves Delays sentencing Pg. 50 Social Security An income for people who have reached retirement age Pg. 63 Treasure Bonds People loan the government money Pg. 64 Writ of Habeas Corpus A person can ask for a judge to review their case Pg. 49 Goal 3 Alderman Council-Manager Plan Impact Fees Legislative Initiative Mayor-Council Plan Ordinances Political Corruption Redistricting Referendum 14 th Amendment 19 th Amenndment Alderman Member of the City Council Pg. 77 Council-Manager Plan Citizens elects a council who then hires a city manager Pg. 77 Impact Fees Fees that land developers have to pay that are used to finance government buildings Pg. 85 Legislative Initiative 3/5 of both houses vote in favor of proposed amendments Pg. 73 Mayor-Council Plan City Council passes ordinances Pg. 77 Ordinances Laws for a specific city Pg. 77 Political Corruption Leaders that take part in legal activity lead to political corruption Pg. 84 Redistricting States redraw state and congressional districts for voting Pg. 84 Referendum A vote made by NC citizens to pass a proposed amendment Pg. 73 14 th Amendment Anyone born or naturalized in the United States Pg. 81 19 th Amendment The right to vote is not determined by your sex, men and women can vote Pg. 81 Goal 4 arbitration caucus civic responsibilities glittering generalities impartial jury just plain folk liberal mediation multi-party system patronage plank platform plurality vote political machines reactionary Arbitration Where there is a third party present in the decision and it makes the agreement legally binding Caucus Instead of elections some parties hold meetings to pick delegates Civic Involvement Is the involvement of people in both the government and the community Glittering Generalities A type of propaganda that is used in campaigns that appeal to the voters likes Impartial Jury The sixth amendment states that people are able to a trial by jury, so they are appointed an impartial jury which means they are unbiased Just Plain Folk The type of propaganda used to show that candidates are just like the normal everyday person Liberal People that would like more government involvement or a more active government Mediation Two people that are in a dispute invite a third party to help a find solution Multi-Party System A type of government that has more then one political party Patronage Government officials promise people positions for votes Plank A policy within a platform Platform A set of statements and policies that a political party plans to pursue Plurality Vote Candidates only have to win the most votes but they dont have to have the majority vote Political Machines They were state and local party organizations that chose candidates and they had a huge impact on elections Reactionary Is a group that reacts to things like radical changes or movements Goal 5 Annexation Appellate Jurisdiction Arraignment Cloture Filibuster Indictment Infrastructure Local Initiative Original Jurisdiction Pocket Veto Torts Annexation A city expands by taking outside territories Appellate Jurisdiction Courts with appellate jurisdiction can review a courts decision that has original jurisdiction Arraignment Defendant is informed of his or her charges Cloture 3/5 th of a vote from the senators saying to close a debate, then the filibuster is over and a vote can then take place Filibuster A senator continues to talk to stop a vote or until the bill is withdrawn or they convince people to vote no Indictment A charge saying someone has committed a felony Infrastructure Utilities like sewage and water Local Initiative Is when people in a community sign a petition Original Jurisdiction A court has original jurisdiction if they can hear a case first Pocket Veto The President takes no action toward a bill and just lets it die Torts Some civil cases are referred to as torts, which involve alleged injuries to someones reputation, property, or business Goal 6 Administrative Law Deterrence Family Law International Law Jurisprudence Monetary Compensation Non-Economic Interests Recidivism Rehabilitation Restitution Retribution Statutory Law Administrative Law Law that governs government agencies Deterrence The prevention of further crimes Family Law Divorce, child custody, child support payments, and adoptions are examples of family law International Law Deals with laws that apply to all nations Jurisprudence Study of law Monetary Compensation A convicted person has to pay money in the form of a fine, restitution, or compensation Non-Economic Interests Interests that dont involve money for the driving factor Recidivism Rate at which a criminal repeats a past crime Rehabilitation Tries to turn criminals into good citizens Restitution The money or property gained from a criminal. The criminal will loose his money or property Retribution Punishing a person for a crime they committed Statutory Law Laws endorsed by a legislative body Goal 7 Invisible Hand Agribusiness Capitalism Communism Deficit Spending Economic Exchange Karl Marx Laissez-Faire Marginal Cost Socialism Invisible Hand Unseen force directing the market Agribusiness The replacement of small farms with bigger ones Capitalism The owning of a capital by producing firms Communism Everyone contributes to the common good Deficit Spending Where governments spend more than they have Economic Exchange Trading one thing for another Karl Marx He offered the idea of the working class rising up and establishing socialism Laissez-Faire French for leave alone; the government should not try to regulate the market Marginal Cost The cost of producing one of more items Socialism Government controls all capital and property Goal 8 Barter System Fiscal Policy Inflation Limited Liability Limited Life Multinational Conglomeration Partnership Sole Proprietorship Substitute Goods Voluntary Exchange Barter System People traded their possessions for things they wanted Fiscal Policy How the executive and legislative branch spends money and imposes taxes Inflation A rise in prices for most products throughout the country Limited Liability Shareholders only lose what they invest and they arent responsible for the debts of the corporation Limited Life Seizes to exist after an owner dies or retires unless it is past down Multinational Conglomeration A company that operates in more than one country Partnership A business where two or more people come together and share a business Sole Proprietorship A business owned by one person or a household Substitute Goods Goods that can be used in the place of other goods Voluntary Exchange Businesses and people can freely exchange goods (services and resources) Goal 9 Easy Money Policy Deregulation Economic Indicators Federal Reserve Globalization Immigration Migration Monetary Policy Open Market Operations Tariffs Easy Money Policy Federal Reserve decrease lowers the required reserve and can free banks Deregulation To stop or decrease regulation of an industry Economic Indicators Helps show the future health of the economy (facts or data) Federal Reserve A central bank thats purpose is to control the money supply Globalization World-wide Immigration People coming from another country Migration Movement of people from one location to another Monetary Policy The control of money by the Federal Reserve Open Market Operations Sell or purchase of US Treasury Bonds Tariffs Taxes placed on an item from another country Goal 10 Citizen apathy Fiscal Responsibilities Law and Order Melting pot theory National Security Patriotism Prison reform Rehabilitate Social choices Volunteer compliance Citizen Apathy A lack of concern from citizens Fiscal Responsibilities Responsibilities that concern money Law and Order The way someone should be punished for a crime Melting Pot Theory A theory that the US works better when people put aside their cultural differences National Security Limits civil liberties to protect the US from terrorism Patriotism Showing love and devotion for the United States; showing pride for your country Prison Reform Improving prisons so that there is a more effective justice system Rehabilitate Transforming citizens into someone who follows the laws Social Choices Citizens are allowed to choose their lifestyle, groups they participate in, and their religion as long as it is not illegal Volunteer Compliance Abiding by the laws unless a law is unjust and then citizens can protest